If superpowers were real: Flight - Joy Lin

Translator: Klavdija Cernilogar Reviewer: Nika Kotnik

If humans could fly,

Če bi ljudje lahko leteli

without tools and machines,

brez orodij in naprav,

how fast do you think we would go?

kako hitri bi bili, kaj mislite?

As of 2012, the world record

Od leta 2012 je svetovni rekord

for fastest short-distance sprint speed

v teku na najkrajši razdalji

is roughly 27 miles per hour.

približno 43 km/h.

Running speed depends on how much force

Hitrost teka je odvisna od tega,

is exerted by the runner's legs,

koliko moči ima tekač v nogah,

and according to Newton's Second Law of Motion,

drugi Newtonov zakon gibanja pa pravi,

force is the product of mass times acceleration.

da je sila produkt mase in pospeška.

And Newton's Third Law states

Tretji Newtonov zakon pravi,

that for every action,

da za vsako akcijo

there is an equal and opposite reaction.

obstaja enaka in nasprotna reakcija.

So, that means running requires

Tek torej zahteva,

having a ground to push off from,

da se odrivamo od tal

and the ground pushes back against the runner's foot.

in da tla delujejo nazaj na podplat.

So, flying would actually be

Letenje bi bilo zato

more similar to swimming.

bolj podobno plavanju.

Michael Phelps is currently the fastest human in water

Michael Phelps je trenutno najhitrejši človek v vodi

and the most decorated Olympian of all time.

in največkrat odlikovan olimpijec vseh časov.

Guess how fast he swims?

Uganite, kako hitro plava.

The answer may surprise you.

Odgovor vas bo morda presenetil.

His fastest recorded speed is

Njegova najhitrejša zabeležena hitrost

less than 5 miles per hour.

je manj kot osem km/h.

A child on the ground can easily outrun

Otrok, ki teče, brez težav prehiti

Michael Phelps in water,

Michaela Phelpsa v vodi,

but why is that?

ampak zakaj?

Well, let's go back to Newton's Third Law of Motion.

Vrnimo se k tretjemu Newtonovemu zakonu gibanja.

When we run, we move forward

Pri teku se premikamo naprej

by pushing against the ground with our feet

z odrivanjem od tal

and the ground pushes back,

in tla potiskajo nazaj,

propelling us forward.

kar nas žene naprej.

The ground is solid.

Tla so trdna.

By definition, it means the particles

To pomeni, da so delci

are essentially locked into place

trdno pri miru

and must push back instead of getting out of the way,

in morajo delovati nazaj, namesto da bi se umaknili,

but water is liquid and flows easily.

voda pa je tekočina in se giblje.

When we move our limbs

Ko se z okončinami

to push back against the water,

odrivamo od vode,

a part of the water molecules

del vodnih molekul

can just slide past one another

drsi mimo

instead of pushing back.

in se ne upira.

Now, let's think about flying.

Poglejmo si letenje.

Air has a lot more free space

V zraku je veliko več prostora

for particles to move past one another,

za gibanje delcev,

so even more of our energy would be wasted.

zato bi izgubili še več energije.

We would need to push a lot of air backwards

Odriniti bi se morali od veliko zraka,

in order to move forward.

da bi se sploh premaknili naprej.

Astronauts move around in shuttles

Astronavti se premikajo v raketah

in zero gravity when they're in outer space

v breztežnostnem prostoru vesolja,

by pulling on handles installed on the ceiling walls

tako da se oprijemajo ročic na stropu

and floors of the shuttle.

in na tleh rakete.

Now, imagine you were given the ability to float.

Predstavljajte si, da bi lahko lebdeli.

How would you move around in the middle of the street?

Kako bi se premikali po ulici?

Well, you wouldn't get very far

Ne bi prišli prav daleč,

by swimming in air, would you?

če bi plavali po zraku, kajne?

Nah, I don't think so!

Mislim, da ne!

Now, assuming you were granted the ability to float

Če bi lahko lebdeli

and the speed to move around efficiently,

in se učinkovito premikali,

let's discuss the height of your flight.

na kakšni višini bi to bilo?

According to the Ideal Gas Law,

Zakon idealnega plina

P-V N-R-T,

PV = nRT pravi,

pressure and temperature has a positive correlation,

da sta tlak in temperatura pozitivno povezana,

meaning they increase and decrease together.

se pravi, da rasteta in padata skupaj.

This is because the air expands in volume

To je zato, ker se zraku ob nižjem tlaku

with less pressure,

prostornina veča,

so the molecules have more room to wander around

zato imajo molekule več prostora za gibanje

without colliding into each other and creating heat.

ne da bi se zadevale ena ob drugo in tako tvorile toploto.

Since the atmospheric pressure is a lot lower

Ker je atmosferski pritisk veliko nižji

in high altitudes,

na velikih nadmorskih višinah,

it would be freezing cold

bi zmrzovali,

if you were flying above the clouds.

če bi leteli nad oblaki.

You'd need to wrap yourself up

Morali bi se toplo obleči,

to keep your core body temperature

da bi telesno tempreaturo

above 95 degrees Fahrenheit,

ohranili nad 35 stopinj Celzija,

otherwise you'd start shivering violently,

sicer bi začeli močno drhteti,

gradually becoming mentally confused

postali bi zmedeni

and eventually drop out of the sky

in nato bi padli z neba, saj bi

due to loss of muscle control

zaradi podhladitve

from hypothermia!

izgubili nadzor nad mišicami!

Now, the Ideal Gas Law implies

Zakon idealnega plina pravi,

that as the pressure decreases,

da s padanjem tlaka

gas volume increases.

narašča prostornina plina.

So, if you were to fly straight up too quickly,

Če bi prehitro odleteli navzgor,

bi se inertni plin v telesu hitro razširil

the inert gas in your body would rapidly expand

the way soda fizzes up when shaken.

kot gazirana pijača, ko jo pretresemo.

The phenomenon is called "the bends,"

Ta pojav se imenuje

decompression sickness,

dekompresijska bolezen

or "divers disease"

ali "bolezen potapljačev",

since deep sea scuba divers experience this

saj se zgodi potapljačem v velike globine,

when they come up too quickly.

če se prehitro dvignejo na površje.

This results in pain,

Povzroči bolečino,

paralysis,

paralizo

or death,

ali smrt,

depending on how foamy your blood becomes.

odvisno od tega, kako penasta postane kri.

Okay, well, let's say you want to fly

Recimo, da želite leteti

just a few meters above the ground

le nekaj metrov nad tlemi,

da še vidite prometne znake

where you can still see the road signs

and breath oxygen with ease.

in brez težav dihate.

You'll still need goggles and a helmet

Še vedno boste potrebovali očala in čelado

to protect you from birds,

za zaščito pred pticami,

insects,

street signs,

insekti,

prometnimi znaki,

electrical wires,

električnimi vodi

and other flying humans,

in drugimi letečimi ljudmi,

including flying cops

tudi letečimi policaji,

ready to hand you a ticket

ki vas bodo oglobili,

if you don't follow the flying rules, buddy.

če ne boste leteli po pravilih.

Now remember, if you have a collision mid-air

Zapomnite si, če v zraku kam trčite

that knocks you unconscious,

in izgubite zavest,

you would experience free fall

boste prosto padli

until you hit the ground.

vse do tal.

Without society or the laws of physics,

Brez družbe in zakonov fizike

flying would be a totally awesome ability to have.

bi bilo letenje krasna sposobnost.

But, even if we could all just float around

A tudi če bi vsi lahko lebdeli

a few feet above the ground

kak meter nad tlemi

and only moving at a snail's pace,

in se premikali po polžje,

I'm telling you, it's still a cool ability that I'd want,

vam povem, da bi bilo še zmeraj super,

wouldn't you?

kajne?

Yeah, I thought so.

Ja, se mi je zdelo.

Now, which superpower physics lesson

Katero nadnaravno moč

will you explore next?

boste raziskali zdaj?

Shifting body size and content,

Spreminjanje velikosti in sestave telesa,

super speed,

super hitrost,

flight,

letenje,

super strength,

nadnaravno moč,

immortality,

nesmrtnost

and

in

invisibility.

nevidnost.