How does heart transplant surgery work? - Roni Shanoada

3,252,095 views ・ 2022-05-24

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jisook Yun κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
Your heart beats more than 100,000 times a day.
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심μž₯은 ν•˜λ£¨μ— μ‹­λ§Œ 번 이상 λœλ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:11
In just a minute, it pumps over five liters of blood throughout your body.
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단 1λΆ„ λ§Œμ— ν˜ˆμ•‘ 5리터 이상을 온λͺΈμœΌλ‘œ νŽŒν”„μ§ˆν•˜μ§€μš”.
00:17
But unlike skin and bones, the heart has a limited ability to repair itself.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ ν”ΌλΆ€λ‚˜ λΌˆμ™€λŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ 슀슀둜λ₯Ό μΉ˜μœ ν•˜λŠ” λŠ₯λ ₯이 μ œν•œμ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:22
So if this organ is severely damaged,
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ λ§Œμ•½ μ‹¬κ°ν•˜κ²Œ μ†μƒλ˜λ©΄
00:25
there’s often only one medical solution: replacing it.
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μ˜ν•™μ  해결책이 λŒ€κ°œ 였직 ν•œ 가지밖에 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
심μž₯을 μ΄μ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
00:30
Today, nearly 3,500 heart transplants are performed each year
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ—λŠ” 심μž₯ 이식이 맀년 거의 μ‚Όμ²œμ˜€λ°± 회 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
in a complex and intricate procedure with no room for error.
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μ‹€μˆ˜ν•˜λ©΄ μ•ˆ λ˜λŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  μ •κ΅ν•œ 과정이죠.
00:40
The process begins by testing potential recipients
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κ·Έ 과정은 잠재적 수용자λ₯Ό κ²€μ‚¬ν•˜μ—¬
00:44
to ensure they’re healthy enough for this demanding operation.
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νž˜λ“  μˆ˜μˆ μ„ 받기에 μΆ©λΆ„νžˆ κ±΄κ°•ν•œμ§€ ν™•μΈν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ—μ„œλΆ€ν„° μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:49
Doctors are especially concerned with identifying immunocompromising illnesses
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ΄ 특히 μ‹ κ²½μ“°λŠ” 것은
λ©΄μ—­ μ €ν•˜ μ§ˆν™˜μ˜ 확인과
00:54
or any other conditions that could compromise a patient's chance of survival.
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ν™˜μžμ˜ 생쑴 κ°€λŠ₯성을 μœ„ν˜‘ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” 기타 쑰건의 ν™•μΈμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
The next step is to match an eligible recipient with a heart donor.
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λ‹€μŒ λ‹¨κ³„λŠ” 심μž₯ κ³΅μ—¬μžμ™€ μ ν•©ν•œ 수용자λ₯Ό μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
Donors are often comatose patients with no chance of being resuscitated
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κ³΅μ—¬μžλŠ” λŒ€κ°œ μ†Œμƒ κ°€λŠ₯성이 μ—†λŠ” 혼수 μƒνƒœ ν™˜μžμ΄κ±°λ‚˜
01:09
or victims of a fatal event whose hearts are still healthy.
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치λͺ…적인 사고λ₯Ό λ‹Ήν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ 심μž₯은 아직 κ±΄κ°•ν•œ ν¬μƒμžμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
In both cases, these patients need to be registered as an organ donor
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두 경우 λͺ¨λ‘ ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ μž₯κΈ° 기증자둜 λ“±λ‘λ˜κ±°λ‚˜
01:18
or have their families give consent.
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κ°€μ‘±μ˜ λ™μ˜λ₯Ό λ°›μ•„μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
And even when a heart is available,
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심μž₯을 기증할 수 μžˆλŠ” κ²½μš°λ”λΌλ„
01:23
surgeons can’t just pair any donor with any recipient.
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ΄ κ³΅μ—¬μžμ™€ 수용자λ₯Ό μ•„λ¬΄λ ‡κ²Œλ‚˜ μ—°κ²°ν•  μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
The recipient’s immune system will view a transplanted heart
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수용자의 λ©΄μ—­ 체계가 μ΄μ‹λœ 심μž₯을
01:31
as a foreign organism that must be attacked.
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이질적인 유기체둜 보고 곡격할 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:35
So doctors need to match recipients with donors that share their blood type
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” μˆ˜μš©μžμ™€ κ³΅μ—¬μžμ˜
ν˜ˆμ•‘ν˜•μ΄ κ°™κ³  항원이 λΉ„μŠ·ν•˜λ„λ‘ μ—°κ²°ν•΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:40
and have similar antigens.
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01:42
If a match can be made, the surgery can begin.
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연결이 μ„±μ‚¬λ˜λ©΄ 수술이 μ‹œμž‘λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
Once the donor's heart is confirmed to be healthy,
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일단 κ³΅μ—¬μžμ˜ 심μž₯이 κ±΄κ°•ν•˜λ‹€κ³  판λͺ…λ˜λ©΄,
01:49
the organ is immersed in an ice slush
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심μž₯ μ£Όμœ„λ₯Ό μ–ΌμŒμœΌλ‘œ μ±„μš°κ³ 
01:51
and injected with a solution to induce cardiac arrest.
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심μž₯ λ§ˆλΉ„λ₯Ό μœ λ„ν•˜λŠ” μš©μ•‘μ„ μ£Όμž…ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:56
These treatments stop the heart from pumping
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 처치둜 심μž₯은 λ›°λŠ” 것을 λ©ˆμΆ”κ³ 
01:58
to ensure it can be removed cleanly.
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μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ κΊΌλ‚Ό 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:01
Surgeons then place the organ in a mix of cold saline
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그런 λ‹€μŒ μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€ μž₯κΈ°λ₯Ό
μ°¨κ°€μš΄ μ‹μ—Όμˆ˜μ™€ 보쑴앑을 μ„žμ€ 앑체에 λ„£μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
and preservation solution.
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02:08
This is when the clock starts.
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μ§€κΈˆλΆ€ν„° 속도가 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
Disconnected from its blood supply,
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심μž₯ 세포듀은 ν˜ˆμ•‘ 곡급이 끊겨
02:12
the heart’s cells start taking on damage from lack of oxygen.
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μ‚°μ†Œ λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ 손상을 μž…κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:16
The organ will only remain viable outside the body for a few hours,
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μž₯κΈ°λŠ” λͺΈ λ°–μ—μ„œ κ³ μž‘ λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„λ§Œ 생쑴할 수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
02:20
so it needs to reach its recipient as fast as possible.
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κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν•œ 빨리 μˆ˜μš©μžμ—κ²Œ 도착해야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:24
Once the heart arrives, the recipient is put under general anesthesia.
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심μž₯이 λ„μ°©ν•˜μžλ§ˆμž, μˆ˜μš©μžλŠ” μ „μ‹  λ§ˆμ·¨μ— λ“€μ–΄κ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
The surgeon makes an incision down the length of the chest,
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μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” κ°€μŠ΄μ„ μ„Έλ‘œλ‘œ μ ˆκ°œν•˜μ—¬
02:33
cutting through the breastbone to separate the rib cage
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κ°€μŠ΄λΌˆλ₯Ό μ ˆλ‹¨ν•˜κ³  흉곽을 μ—΄μ–΄μ„œ 심μž₯을 λ“œλŸ¬λƒ…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:36
and expose the heart.
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02:37
To keep blood flowing while they remove the damaged organ,
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μ†μƒλœ μž₯κΈ°λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜λŠ” λ™μ•ˆ ν”Όκ°€ 계속 흐λ₯΄κ²Œ ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄,
02:40
surgeons use a cardiopulmonary bypass machine.
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€ 인곡심폐기λ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
This takes over the heart's job,
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이 κΈ°κ³„λŠ” 심μž₯의 역할을 λŒ€μ‹ ν•˜μ—¬
02:46
generating enough force to push blood through the patient's circulatory system.
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ν™˜μžμ˜ μˆœν™˜κ³„μ— ν”Όλ₯Ό 보낼 μΆ©λΆ„ν•œ νž˜μ„ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:52
After the old heart is removed,
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κΈ°μ‘΄ 심μž₯을 μ œκ±°ν•œ ν›„,
02:54
the surgeon begins sewing the donor heart into place.
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μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” κ·Έ μžλ¦¬μ— κ³΅μ—¬μžμ˜ 심μž₯을 μ΄μ‹ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
This is an incredibly precise process, where each blood vessel and artery
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이것은 λ¬΄μ²™μ΄λ‚˜ μ •λ°€ν•œ κ³Όμ •μœΌλ‘œ, 각각의 ν˜ˆκ΄€κ³Ό 동λ§₯은
03:02
must be carefully attached to avoid leaks.
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ν˜ˆμ•‘μ΄ μƒˆλŠ” 것을 막기 μœ„ν•΄ μ‘°μ‹¬μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ μ—°κ²°ν•΄μ•Όλ§Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:07
The procedure can last several hours,
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이 과정은 λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 걸릴 수 μžˆλŠ”λ°,
03:09
potentially longer if there’s scar tissue from previous surgeries.
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이전 수술의 흉터 쑰직이 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄ 더 κΈΈμ–΄μ§ˆ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:13
Once it’s finished, the bypass machine is turned off
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이 과정이 λλ‚˜λ©΄ μΈκ³΅μ‹¬νκΈ°λŠ” 꺼지고
03:16
and blood is allowed to flow into the aorta.
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ν˜ˆμ•‘μ€ λŒ€λ™λ§₯을 흐λ₯΄κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:20
Doctors carefully monitor the new heart to ensure it’s beating on its own
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μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” 수용자의 κ°€μŠ΄μ„ λ‹«κΈ° 전에
μƒˆ 심μž₯이 슀슀둜 λ°•λ™ν•˜λŠ”μ§€λ₯Ό 주의 깊게 κ΄€μ°°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:24
before sewing the recipient back up.
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03:27
Even after the procedure is complete, there's still work to be done.
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이 과정이 λλ‚˜λ„ ν•  일이 μ—¬μ „νžˆ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:31
Surgeons are unable to directly connect the heart
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μ˜μ‚¬λ“€μ€ 수용자의 신경계와 μƒˆ 심μž₯을 직접 μ—°κ²°ν•  수 μ—†κ³ 
03:34
to the recipient’s nervous system,
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03:36
and it can take years for the body to fully innervate the new organ.
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신체가 신경을 μ™„μ „νžˆ μ—°κ²°ν•˜λŠ” 데에 μˆ˜λ…„μ΄ 걸릴 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
During this period, the transplanted organ has a higher resting heart rate
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이 κΈ°κ°„ λ™μ•ˆ, μ΄μ‹λœ μž₯기의
μ•ˆμ •μ‹œ μ‹¬λ°•μˆ˜κ°€ μ˜¬λΌκ°€κ³  λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ˜ μœ„ν—˜μ΄ λ†’μ•„μ Έ
03:47
and risk of stroke, making exercise difficult and dangerous.
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μš΄λ™μ€ μ–΄λ ΅κ³  μœ„ν—˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
And since it’s incredibly rare to find a perfect match
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κ³΅μ—¬μžμ™€ 수용자 μ‚¬μ΄μ˜ μ™„λ²½ν•œ μΌμΉ˜λŠ” λ¬΄μ²™μ΄λ‚˜ λ“œλ¬ΌκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—,
03:54
between donor and recipient,
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03:56
the immune system will also have some response to the new heart.
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λ©΄μ—­ 체계 μ—­μ‹œ μƒˆ 심μž₯에 λ°˜μ‘μ„ 보일 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:00
Immunosuppressive drugs can help manage the risk of rejection,
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λ©΄μ—­ μ–΅μ œμ œλŠ” κ±°λΆ€ λ°˜μ‘ μœ„ν—˜μ„ κ΄€λ¦¬ν•˜λŠ” 데 도움이 λ˜μ§€λ§Œ,
04:04
but they also leave patients open to contracting dangerous infections.
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ν™˜μžκ°€ μœ„ν—˜ν•œ 감염병에 걸릴 여지 λ˜ν•œ λ‚¨κΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:09
It requires constant monitoring and testing to balance these two concerns.
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지속적인 κ΄€μ°°κ³Ό 검사λ₯Ό 톡해 이 두 문제의 κ· ν˜•μ„ λ§žμΆ”μ–΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:14
Despite these challenges, about 70% of heart transplant recipients survive
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 어렀움에도 λΆˆκ΅¬ν•˜κ³ , 심μž₯ 이식 ν™˜μžλ“€μ˜ μ•½ 70%κ°€
04:19
for at least five years after the operation,
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수술 ν›„ μ΅œμ†Œ 5λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μƒμ‘΄ν•˜κ³ ,
04:22
and just over 20% live another 20 years.
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20%λ₯Ό 쑰금 λ„˜λŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ 수술 ν›„λ‘œ 20년을 더 μ‚½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
So when this procedure is successful, it's truly lifesaving.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ 이 μ ˆμ°¨κ°€ 성곡적이면 μ§„μ •μœΌλ‘œ 생λͺ…을 κ΅¬ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
Unfortunately, people in developing countries are often unable
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λΆˆν–‰ν•˜κ²Œλ„ κ°œλ°œλ„μƒκ΅­μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
λŒ€κ°œ 이 μˆ˜μˆ μ„ 받을 수 μ—†κ³ ,
04:33
to access this surgery,
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04:35
and many viable hearts can’t be donated due to legal and regulatory issues.
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μ ν•©ν•œ 심μž₯λ“€ λ‹€μˆ˜λŠ”
λ²•κ·œ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— κΈ°μ¦λ˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:41
Thousands of people remain on waiting lists,
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수천 λͺ…이 수술 λŒ€κΈ° λͺ…단에 있고,
04:44
and many are never able to find a suitable donor.
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ μ ν•©ν•œ κ³΅μ—¬μžλ₯Ό 찾지 λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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