Why are scientists obsessed with the Black Sea? - Helen Farr and Jon Adams

469,589 views ใƒป 2021-10-21

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: SUNGWON WI ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:07
It's midnight on September 16th, 2017,
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2017๋…„ 9์›” 16์ผ ์ž์ •,
00:11
60 kilometers off the Bulgarian coast
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๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋ฆฌ์•„ ํ•ด์•ˆ์—์„œ 60km ๋–จ์–ด์ง„ ๊ณณ์˜
ํ‘ํ•ด ์ˆ˜๋ฉด ์•„๋ž˜ 2km ์ง€์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:14
and 2 kilometers beneath the Black Seaโ€™s surface.
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00:16
A remotely operated vehicle surveys the seabed,
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์›๊ฒฉ ์ž‘๋™ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰ ํ•œ ๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ด์ €๋ฅผ ์กฐ์‚ฌํ•˜์—ฌ,
00:19
transmitting video to researchers above as it goes.
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์œ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์˜์ƒ์„ ์ „์†กํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
Suddenly, it discerns another ghostly vessel in the gloom.
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๊ฐ‘์ž๊ธฐ ๊ทธ ์ฐจ๋Ÿ‰์€ ์–ด๋‘  ์†์—์„œ ์œ ๋ น๊ฐ™์€ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋˜ ํ•œ ์ฒ™ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
But this is a relic from another age.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ์œ ๋ฌผ์ด๊ณ 
์˜์‹ฌํ•  ์—ฌ์ง€ ์—†์ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:29
It's an undoubtedly ancient shipwreck,
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00:31
but its mast, rowing benches, and some of its upper deck remain eerily intact.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๋ฐฐ์˜ ๋›๋Œ€, ๋…ธ ์ “๋Š” ์˜์ž, ๊ฐ‘ํŒ์€ ์ด์ƒํ•˜๋ฆฌ๋งŒ์น˜ ์˜จ์ „ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:37
It might be an ancient Roman ship, but its appearance doesnโ€™t quite match.
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๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋กœ๋งˆ์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋กœ ๋ณด์ผ ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์™ธ๊ด€์ด ์•„์ฃผ ๋‹ค๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:41
Notably, its splayed rudder blade more closely resembles
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ํŠนํžˆ, ๋ฐฉํ–ฅํƒ€์˜ ๋ฒŒ์–ด์ง„ ๋‚ ์€
๋” ์˜ค๋ž˜๋œ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๊ฝƒ๋ณ‘์— ๋ฌ˜์‚ฌ๋œ ๊ฒƒ๊ณผ ๋” ๋‹ฎ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:45
those depicted on an even older Greek vase.
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00:49
To get a definitive answer, the research team takes three samples from the wreck
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๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‹ต์„ ์–ป๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์€ ๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ์—์„œ ํ‘œ๋ณธ์„ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ ์ฑ„์ทจํ•˜๊ณ 
00:53
and radiocarbon dating confirms its ancient origins.
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๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์„ฑ ํƒ„์†Œ ์—ฐ๋Œ€ ์ธก์ •์„ ํ•ด์„œ ๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ์˜ ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ธฐ์›์„ ํ™•์ธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:57
The ship is dated to between 350 and 410 BCE.
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์ด ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 350๋…„์—์„œ 410๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
It is, in fact, the oldest intact shipwreck ever found.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค ์ด ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ์˜จ์ „ํ•œ ๋‚œํŒŒ์„  ์ค‘ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์˜ค๋ž˜ ๋œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:06
This ancient Greek vessel traversed the Black Seaโ€™s coasts
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์ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ์„ ๋ฐ•์€ ์•„๋ฆฌ์Šคํ† ํ…”๋ ˆ์Šค ๋•Œ์— ํ‘ํ•ด ์—ฐ์•ˆ์„ ๋‹ค๋…”๊ณ 
01:09
during the time of Aristotle and has since rested in its depths,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์— ์นจ๋ชฐํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚˜์„œ
01:13
unseen and undisturbed, for almost 2,500 years.
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๊ฑฐ์˜ 2,500๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ๋ˆˆ์— ๋„์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์กฐ์šฉํžˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
This was just one of 65 shipwrecks a research team discovered
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์ด ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ์—ฐ๊ตฌํŒ€์ด ํ‘ํ•ด ํ•ด์ €์—์„œ 2015๋…„์—์„œ 2017๋…„ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ
01:21
at the bottom of the Black Sea between 2015 and 2017.
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๋‚œํŒŒ์„  65์ฒ™ ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜์— ๋ถˆ๊ณผํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:25
Others date from the Roman, Byzantine, and Ottoman empires.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์€ ๋กœ๋งˆ, ๋น„์ž”ํ‹ด ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์˜ค์Šค๋งŒ ์ œ๊ตญ ์‹œ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:28
And despite the centuries, theyโ€™ve all survived in remarkable condition.
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์ˆ˜ ์„ธ๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€๋‚ฌ์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋ฐฐ๋“ค ๋ชจ๋‘ ์ตœ์ƒ์˜ ์ƒํƒœ๋กœ ๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:32
So, why does the Black Sea contain so many well-preserved shipwrecks?
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์™œ ํ‘ํ•ด์—๋Š” ์ž˜ ๋ณด์กด๋œ ๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ์ด ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งŽ์ด ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
01:37
In prehistoric times,
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์„ ์‚ฌ์‹œ๋Œ€์— ํ‘ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋‘˜๋Ÿฌ์‹ผ ๋•…์€ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜ ์ •์ฐฉ์ง€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
the land surrounding the Black Sea hosted early human settlements.
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01:42
Eventually, it became a hub for trade, battle, and empire-building
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ, ๊ทธ ๋•…์€ ๋ฌด์—ญ, ์ „ํˆฌ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ œ๊ตญ ๊ฑด์„ค์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ง€๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:46
because of its strategic position
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์ „๋žต์ ์ธ ์œ„์น˜๋กœ์„œ
01:48
between eastern and western Eurasian civilizations.
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์œ ๋ผ์‹œ์•„ ๋ฌธ๋ช…์˜ ๋™๋ถ€์™€ ์„œ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ์ด์— ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:52
For thousands of years, it was traversed by merchants, pirates, and warriors.
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์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ, ์ƒ์ธ๋“ค, ํ•ด์ ๋“ค, ์ „์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ์ด ๋ฐ”๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฑด๋„œ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
And with sustained seafaring activity came inevitable losses.
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์ง€์†์ ์ธ ํ•ญํ•ด ํ™œ๋™์€ ํ”ผํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ์†์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ€์ ธ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—ญ๊ณผ๋Š” ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ,
02:01
But unlike other bodies of water in the region,
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02:03
the Black Sea is a particularly deep, semi-enclosed basin.
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ํ‘ํ•ด๋Š” ์ค€ ํ์‡„ํ˜•์˜ ์•„์ฃผ ๊นŠ์€ ํ•ด์—ญ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
Seasonal changes usually cause the layers within a contained body of water
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๊ณ„์ ˆ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต ์ˆ˜์—ญ ๋‚ด์˜ ์ธต๋“ค์„
02:12
to mix together, oxygenating the water.
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์„ž์–ด์„œ ๋ฌผ์— ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
But because the Black Sea is fed with fresh water from European rivers,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‘ํ•ด๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ฐ•์—์„œ ํ˜๋Ÿฌ์˜ค๋Š” ๋‹ด์ˆ˜์™€
02:19
and saltwater from the Mediterranean Sea, it contains two distinct layers.
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์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์—์„œ ์˜ค๋Š” ์—ผ์ˆ˜๋กœ ์ฑ„์›Œ์ง€๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์—
๋ช…ํ™•ํ•œ ๋‘ ์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
The denser saltwater flows beneath the freshwater,
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๋ฐ€๋„๊ฐ€ ๋†’์€ ์—ผ์ˆ˜๋Š” ๋‹ด์ˆ˜ ์•„๋ž˜๋กœ ํ๋ฆ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:27
where it remains permanently,
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์˜์›ํžˆ ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋‚จ๊ฒŒ๋˜๊ณ ,
02:29
making the Black Sea the worldโ€™s largest meromicticโ€” or un-mixingโ€” basin.
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ํ‘ํ•ด๋ฅผ ์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ์˜๊ตฌ ์ธตํ™” (ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š”)์œ ์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:34
Oxygen doesnโ€™t reach its lower, saltier zone,
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์‚ฐ์†Œ๋Š” ์•„๋ž˜ ์—ผ์ˆ˜์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๊ณ 
02:37
which creates the ideal environment for preservation,
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๋ณด์กด์— ์ด์ƒ์ ์ธ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์„ ์กฐ์„ฑํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
and is why the Black Sea has been called โ€œthe worldโ€™s biggest pickle jar.โ€
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โ€์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ํ”ผํด ๋‹จ์ง€โ€๋ผ๊ณ  ํ‘ํ•ด๋ฅผ ๋ถ€๋ฅด๋Š” ์ด์œ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:45
In other bodies of water, marine organisms decompose materials over time.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ˆ˜์—ญ์—์„œ ํ•ด์–‘ ์œ ๊ธฐ์ฒด๋Š” ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚จ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:50
Had the ancient Greek ship sunk in the Mediterranean, for example,
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์ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ์Šค ๋ฐฐ๊ฐ€ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด์— ์นจ๋ชฐํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
02:54
there would likely be no organic material left today.
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ํ˜„์žฌ ์–ด๋А ์œ ๊ธฐ ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋„ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์ง€ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:57
But in the depths of the Black Sea,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ํ‘ํ•ด ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š”
02:59
only anaerobic bacteriaโ€” those that donโ€™t require oxygenโ€” can survive.
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์˜ค์ง ์‚ฐ์†Œ๋ฅผ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๋Š” ํ˜๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๋งŒ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:04
This is why ancient ships can still be found carrying their original cargo,
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๊ทธ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๊ณ ๋Œ€์˜ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์ด ์›๋ž˜ ํ™”๋ฌผ์„ ์‹ค์€ ์ฑ„๋กœ,
03:08
with carvings in their wood, and their rigging still assembled.
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๋‚˜๋ฌด์— ์ƒˆ๊ธด ์กฐ๊ฐ๊ณผ ๋›๋Œ€๊ฐ€ ๋ถ™์–ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์ฑ„๋กœ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Among the recent findings was a medieval Italian merchant ship,
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋œ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค ์ค‘์— ์ค‘์„ธ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์ƒ์„ ์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
03:16
likely from around the time Italy had a virtual monopoly over Black Sea trade.
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๊ทธ ๋‹น์‹œ ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ํ‘ํ•ด ๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ์‹ค์งˆ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์žฅ์•…ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Œ์„ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:21
Venetian traveler Marco Polo wouldโ€™ve probably been familiar
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๋ฐฐ๋„ค์น˜์•„ ์—ฌํ–‰์ž ๋งˆ๋ฅด์ฝ” ํด๋กœ๋Š” ์•„๋งˆ๋„ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐฐ์— ์ต์ˆ™ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:25
with this kind of ship.
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03:27
Although vessels like this one helped to modernize Europe,
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๋น„๋ก ์ด์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์„ ๋ฐ•๋“ค์ด ์œ ๋Ÿฝ์˜ ๊ทผ๋Œ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋„์™”์ง€๋งŒ,
03:30
contemporary scholars had never before seen such a complete example.
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ํ˜„๋Œ€ ํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณธ ์ ์€ ์—†์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And it was largely intactโ€”
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์ด ๋ฐฐ๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์˜ ์†์ƒ์ด ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์œผ๋ฉฐ ๊ฐ‘ํŒ ์œ„์—๋Š” ๋ณดํŠธ๊ฐ€ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:36
a shipโ€™s boat still lying on its deck,
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03:38
even though some seven centuries had passed.
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700๋…„์ด ํ˜๋ €๋Š”๋ฐ๋„ ๋ง์ด์ฃ .
03:41
Many of the 65 ships that were recently uncovered
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์ตœ๊ทผ์— ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค 65์ฒ™ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๊ฐ€
03:44
have retained their original forms.
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์›๋ž˜์˜ ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ์œ ์ง€ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
But while there are far fewer degradative forces at play in the Black Seaโ€™s depths,
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ํ‘ํ•ด ๊นŠ์€ ๊ณณ์—์„œ๋Š” ๋ถ„ํ•ด ์ž‘์šฉ์ด ํ›จ์”ฌ ๋œ ์ž‘์šฉํ•˜๊ธด ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
03:51
anaerobic bacteria do gradually weaken organic materials.
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ํ˜๊ธฐ์„ฑ ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„ ์—ญ์‹œ ์œ ๊ธฐ๋ฌผ์งˆ๋“ค์„ ์ ์ฐจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์•ฝํ™”์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:55
When researchers lifted a plank from the ancient Greek wreck for dating,
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›๋“ค์ด ์—ฐ๋Œ€์ธก์ •์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ๊ณ ๋Œ€ ๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ์˜ ๋‚˜๋ฌดํŒ์ž๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ์ž,
03:59
it broke under its own weight.
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๊ทธ ํŒ์ž ์ž์ฒด์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋กœ ๋ถ€์„œ์กŒ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:01
While the ships are exceptionally well-preserved, they're also fragile.
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๋ฐฐ๋“ค์ด ์œ ๋‚œํžˆ ์ž˜ ๋ณด์กด๋˜์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ ์—ญ์‹œ ๋ถ€์„œ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:05
This makes it impossible to bring them to the surface intact.
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๊ทธ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด์ˆ˜๋ฉด ๋ฐ–์œผ๋กœ ์˜จ์ „ํžˆ ์˜ฌ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜์ฃ .
04:09
Scientists may carefully remove and study select objects from the wreckages.
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๊ณผํ•™์ž๋“ค์€ ๋‚œํŒŒ์„ ์—์„œ ๋Œ€์ƒ์„ ์„ ๋ณ„ํ•˜๊ณ 
์กฐ์‹ฌ์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ฒŒ ์›€์ง์—ฌ์„œ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:13
But the sunken ships will remain protected where they are,
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์นจ๋ชฐํ•œ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค์€ ๊ทธ ์ž๋ฆฌ์— ๋ณด์กด๋  ๊ฒƒ์ด๊ณ 
04:17
perhaps among thousands of othersโ€”
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์•„๋งˆ๋„ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฐ๋“ค ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ์ฒ™๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
04:19
deep beneath us, suspended in time, at the bottom of the Black Sea.
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ํ‘ํ•ด ๋ฐ‘๋ฐ”๋‹ฅ์—์„œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋ฉˆ์ถ˜ ์ฑ„ ๋‚จ์•„์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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