How the Suez Canal changed the world - Lucia Carminati

783,788 views ใƒป 2022-05-03

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: SOHYE PARK ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:11
In March 2021, fierce winds blew a container ship off course.
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2021๋…„ 3์›”, ๊ฑฐ์„ผ ๋ฐ”๋žŒ์œผ๋กœ ์ปจํ…Œ์ด๋„ˆ์„ ์ด ํ•ญ๋กœ๋ฅผ ์ดํƒˆํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
In most places, this would have caused a minor incident.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๊ณณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ๊ฐ€๋ฒผ์šด ์‚ฌ๊ณ ๋กœ ๋๋‚  ์ผ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
But in the Suez Canal, it was a global crisis.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ˆ˜์—์ฆˆ ์šดํ•˜์—์„œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์œ„๊ธฐ๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:22
This vessel wasnโ€™t just blocking other shipsโ€”
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์„ ๋ฐ• ํ•œ ์ฒ™์ด ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์„ ๋ฐ•๋“ค์„ ๊ทธ์ € ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ,
00:25
It was obstructing the flow of international trade
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์„ธ๊ณ„์—์„œ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ˆ˜๋กœ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰์•„์„œ
00:28
through one of the worldโ€™s most important waterways.
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๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฌด์—ญ์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์„ ๋ฐฉํ•ดํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
The site of the Suez Canal has been of interest to rulers of this region
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์ˆ˜์—์ฆˆ ์šดํ•˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ธฐ์›์ „ 2000๋…„ ์ด์ „๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
00:35
as far back as the second millennium BCE.
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์ด ์ง€์—ญ ํ†ต์น˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์˜ ๋Œ€์ƒ์ด์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
To move goods between Asia and the Mediterranean basin,
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์•„์‹œ์•„์™€ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ์œ ์—ญ ์‚ฌ์ด์—์„œ ์ƒํ’ˆ์„ ์˜ฎ๊ธฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
00:42
traders had to traverse the narrow isthmus separating the Red Sea and the Nile,
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๋ฌด์—ญ์ƒ๋“ค์€ ํ™ํ•ด์™€ ๋‚˜์ผ๊ฐ• ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ์ข์€ ์ง€ํ˜‘์„ ๊ฐ€๋กœ์งˆ๋Ÿฌ์•ผ๋งŒ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
00:47
journeying in camel-bound caravans through the unforgiving desert.
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๋‚™ํƒ€๋ฅผ ๋Œ๊ณ  ํ—˜ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์„ ์ด๋™ํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:52
A maritime passage between the Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea
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์ธ๋„์–‘๊ณผ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ์‚ฌ์ด์— ํ•ด์ƒ ํ†ต๋กœ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด
00:57
would bypass this trip altogether.
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์—ฌ์ •์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ธ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:59
And throughout the 16th century,
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16์„ธ๊ธฐ ๋‚ด๋‚ด
01:01
multiple powers attempted to construct such a canal.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ•๋Œ€๊ตญ์ด ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ฑด์„คํ•˜๋ ค๊ณ  ์‹œ๋„ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:05
But their plans were obstructed by cost, political strife,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์€ ๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ž๊ธˆ, ์ •์น˜์  ๊ฐˆ๋“ฑ,
01:09
and the ever-shifting sands.
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๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ๋ฐ€๋ ค์˜ค๋Š” ๋ชจ๋ž˜์— ๊ฐ€๋กœ๋ง‰ํ˜”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:11
In 1798, interest in building a canal was rekindled,
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1798๋…„, ์šดํ•˜ ๊ฑด์„ค์— ๊ด€ํ•œ ๊ด€์‹ฌ์ด ๋˜์‚ด์•„๋‚ฌ๊ณ 
01:15
this time attracting attention from across Europe.
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์ด๋ฒˆ์—๋Š” ์œ ๋Ÿฝ ์ „์—ญ์ด ์ฃผ๋ชฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:19
Over the following decades, individuals from Austria, Italy, Britain, and France
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๊ทธ ํ›„ ์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ ์˜ค์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์ดํƒˆ๋ฆฌ์•„, ์˜๊ตญ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์ธ๋“ค์ด
01:26
pitched their plans to Egyptโ€™s rulers.
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ํ†ต์น˜์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ๋“ค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ํˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
At the time, Egypt was a territory of the Ottoman Empire,
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๋‹น์‹œ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋Š” ์˜ค์Šค๋งŒ ์ œ๊ตญ์˜ ์ง€๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
01:32
which was resistant to these proposals.
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋Ÿฐ ์ œ์•ˆ๋“ค์„ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
But Egypt's political and economic autonomy was gradually increasing,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ์ •์น˜์ , ๊ฒฝ์ œ์  ์ž์น˜๊ถŒ์ด ์ ์  ์ปค์ง€๋ฉด์„œ
01:40
and its government was eager to pursue the project.
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ์ •๋ถ€๋Š” ์ด ์‚ฌ์—…์˜ ์ถ”์ง„์„ ์—ด๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:43
When Saโ€™id Pasha came into power in 1854, he approved a plan
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1854๋…„์— ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ์žก์€ ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ํŒŒ์ƒค๋Š”,
์ง„์ทจ์ ์ด๊ณ  ๊ตํ™œํ•œ ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค ์™ธ๊ต๊ด€,
01:48
from the enterprising and manipulative French diplomat Ferdinand de Lesseps.
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ํŽ˜๋ฅด๋””๋‚ญ ๋“œ ๋ ˆ์…‰์Šค์˜ ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์Šน์ธํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
Signed in 1854 and 1856, a pair of concessions gave de Lesseps
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1854๋…„๊ณผ 1856๋…„์— ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋œ ํŠน๊ถŒ ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋กœ,
๋“œ ๋ฅด์…‰์Šค๋Š” ์ˆ˜์—์ฆˆ ์šดํ•˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ•˜๊ณ 
01:59
authority to establish the Suez Canal Company
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02:01
and finance it by selling shares to โ€œcapitalists of all nations.โ€
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ตญ๊ฐ€์˜ ์ž๋ณธ๊ฐ€๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ถ„์„ ๋งค๊ฐํ•˜์—ฌ
์ž๊ธˆ์„ ์กฐ๋‹ฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ถŒํ•œ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
The contracts between Saโ€™id Pasha and the Canal Company
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์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ ํŒŒ์ƒค์™€ ์šดํ•˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜ ๊ณ„์•ฝ์€
02:10
also promised a workforce of hundreds of thousands of Egyptian workers.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ๋งŒ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž์˜ ๋…ธ๋™๋ ฅ๋„ ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:15
Beginning in 1862, about 20,000 laborers were forcibly recruited every month,
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1862๋…„๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•ด์„œ
๋…ธ๋™์ž๊ฐ€ ๋งค๋‹ฌ ์•ฝ 2๋งŒ ๋ช…์”ฉ ๊ฐ•์ œ ์ง•์ง‘๋˜์–ด
02:22
digging the canal in harsh desert conditions
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์—ด์•…ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋ง‰์—์„œ ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ ํŒŒ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:25
without easy access to food or water.
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์‹๋Ÿ‰์ด๋‚˜ ๋ฌผ์€ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ๊ตฌํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Diseases like cholera ran rampant and workers toiled under the threat of whips.
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์ฝœ๋ ˆ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์งˆ๋ณ‘์ด ๊ฑท์žก์„ ์ˆ˜ ์—†์ด ๋ฒˆ์กŒ๊ณ 
๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€ ์ฑ„์ฐ์œผ๋กœ ์œ„ํ˜‘๋ฐ›์œผ๋ฉฐ ํž˜๋“ค๊ฒŒ ์ผํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:33
The estimates of those who died during construction range into the thousands.
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๊ฑด์„ค ์ค‘ ์‚ฌ๋งํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ์ˆ˜์ฒœ ๋ช…์— ์ด๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ์ถ”์ •๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:38
In 1864, the new Egyptian ruler, Ismaโ€™il Pasha,
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1864๋…„ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ†ต์น˜์ž ์ด์Šค๋งˆ์ผ ํŒŒ์ƒค๊ฐ€
02:43
put an end to the coerced Egyptian labor,
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์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์ธ ๊ฐ•์ œ ๋…ธ์—ญ์— ์ข…์ง€๋ถ€๋ฅผ ์ฐ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
02:45
but he still pressed forward with construction.
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์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ๊ฑด์„ค์„ ๊ฐ•ํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:49
Foreign workers from all over Europe and the Middle East
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์œ ๋Ÿฝ๊ณผ ์ค‘๋™ ์ „์—ญ์—์„œ ์˜จ ์™ธ๊ตญ์ธ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์€
02:52
labored alongside dredgers and bucket excavators
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์ค€์„ค๊ธฐ์™€ ๊ตด์ฐฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ด์„œ
02:55
to remove 74 million cubic meters of dirt.
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ํ™์„ ์น ์ฒœ์‚ฌ๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ์„ธ์ œ๊ณฑ๋ฏธํ„ฐ ํผ๋ƒˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:59
This massive population of workers required infrastructure
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๋ง‰๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋…ธ๋™์ž๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ ์‹œ์„ค์„ ์„ค์น˜ํ•ด์„œ
์‹์ˆ˜์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ณด๊ธ‰ํ’ˆ์„ ์ˆ˜์†กํ•ด์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:03
to deliver drinking water and other supplies,
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03:06
giving rise to a flourishing economy of restaurants, brothels, and smuggled goods.
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์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์‹๋‹น, ๋งค์ถ˜์—…์†Œ, ๋ฐ€์ˆ˜ํ’ˆ ๊ฒฝ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฒˆ์ฐฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
Amidst the bustle were born three new cities with multi-ethnic populations:
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๋ถ์ƒˆํ†ต ์†์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๋ฏผ์กฑ์ด ์‚ฌ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋„์‹œ๊ฐ€ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ ํƒ„์ƒํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:17
Port Said on the northern Mediterranean shore,
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๋ถ๋ถ€ ์ง€์ค‘ํ•ด ํ•ด์•ˆ์˜ ํฌํŠธ ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ,
03:21
Ismailia on the canal's middle tract,
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์šดํ•˜ ์ค‘๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ญ์˜ ์ด์Šค๋งˆ์ผ๋ฆฌ์•„,
03:24
and Port Tewfiq, at the southern edge of the canal.
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์šดํ•˜ ๋‚จ์ชฝ ๋์˜ ํฌํŠธ ํˆฌํ”ผํฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:27
The construction site bypassed the Nile and ran directly from Port Said to Suez.
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๊ฑด์„ค ํ˜„์žฅ์€ ๋‚˜์ผ๊ฐ•์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ๋›ฐ๊ณ 
ํฌํŠธ์‚ฌ์ด๋“œ์—์„œ ์ˆ˜์—์ฆˆ ์šดํ•˜๋กœ ์งํ–‰ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
And after years of work, the streams of the two seas finally began merging
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๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„์˜ ๊ณต์‚ฌ ๋์— ๋‘ ๋ฐ”๋‹ค์˜ ํ๋ฆ„์ด
๋งˆ์นจ๋‚ด 1860๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ํ•ฉ์ณ์ง€๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:38
in the mid-1860s.
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03:40
The finished canal was 164 kilometers long,
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์™„๊ณต๋œ ์šดํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธธ์ด 164ํ‚ฌ๋กœ๋ฏธํ„ฐ,
03:44
with a width of 56 meters at the surface,
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ํ‘œ๋ฉด์—์„œ ๋„ˆ๋น„ 56m์ด๊ณ 
03:47
and it was officially inaugurated on November 17th, 1869.
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1869๋…„ 11์›” 17์ผ์— ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐœํ†ต๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:52
While it struggled financially during its first few years,
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์šดํ•˜๋Š” ์ฒ˜์Œ ๋ช‡ ๋…„๊ฐ„ ์žฌ์ •์ ์ธ ์–ด๋ ค์›€์„ ๊ฒช์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ,
03:55
the canal ended up dramatically accelerating global trade.
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๊ฒฐ๊ตญ์—๋Š” ์„ธ๊ณ„ ๋ฌด์—ญ์„ ๊ทน์ ์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€์†ํ™”ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:58
It also facilitated the migration of numerous marine species,
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์ˆ˜๋งŽ์€ ํ•ด์–‘ ์ข…์˜ ์ด๋™๋„ ์ด‰์ง„ํ•˜์—ฌ
04:02
dramatically changing local ecosystems and cuisine.
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์ง€์—ญ ์ƒํƒœ๊ณ„์™€ ์Œ์‹์— ์ธ์ƒ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
Over the decades, traffic through the canal grew.
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์ˆ˜์‹ญ ๋…„ ๋™์•ˆ, ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ตํ†ต๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ฆ๊ฐ€ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:10
But in 1875,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ 1875๋…„์— ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋Š” ์žฌ์ •๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ
04:12
financial issues forced Egypt to sell much of its stock in the Canal Company,
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์šดํ•˜ ํšŒ์‚ฌ ์ฃผ์‹์˜ ์ƒ๋‹น๋Ÿ‰์„ ํŒ”์•„์•ผ ํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
04:17
allowing Britain to take over.
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์˜๊ตญ์ด ์ด๋ฅผ ์ธ์ˆ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
It was only in 1956 that control of the canal fully reverted to Egypt
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1956๋…„์—์„œ์•ผ ์šดํ•˜์˜ ํ†ต์ œ๊ถŒ์ด ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ๋กœ ์™„์ „ํžˆ ๋ฐ˜ํ™˜๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:24
when it was nationalized by President Gamal Abdel Nasser.
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๊ทธ๋•Œ ๋Œ€ํ†ต๋ น ๊ฐ€๋ง ์••๋ธ ๋‚˜์„ธ๋ฅด๊ฐ€ ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ ๊ตญ์œ ํ™”ํ•˜์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
This move sparked a military standoff
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์ด๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์›€์ง์ž„์€ ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์™€ ์˜๊ตญ, ํ”„๋ž‘์Šค, ์ด์Šค๋ผ์—˜ ์‚ฌ์ด์˜
04:31
between Egypt and Britain, France, and Israel.
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๊ตฐ์‚ฌ์  ๋Œ€์น˜ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„ ์ด‰๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:34
But once resolved,
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋‚˜ ์ผ๋‹จ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ด ๋˜์ž,
04:36
it transformed the canal into a major source of Egypt's national revenue
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์šดํ•˜๋Š” ์ด์ง‘ํŠธ์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์ˆ˜์ž… ์›์ฒœ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€๋ชจํ–ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:40
and helped redeem the canal's imperialist legacy.
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์šดํ•˜์˜ ์ œ๊ตญ์ฃผ์˜ ์œ ์‚ฐ์„ ์ฒญ์‚ฐํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฐ ๋„์›€์ด ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Today, nearly 30% of all global ship traffic passes through the Suez Canal,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚ , ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์„ ๋ฐ• ์ˆ˜์†ก์˜ ์•ฝ 30%๊ฐ€
์ˆ˜์—์ฆˆ ์šดํ•˜๋ฅผ ํ†ต๊ณผํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ
04:49
totaling over 20,000 ships in 2021.
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2021๋…„์—๋Š” ๋ชจ๋‘ 2๋งŒ ์ฒ™์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„ฐ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:52
However, the incident of the Ever Given is a stark reminder
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—๋ฒ„ ๊ธฐ๋ธํ˜ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์€
์ธ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งŒ๋“  ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ์ทจ์•ฝํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š”์ง€
04:56
of just how fragile our manmade systems can be.
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์ ๋‚˜๋ผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ƒˆ๊ฒจ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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