How does alcohol make you drunk? - Judy Grisel

8,483,498 views ใƒป 2020-04-09

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: KyoungHwan Oh ๊ฒ€ํ† : Eunice Yunjung Nam
00:07
Ethanol: this molecule, made of little more than a few carbon atoms,
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์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๋ถ„์ž๋Š” ๋ช‡๊ฐœ์˜ ํƒ„์†Œ์›์ž๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์กŒ์œผ๋ฉฐ,
00:12
is responsible for drunkenness.
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์ˆ ์ด ์ทจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผ๋ฒ”์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:15
Often simply referred to as alcohol,
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ํ”ํžˆ ์•Œ์ฝœ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ์šฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๋Š”,
00:17
ethanol is the active ingredient in alcoholic beverages.
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์—ํƒ„์˜ฌ์€ ์•Œ์ฝœ ์Œ๋ฃŒ์˜ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์„ฑ๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:21
Its simplicity helps it sneak across membranes
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๊ทธ ๋‹จ์ˆœํ•œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ํ”ผ๋ง‰์— ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์นจํˆฌํ•ด
00:23
and nestle into a many different nooks,
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ตฌ์„์— ์ž๋ฆฌ์žก๊ณ ,
00:26
producing a wide range of effects compared to other, clunkier molecules.
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๋” ํˆฌ๋ฐ•ํ•œ ๋ถ„์ž๋“ค๋ณด๋‹ค ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋ƒ…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:31
So how exactly does it cause drunkenness,
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ์ •ํ™•ํžˆ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ์ทจํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
00:33
and why does it have dramatically different effects on different people?
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์™œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋งค์šฐ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:38
To answer these questions,
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์ด ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ,
00:40
weโ€™ll need to follow alcohol on its journey through the body.
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์•Œ์ฝœ์ด ์‚ฌ๋žŒ ๋ชธ์—์„œ ์ง€๋‚˜๊ฐ€๋Š” ๊ธธ์„ ๋”ฐ๋ผ๊ฐ€ ๋ณผ ํ•„์š”๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:43
Alcohol lands in the stomach and is absorbed into the blood
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์•Œ์ฝœ์€ ์œ„์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ›„์— ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ํก์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:47
through the digestive tract, especially the small intestine.
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์†Œํ™”๊ด€, ํŠนํžˆ ์†Œ์žฅ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด์„œ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ํก์ˆ˜ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:51
The contents of the stomach impact alcoholโ€™s ability
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์œ„์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๋‚ด์šฉ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ด ์•Œ์ฝœ์˜ ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์น˜๋Š”๋ฐ
00:53
to get into the blood because after eating, the pyloric sphincter,
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๊ธฐ ์ „์— ์œ ๋ฌธ ๊ด„์•ฝ๊ทผ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š”
00:57
which separates the stomach from the small intestine, closes.
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์œ„์™€ ์†Œ์žฅ์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ด ๋‹ซํžˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:01
So the level of alcohol that reaches the blood after a big meal
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์ฆ‰, ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ๋งŽ์ด ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋‚œ ํ›„์— ๋งˆ์‹  ์•Œ์ฝœ์€
01:04
might only be a quarter that from the same drink on an empty stomach.
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๋นˆ ์†์— ๋งˆ์‹  ์•Œ์ฝœ์ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅด๋Š” ์–‘์˜ 4๋ถ„์˜ 1 ์ •๋„์ผ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
From the blood, alcohol goes to the organs,
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ๋‹ค๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ดํ›„, ์•Œ์ฝœ์€ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ,
01:11
especially those that get the most blood flow:
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ํŠนํžˆ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์ด ๋ชจ์ด๋Š”
01:14
the liver and the brain.
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๊ฐ„๊ณผ ๋‡Œ๋กœ ๊ฐ‘๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:16
It hits the liver first, and enzymes in the liver
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์šฐ์„  ๊ฐ„์œผ๋กœ ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ, ๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ํšจ์†Œ๊ฐ€
01:19
break down the alcohol molecule in two steps.
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์•Œ์ฝœ ๋ถ„์ž๋ฅผ ๋‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:22
First, an enzyme called ADH turns alcohol into acetaldehyde, which is toxic.
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ, ADH ํšจ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ์•Œ์ฝœ์„ ๋…์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ์•„์„ธํŠธ์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:29
Then, an enzyme called ALDH converts the toxic acetaldehyde to non-toxic acetate.
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๊ทธ ์•„์„ธํŠธ์•Œ๋ฐํžˆ๋“œ๋ฅผ ALDH ํšจ์†Œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฌด๋…์„ฑ์˜ ์•„์„ธํ…Œ์ดํŠธ๋กœ ๋ฐ”๊ฟ‰๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:36
As the blood circulates, the liver eliminates alcohol continuouslyโ€”
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ํ˜ˆ์•ก์ด ์ˆœํ™˜ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ, ๊ฐ„์€ ์•Œ์ฝœ์„ ๋Š์ž„์—†์ด ์ œ๊ฑฐํ•ด ๊ฐ€๋Š”๋ฐ
01:40
but this first pass of elimination determines how much alcohol
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์ด ์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ์ œ๊ฑฐ ๊ณผ์ •์ด ์–ผ๋งˆ๋‚˜ ๋งŽ์€ ์•Œ์ฝœ์ด
01:44
reaches the brain and other organs.
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๋‡Œ์™€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์žฅ๊ธฐ์— ๊ฐ€๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”์ง€ ๊ฒฐ์ •ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:47
Brain sensitivity is responsible for the emotional, cognitive,
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์•Œ์ฝœ ํ˜น์€ ์ˆ ์ทจํ•จ์˜ ํ–‰๋™์ , ์ธ์ง€์ , ๊ฐ์ •์  ํšจ๊ณผ๋Š”
01:51
and behavioral effects of alcoholโ€” otherwise known as drunkenness.
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๋‡Œ์˜ ์˜ˆ๋ฏผํ•จ์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:56
Alcohol turns up the brainโ€™s primary brake, the neurotransmitter GABA,
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์•Œ์ฝœ์€ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๋ธŒ๋ ˆ์ดํฌ์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ GABA ๋ฅผ ์ผœ๊ณ ,
02:01
and turns down its primary gas, the neurotransmitter glutamate.
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๊ธฐ๋ณธ ๊ฐ€์Šค์ธ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ „๋‹ฌ๋ฌผ์งˆ ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
This makes neurons much less communicative,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ ๋‹จ์œ„์ธ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์ด ์˜์‚ฌ์†Œํ†ต์„ ๋œํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉฐ
02:08
and users feel relaxed at moderate doses, fall asleep at higher doses,
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์ˆ ์„ ์ ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด ๊ธด์žฅ์„ ํ’€๊ฒŒํ•˜๊ณ , ๋” ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ž ๋“ค๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ,
02:13
and can impede the brain activity necessary for survival at toxic doses.
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๋” ์‹ฌํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜ค์ง ์ƒ์กด์— ํ•„์š”ํ•œ ๋‡Œ ํ™œ๋™๋งŒ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:19
Alcohol also stimulates a small group of neurons
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์•Œ์ฝœ์€ ์ž‘์€ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์˜ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์„ ์ž๊ทนํ•˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:22
that extends from the midbrain to the nucleus accumbens,
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์ด ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์€ ์ค‘๋‡Œ์—์„œ ํ•ต์ถ•์ ๊นŒ์ง€ ๊ฑธ์ณ ์žˆ๋Š”๋ฐ,
02:25
a region important for motivation.
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๋™๊ธฐ๋ถ€์—ฌ์— ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์—ญํ• ์„ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ถ€๋ถ„์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:28
Like all addictive drugs,
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์ค‘๋…์„ฑ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ฝ๋ฌผ๋“ค์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ,
02:29
it prompts a squirt of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens
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ํ•ต์ถ•์ ์— ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ์„ ๋ถ„์ถœ์‹œ์ผœ
02:32
which gives users a surge of pleasure.
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์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹  ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์—๊ฒŒ ์ˆœ๊ฐ„์ ์ธ ์ฆ๊ฑฐ์›€์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:36
Alcohol also causes some neurons to synthesize and release endorphins.
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๋˜ํ•œ ์ผ๋ถ€ ๋‰ด๋Ÿฐ์ด ์•Œ์ฝœ์„ ํ•ฉ์„ฑํ•˜์—ฌ ์—”๋Œํ•€์„ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:40
Endorphins help us to calm down in response to stress or danger.
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์—”๋Œํ•€์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์ŠคํŠธ๋ ˆ์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์œ„ํ—˜์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์„๋•Œ ์นจ์ฐฉํ•ด์ง€๋„๋ก ํ•ด์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:44
Elevated levels of endorphins contribute to the euphoria
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์—”๋Œํ•€์ด ๋งŽ์ด ์ƒ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฉด ๊ทนํ•œ์˜ ํ–‰๋ณต๊ฐ๊ณผ
02:47
and relaxation associated with alcohol consumption.
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ํŽธ์•ˆํ•จ์„ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์•Œ์ฝœ์˜ ์„ญ์ทจ๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ๊ด€๋ จ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
Finally,
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02:51
as the liverโ€™s breakdown of alcohol outpaces the brainโ€™s absorption,
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๋งˆ์ง€๋ง‰์œผ๋กœ,
๊ฐ„์—์„œ ๋ถ„ํ•ด๋œ ์•Œ์ฝœ์˜ ์–‘์ด ๋‡Œ์— ํก์ˆ˜ ๋˜๋Š” ์–‘๋ณด๋‹ค ๋งŽ์œผ๋ฉด,
02:55
drunkenness fades away.
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์ˆ ์ทจํ•จ์€ ์‚ฌ๋ผ์ง€๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ฃ .
02:58
Individual differences at any point in this journey
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์ด ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ์˜ ๊ฐœ์ธ์ฐจ์— ์˜ํ•ด
03:00
can cause people to act more or less drunk.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ ์— ๋” ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๋œ ์ทจํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:03
For example, a man and a woman who weigh the same and drink the same amount
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์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ๋“ค์–ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ฒด์ค‘์˜ ํ•œ ๋‚จ์ž์™€ ์—ฌ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์˜ ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์…จ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:07
during an identical meal will still have different blood alcohol concentrations,
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๊ฐ™์€ ์‹์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋Š” ๋„์ค‘์ด๋ผ๋„
ํ˜ˆ์•ก์— ํก์ˆ˜๋˜๋Š” ์•Œ์ฝœ์˜ ์–‘์ธ BAC์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:12
or BACs.
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03:14
This is because women tend to have less bloodโ€”
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ฒด๋‚ด ํ˜ˆ์•ก๋Ÿ‰์ด ๋” ์ ๊ณ 
03:17
women generally have a higher percentage of fat,
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์ด ์ง€๋ฐฉ๋Ÿ‰์€ ๋” ๋งŽ์€๋ฐ,
์ด๊ฑด ์ง€๋ฐฉ์ด ๊ทผ์œก๋ณด๋‹ค๋Š” ํ˜ˆ์•ก์„ ๋œ ํ•„์š”๋กœ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
03:20
which requires less blood than muscle.
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03:22
A smaller blood volume, carrying the same amount of alcohol,
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์ ์€ ์–‘์˜ ํ˜ˆ์•ก์—, ๊ฐ™์€ ์–‘์˜ ์•Œ์ฝœ์ด ๋“ค์–ด๊ฐ„๋‹ค๋ฉด,
03:25
means the concentration will be higher for women.
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์—ฌ์„ฑ์—๊ฒŒ ์•Œ์ฝœ ์ง‘์ค‘๋„๊ฐ€ ๋” ๋†’์•„์ง„๋‹ค๋Š” ๋œป์ด๊ฒ ์ฃ .
03:29
Genetic differences in the liverโ€™s alcohol processing enzymes also influence BAC.
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๊ฐ„์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์•Œ์ฝœ ๋ถ„ํ•ดํšจ์†Œ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์ฐจ์ด๋„ BAC์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:34
And regular drinking can increase production of these enzymes,
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์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํšจ์†Œ์˜ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ๋Š˜๋ฆฌ๊ฒŒ ๋˜์–ด,
03:37
contributing to tolerance.
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์ˆ ์— ๋” ๊ฐ•ํ•ด์งˆ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:40
On the other hand, those who drink excessively for a long time
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด, ์ˆ ์„ ์žฅ๊ธฐ๊ฐ„ ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋งŽ์ด ๋งˆ์‹œ๋ฉด
03:43
may develop liver damage, which has the opposite effect.
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๊ฐ„์— ์†์ƒ์ด ์ƒ๊ฒจ ๋ฐ˜๋Œ€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:48
Meanwhile, genetic differences in dopamine, GABA,
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๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ, GABA ์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์ฐจ์ด,
03:52
and endorphin transmission may contribute to risk
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์—”๋Œํ•€ ์ „๋‹ฌ๊ณผ์ •์˜ ์œ ์ „์  ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€
03:54
for developing an alcohol use disorder.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์Œ์ฃผ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋น ์ง€๊ฒŒ ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:57
Those with naturally low endorphin or dopamine levels may self-medicate
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์œ ์ „์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—”๋Œํ•€์ด๋‚˜ ๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ์ด ์ ๊ฒŒ ๋ถ„๋น„๋˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ
04:01
through drinking.
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์ˆ ์„ ์ ๋‹นํžˆ ๋งˆ์‹ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
Some people have a higher risk for excessive drinking
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์ผ๋ถ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ˆ ์„ ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งˆ์‹œ๊ฒŒ ๋  ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์ด ๋†’์€๋ฐ
04:05
due to a sensitive endorphin response that increases the pleasurable effects
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์ˆ ์„ ๋งˆ์‹ค ๋•Œ ์—”๋Œํ•€ ๋ฐ˜์‘์— ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ด ํ–‰๋ณต๊ฐ์„ ๊ณผํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋Š๋ผ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:08
of alcohol.
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04:10
Others have a variation in GABA transmission
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ GABA์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ์— ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊น€์œผ๋กœ ์ธํ•ด
04:12
that makes them especially sensitive to the sedative effects of alcohol,
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์•Œ์ฝœ์˜ ์ง„์ •ํšจ๊ณผ์— ํŠนํžˆ ๋ฏผ๊ฐํ•ด์ ธ
04:16
which decreases their risk of developing disordered drinking.
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์ž˜๋ชป๋œ ์Œ์ฃผ์Šต๊ด€์— ๋น ์งˆ ์œ„ํ—˜์„ฑ์„ ๋‚ฎ์ถ”์–ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:20
Meanwhile, the brain adapts to chronic alcohol consumption by reducing GABA,
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ํ•œํŽธ, ๋‡Œ๋Š” GABA ๋ถ„๋น„๋ฅผ ์ค„์—ฌ ๋งŒ์„ฑ ์•Œ์ฝœํก์ˆ˜์— ์ ์‘ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ,
04:25
dopamine, and endorphin transmission, and enhancing glutamate activity.
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๋„ํŒŒ๋ฏผ, ์—”๋Œํ•€์˜ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋„ ์ค„์ด๋ฉฐ, ๊ธ€๋ฃจํƒ€๋ฉ”์ดํŠธ ํ™œ๋™์„ ๊ฐ•ํ™”ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:30
This means regular drinkers tend to be anxious, have trouble sleeping,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ์ •๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์Œ์ฃผํ•˜๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ์•ˆํ•ดํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ˆ˜๋ฉด์— ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
04:34
and experience less pleasure.
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ํ–‰๋ณต๊ฐ์„ ๋œ ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋œ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์˜๋ฏธํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:37
These structural and functional changes can lead to disordered use
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์‹์˜ ๋‡Œ์˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ์ ์ด๋ฉฐ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์ ์ธ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋Š” ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๋กœ ํ•˜์—ฌ๊ธˆ
04:41
when drinking feels normal, but not drinking is uncomfortable,
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์Œ์ฃผ๋Š” ๋‹น์—ฐํ•˜๊ณ , ์Œ์ฃผ๋ฅผ ํ•˜์ง€ ๋ชปํ•˜๋ฉด ๋ถˆํŽธํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋Š๋ผ๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด
04:45
establishing a vicious cycle.
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์•…์ˆœํ™˜์„ ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค์ฃ .
04:47
So both genetics and previous experience impact how a person experiences alcoholโ€”
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์ฆ‰, ์œ ์ „์  ์ด์œ ์™€ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์˜ ์ฐจ์ด๊ฐ€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์˜ ์Œ์ฃผ๊ฒฝํ—˜์— ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ ๋ฏธ์นฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:53
which means that some people are more prone
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค๊ณผ ๋‹ฌ๋ฆฌ
04:55
to certain patterns of drinking than others,
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๋”์šฑ ์‰ฝ๊ฒŒ ์ผ์ •ํ•œ ํŒจํ„ด์˜ ์Œ์ฃผ ์Šต๊ด€์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋ฉฐ
04:58
and a history of consumption leads to neural and behavioral changes.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌํ•œ ์Šต๊ด€์˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋กœ ์‹ ๊ฒฝ์ ์ธ ํ˜น์€ ํ–‰๋™์ƒ์˜ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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