How do contraceptives work? - NWHunter

1,835,047 views ・ 2016-09-19

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Ju Hye Lim κ²€ν† : JY Kang
00:06
Here's what has to happen for pregnancy to occur after sexual intercourse.
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성관계λ₯Ό 맺은 ν›„ μž„μ‹ ν•˜κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” 일은 λ‹€μŒκ³Ό κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
Sperm must swim up the vagina,
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μ •μžκ°€ 자ꢁ κ²½λΆ€λ₯Ό 톡해
00:12
through the cervical opening,
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질둜 헀엄쳐 μ˜¬λΌκ°€μ„œ
00:14
upwards through the uterus,
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μžκΆμ„ ν–₯ν•΄ μ˜¬λΌκ°„ λ’€
00:15
and into one of the two fallopian tubes.
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두 λ‚˜νŒ”κ΄€ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
If an egg, released during that month's ovulation, is in the tube,
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κ·Έ 달에 λ°°λž€λœ λ‚œμžκ°€ λ‚˜νŒ”κ΄€ μ•ˆμ— 있으면
00:22
one sperm has a chance to fertilize it.
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μ •μžλŠ” μˆ˜μ •λ  기회λ₯Ό κ°–κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:25
Contraceptives are designed to prevent this process,
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ν”Όμž„λ²•μ€ 이 과정을 막기 μœ„ν•œ 것이죠.
00:28
and they work in three basic ways.
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기본적으둜 μ„Έ κ°€μ§€ 방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
They block the sperm,
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μ •μžμ˜ μΆœμž…μ„ λ§‰κ±°λ‚˜
00:32
disable sperm before they reach the uterus,
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μžκΆμ— λ„λ‹¬ν•˜κΈ° 전에 κΈ°λŠ₯을 μƒμ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€κ±°λ‚˜
00:35
or suppress ovulation.
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λ°°λž€μ„ μ–΅μ œν•˜λŠ” λ°©λ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
Block is the simplest.
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μΆœμž…μ„ λ§‰λŠ” 것이 제일 κ°„λ‹¨ν•˜μ£ .
00:41
Male and female condoms prevent sperm from coming into contact
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λ‚¨μ„±μš©κ³Ό μ—¬μ„±μš© μ½˜λ”μ€
μ •μžκ°€ 질 내뢀와 μ ‘μ΄‰ν•˜λŠ” 것을 λ§‰μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
with the vaginal space.
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00:47
That barrier is also why they, unlike other contraceptive methods,
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λ‹€λ₯Έ ν”Όμž„λ²•κ³Ό 달리 방어막을 λ§Œλ“€κΈ° 떄문에
00:50
are able to prevent transmission of certain sexually transmitted diseases.
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νŠΉμ • 성병에 κ°μ—Όλ˜λŠ” κ±Έ 막을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
Meanwhile, the diaphragm, cervical cap, and sponge
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반면, μ§ˆκ²©λ§‰κ³Ό νŽ˜μ„œλ¦¬, κ²½λΆ€ μŠ€ν°μ§€λŠ”
00:59
work by being placed over the cervix, barricading the entrance to the uterus.
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자ꢁ 경뢀에 μ”Œμ›Œ 두어 자ꢁ으둜의 μ •μž μœ μž…μ„ λ§‰λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
These contraceptives are sometimes called barrier methods
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이 ν”Όμž…λ²•λ“€μ„ 차단 ν”Όμž„λ²•μ΄λΌκ³  λΆ€λ₯΄κΈ°λ„ ν•˜λŠ”λ°,
01:08
and can be used with spermicides,
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μ‚΄μ •μ œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ μ‚¬μš©λ  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
an example of the second category, disable.
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μ΄λŠ” 두 번째 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œμ„œ μ •μžλ₯Ό 무λ ₯ν™”ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
01:13
A spermicide is a chemical that immobilizes and destroys sperm.
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μ‚΄μ •μ œλŠ” μ •μžλ₯Ό 움직이지 λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ£½μ΄λŠ” ν™”ν•™ λ¬Όμ§ˆμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:17
Today's spermicides come as foam, cream, jelly, suppositories,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ μ˜ μ‚΄μ •μ œλŠ” κ±°ν’ˆμ΄λ‚˜ 크림, 저리, μ’Œμ•½, 그리고 μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ”
01:21
and even a thin piece of translucent film that dissolves in the vagina.
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질 λ‚΄μ—μ„œ λ…ΉλŠ” 얇은 ν•„λ¦„μœΌλ‘œλ„ λ‚˜μ˜΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
These products can be inserted directly into the vagina before intercourse,
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이 μ‚΄μ •μ œλ“€μ€ 성관계 전에 μ§ˆμ— λ°”λ‘œ μ‚½μž…ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
01:30
or can be combined with block methods, like a diaphragm or condom,
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더 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ μ˜ˆλ°©μ„ μœ„ν•΄ μ§ˆκ²©λ§‰μ΄λ‚˜ μ½˜λ” 같은 차단 ν”Όμž„λ²•κ³Ό
01:34
for added proection.
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ν•¨κ»˜ μ“Έ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:36
The third category for preventing pregnancy
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ν”Όμž„λ²•μ˜ μ„Έ 번째 방법은
01:38
works by suppressing the action of an egg maturing in the ovary.
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λ‚œμ†Œμ—μ„œμ˜ λ‚œμž 생성을 λ§‰λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
If there isn't an egg available in the fallopian tube,
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λ‚˜νŒ”κ΄€μ— λ‚œμžκ°€ μ—†μœΌλ©΄
01:45
there's nothing for sperm to fertilize.
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μ •μžλ„ μˆ˜μ •ν•  수 μ—†μœΌλ‹ˆκΉŒμš”.
01:48
Hormonal contraceptives,
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호λ₯΄λͺ¬ ν”Όμž„λ²•μ—λŠ”
01:50
including the pill, the patch, the Depo shot, and the vaginal ring
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μ•½, 패치, μ•½μ œ 주사, μ§ˆλ‚΄κ³ λ¦¬ 등이 μžˆλŠ”λ°
01:53
all release synthetic versions of various combinations of progesterone and estrogen.
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이듀 λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ ν”„λ‘œκ²ŒμŠ€ν…Œλ‘ κ³Ό μ—μŠ€νŠΈλ‘œκ²μ΄ μ‘°ν•©λœ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ ν•©μ„± 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ„ λΆ„λΉ„ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
This hormone cocktail suppresses ovulation,
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이 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ ν˜Όν•©μ œλŠ” λ°°λž€μ„ μ–΅μ œν•˜μ—¬
02:02
keeping the immature egg safely sequestered in the ovary.
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λ―Έμ„±μˆ™ν•œ λ‚œμžκ°€ λ‚œμ†Œμ— μ•ˆμ „ν•˜κ²Œ κ²©λ¦¬λ˜μ–΄ 있게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:06
Synthetic progesterone also has a block trick up its sleeve.
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ν•©μ„± ν”„λ‘œκ²ŒμŠ€ν…Œλ‘ μ€ 차단 κΈ°λŠ₯도 κ°–κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
It makes cervical mucus too thick and sticky for sperm to swim through easily.
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μžκΆκ²½κ΄€ 점앑측을 두껍고 λˆμ ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ μ •μžκ°€ ν—€μ—„μΉ˜κΈ° νž˜λ“€κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ£ .
02:14
There are other contraceptives that use multiple approaches at the same time.
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λ™μ‹œμ— λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 방법을 μ“°λŠ” λ‹€λ₯Έ ν”Όμž„λ²•λ“€λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
For example, many IUDs, or intrauterine devices,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, IUD라고 λΆ€λ₯΄λŠ” 자ꢁ μ‚½μž…ν˜• ν”Όμž„κΈ°κ΅¬λ“€μ€
02:22
contain synthetic hormones which suppress ovulation.
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λ°°λž€μ„ μ–΅μ œν•˜λŠ” ν•©μ„± 호λ₯΄λͺ¬μ„ κ°–κ³  있죠.
02:26
Some also contain copper,
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ꡬ리선이 감긴 것듀은
02:28
which disable sperm while also making egg implantation in the uterus difficult.
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μ •μžμ˜ κΈ°λŠ₯을 μžƒκ²Œ λ§Œλ“€λ©΄μ„œ λ‚œμžμ˜ 착상도 μ–΄λ ΅κ²Œ λ§Œλ“­λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
Block, disable, or suppress:
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차단, λΉ„ν™œμ„±ν™”, 그리고 μ–΅μ œ 쀑에
02:35
is one strategy better than the other?
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μ–΄λŠ 것이 κ°€μž₯ λ‚˜μ€ λ°©λ²•μΌκΉŒμš”?
02:37
There are differences, but a lot of it has to do with how convenient
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μ˜¬λ°”λ₯Έ ν”Όμž„μ„ μœ„ν•œ μ‚¬μš©μ˜ μš©μ΄μ„±κ³Ό
02:40
and easy it is to use each contraceptive correctly.
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νŽΈλ¦¬ν•¨μ— 따라 λ§Žμ€ 차이가 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:44
For example, male condoms would be about 98% effective
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예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄, λ‚¨μ„±μš© μ½˜λ”μ€ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
02:48
if everyone used them perfectly.
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ν”Όμž„ μ„±κ³΅μœ¨μ΄ 98%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:50
That 98% means if 100 couples correctly used condoms for a year,
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이 98%의 μ˜λ―ΈλŠ” 100쌍의 μ»€ν”Œμ΄ 1λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ½˜λ”μ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
02:55
two women would get pregnant.
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2λͺ…μ˜ 여성이 μž„μ‹ ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 뜻이죠.
02:57
But not everyone uses them correctly, so they're only 82% effective in practice.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ˜¬λ°”λ₯΄κ²Œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ§„ μ•ŠκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 82%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:02
Other methods, like the patch and pill, are 99% effective
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νŒ¨μΉ˜λ‚˜ 내볡약과 같은 ν”Όμž„λ²•μ€ μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜λ©΄
03:07
when they're used perfectly.
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ν”Όμž„λ₯ μ΄ 99%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
But in practice, that's 91%.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 91%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
Spermicide is only 85% effective, even with perfect usage,
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μ‚΄μ •μ œλŠ” μ œλŒ€λ‘œ μ‚¬μš©ν•΄λ„ ν”Όμž„λ₯ μ΄ 85%밖에 λ˜μ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
and just 71% effective with typical usage.
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일반적인 μ‚¬μš© ν™˜κ²½μ—μ„œλŠ” 71%μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:19
Another important consideration in the choice of contraceptives are side effects,
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ν”Όμž„λ²•μ„ 선택할 λ•Œ κ³ λ €ν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μš”μ†ŒλŠ” λΆ€μž‘μš©μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
which almost exclusively affect women rather than men.
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ΄ λ‚¨μžλ₯Ό μ œμ™Έν•˜κ³  μ—¬μ„±μ—κ²Œλ§Œ 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:26
Hormonal methods in particular can cause symptoms like headaches,
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특히 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ ν”Όμž„λ²•μ€ λΆ€μž‘μš©μœΌλ‘œμ„œ λ‘ν†΅μ΄λ‚˜
03:30
nausea,
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λ©”μŠ€κΊΌμ›€
03:31
and high blood pressure,
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κ³ ν˜ˆμ••μ„ μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
but they vary from woman to woman.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ—¬μ„±λ§ˆλ‹€ κ°œμΈμ°¨κ°€ 있죠.
03:35
That's why these methods require a prescription from a doctor.
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κ·Έλ ‡κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μ˜μ‚¬λ‘œλΆ€ν„°μ˜ 처방이 ν•„μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
The choice of contraceptive method is a personal one,
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ν”Όμž„λ²• 선택은 개인적인 λ¬Έμ œμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
and what works best for you now may change later.
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그리고 κ°€μž₯ 잘 λ§žλŠ” ν”Όμž„λ²•λ„ λ‚˜μ€‘μ— λ°”λ€” μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:44
Scientists also continue to research new methods,
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν”Όμž„λ²•μ„ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜λ©°
03:47
such as a male pill that would prevent sperm production.
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λ‚¨μ„±μš©μ˜ μ •μž 생산 μ–΅μ œμ œλ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
In the meantime, there are quite a few options
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κ·Έ λ™μ•ˆμ— μ‚¬μš©ν•  수 μžˆλŠ” ν”Όμž„λ²•μ΄ λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
to block sperm,
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μ •μžλ₯Ό μ°¨λ‹¨ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
03:55
disable them,
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κΈ°λŠ₯을 μƒμ‹€ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
03:56
or suppress eggs and keep them out of reach.
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λ°°λž€μ„ μ–΅μ œν•΄μ„œ μ •μžμ™€ λ§Œλ‚˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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