How can we solve the antibiotic resistance crisis? - Gerry Wright

1,193,349 views ใƒป 2020-03-16

TED-Ed


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Julie Y Choi ๊ฒ€ํ† : DK Kim
00:06
Antibiotics: behind the scenes, they enable much of modern medicine.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋Š” ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์˜ํ•™์˜ ์ˆจ์€ ๊ณต์‹ ์ด๋ผ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:11
We use them to cure infectious diseases,
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๊ฐ์—ผ๋ณ‘ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
00:14
but also to safely facilitate everything from surgery to chemotherapy
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๋ชจ๋“  ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ์•ˆ์ „ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋„๋ก ๋•๋Š”๋ฐ,
์ˆ˜์ˆ , ํ•ญ์•”์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์žฅ๊ธฐ ์ด์‹์—๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:19
to organ transplants.
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00:21
Without antibiotics,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ฐ„๋‹จํ•œ ์‹œ์ˆ ๋„ ์น˜๋ช…์ ์ธ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์ผ์œผํ‚ฌ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:23
even routine medical procedures can lead to life-threatening infections.
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00:27
And weโ€™re at risk of losing them.
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์ด์ œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ด๋Ÿฐ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์žƒ์„ ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ์ฒ˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:30
Antibiotics are chemicals that prevent the growth of bacteria.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท  ๋ฒˆ์‹์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:34
Unfortunately, some bacteria have become resistant
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์„ธ๊ท  ์ค‘ ์ผ๋ถ€๋Š” ์ง€๊ธˆ๊นŒ์ง€ ์•Œ๋ ค์ง„
00:38
to all currently available antibiotics.
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๋ชจ๋“  ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:42
At the same time, weโ€™ve stopped discovering new ones.
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๊ฒŒ๋‹ค๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ์ค‘๋‹จ๋œ ์ƒํƒœ์ด๊ณ ์š”.
00:46
Still, thereโ€™s hope that we can get ahead of the problem.
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•  ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ์€ ์•„์ง ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:49
But first, how did we get into this situation?
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๋จผ์ € ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์™œ ์ด ์œ„๊ธฐ์— ๋ด‰์ฐฉํ–ˆ๋Š”์ง€ ์•Œ์•„๋ณผ๊นŒ์š”?
00:53
The first widely used antibiotic was penicillin,
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์ตœ์ดˆ๋กœ ๋„๋ฆฌ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๋œ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋Š” ํŽ˜๋‹ˆ์‹ค๋ฆฐ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:56
discovered in 1928 by Alexander Fleming.
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1928๋…„ ์•Œ๋ ‰์‚ฐ๋” ํ”Œ๋ ˆ๋ฐ์ด ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:00
In his 1945 Nobel Prize acceptance speech,
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1945๋…„ ๋…ธ๋ฒจ์ƒ ์ˆ˜์ƒ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋Š”
01:03
Fleming warned that bacterial resistance had the potential to ruin
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์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์€
ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋ ฅํ™”ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ž ์žฌ๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๊ฒฝ๊ณ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:08
the miracle of antibiotics.
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01:10
He was right: in the 1940s and 50s,
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๊ทธ์˜ ์˜ˆ์–ธ์€ ์ ์ค‘ํ–ˆ๊ณ  1940๋…„๋Œ€์™€ 50๋…„๋Œ€์—
01:13
resistant bacteria already began to appear.
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์ด๋ฏธ ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์ด ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚˜๊ธฐ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:17
From then until the 1980s,
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๊ทธ๋•Œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ 1980๋…„๋Œ€๊นŒ์ง€
01:20
pharmaceutical companies countered the problem of resistance
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์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์€ ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์— ๋งž์„œ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
01:23
by discovering many new antibiotics.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:26
At first this was a highly successfulโ€” and highly profitableโ€” enterprise.
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์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์€ ๋งค์šฐ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์ธ๋ฐ๋‹ค ์ˆ˜์ต๋„ ๋†’์•˜์ง€๋งŒ
01:32
Over time, a couple things changed.
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ์ง€๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๋ณ€ํ™”๊ฐ€ ์ƒ๊ธฐ๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:35
Newly discovered antibiotics were often only effective
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋Š” ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„
ํŠน์ •ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์—๋งŒ ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:38
for a narrow spectrum of infections,
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01:41
whereas the first ones had been broadly applicable.
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๋ฐ˜๋ฉด์— ์ดˆ๊ธฐ์— ๋‚˜์˜จ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์€ ๊ด‘๋ฒ”์œ„ํ•œ ๊ฐ์—ผ์— ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
01:44
This isnโ€™t a problem in itself,
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๊ทธ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ์•„๋‹ˆ์—ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:46
but it does mean that fewer doses of these drugs could be soldโ€”
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ํšจ๊ณผ๊ฐ€ ์ œํ•œ์ ์ด๋ฉด ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰์ด ์ ์–ด์ง€๊ณ 
01:51
making them less profitable.
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์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋‚ฎ์•„์ง€๋Š” ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:53
In the early days, antibiotics were heavily overprescribed,
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๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์—๋Š” ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋‚จ์šฉํ–ˆ๋Š”๋ฐ
01:57
including for viral infections they had no effect on.
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๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ๊ฐ™์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์•ฝํšจ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ์งˆ๋ณ‘์—๋„ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ํ•˜๊ณค ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:01
Scrutiny around prescriptions increased, which is good, but also lowered sales.
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์˜ ์ฆ๊ฐ€๋Š” ์นญ์ฐฌํ•  ๋งŒํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
๋™์‹œ์— ๋งค์ถœ์ด ์ค„์–ด๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:06
At the same time, companies began to develop more drugs
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ์ž ์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ๋Š” ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ์‹ ์•ฝ์„ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋˜๋Š”๋ฐ
02:10
that are taken over a patientโ€™s lifetime,
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๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„ ํ™˜์ž๊ฐ€ ํ‰์ƒ ๋ณต์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ์•ฝ๋“ค์ด์—ˆ์ฃ .
02:12
like blood pressure and cholesterol medications,
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ํ˜ˆ์••์•ฝ๊ณผ ์ฝœ๋ ˆ์Šคํ…Œ๋กค ์•ฝ์ด ๋Œ€ํ‘œ์ ์ด์—ˆ๊ณ 
02:15
and later anti-depressants and anti-anxiety medications.
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์ดํ›„ ์šฐ์šธ์ฆ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ์™€ ํ•ญ๋ถˆ์•ˆ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:20
Because they are taken indefinitely, these drugs more profitable.
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ์•ฝ๋“ค์€ ๊ณ„์† ๋ณต์šฉํ•ด์•ผ ํ•ด์„œ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋†’๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:24
By the mid-1980s, no new chemical classes of antibiotics were discovered.
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1980๋…„๋Œ€ ์ค‘๋ฐ˜์— ๋“ค์–ด์„œ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ๋˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:30
But bacteria continued to acquire resistance and pass it along
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋™์•ˆ ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ธธ๋Ÿฌ์™”๊ณ 
๊ฐ์ž์˜ ์œ ์ „์ •๋ณด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๋ฉฐ ์ง„ํ™”ํ–ˆ์ฃ .
02:35
by sharing genetic information between individual bacteria
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02:39
and even across species.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์ข…์„ ๊ฑด๋„ˆ ๋›ฐ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:41
Now bacteria that are resistant to many antibiotics are common,
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์˜ค๋Š˜๋‚  ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋‚ด์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ๊ณ 
02:46
and increasingly some strains are resistant to all our current drugs.
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์ผ๋ถ€ ๋ณ€์ข…์€ ์Šˆํผ๋ฐ•ํ…Œ๋ฆฌ์•„๊ฐ€ ๋˜์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:51
So, what can we do about this?
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๊ทธ๋ ‡๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์˜ ์ง„ํ™”๋ฅผ ์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ๋ง‰์„ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„๊นŒ์š”?
02:54
We need to control the use of existing antibiotics, create new ones,
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๊ธฐ์กด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์˜ ์‚ฌ์šฉ์„ ์ œํ•œํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•˜๊ณ 
02:58
combat resistance to new and existing drugs,
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์‹ ์•ฝ๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์กด ์•ฝ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์„ธ๊ท ์˜ ์ €ํ•ญ๋ ฅ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•ด์„œ
03:02
and find new ways to fight bacterial infections.
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์„ธ๊ท ์„ฑ ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ์น˜๋ฃŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:06
The largest consumer of antibiotics is agriculture,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์†Œ๋น„๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ๋งŽ์€ ๊ณณ์€ ๋†์—… ๋ถ„์•ผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:10
which uses antibiotics not only to treat infections
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์„ธ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ์˜ ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฟ๋งŒ ์•„๋‹ˆ๋ผ
03:13
but to promote the growth of food animals.
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์‹์šฉ ๋™๋ฌผ์˜ ์„ฑ์žฅ ์ด‰์ง„์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•˜์ฃ .
03:16
Using large volumes of antibiotics
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๋‚จ์šฉํ•˜๋ฉด
03:18
increases the bacteriaโ€™s exposure to the antibiotics
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์„ธ๊ท ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๋นˆ๋ฒˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋…ธ์ถœ๋˜์–ด์„œ
03:22
and therefore their opportunity to develop resistance.
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์˜คํžˆ๋ ค ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ–๊ฒŒ ํ•  ๊ธฐํšŒ๋ฅผ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:26
Many bacteria that are common in animals, like salmonella, can also infect humans,
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๋™๋ฌผ์—๊ฒŒ ํ”ํ•œ ์‚ด๋ชจ๋„ฌ๋ผ ๊ฐ™์€ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์„ธ๊ท ์€ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋„ ๊ฐ์—ผ์‹œํ‚ต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:32
and drug-resistant versions can pass to us through the food chain
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๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด ๋๊นŒ์ง€ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•„ ์Œ์‹๋ฌผ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ฒด๋‚ด์— ์นจํˆฌํ•˜๊ณ 
03:36
and spread through international trade and travel networks.
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๊ตญ์ œ ๋ฌด์—ญ๊ณผ ์ž์œ ๋กœ์šด ์—ฌํ–‰์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํŒŒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:41
In terms of finding new antibiotics,
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌ์˜ ์ธก๋ฉด์—์„œ
03:44
nature offers the most promising new compounds.
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์ž์—ฐ์€ ์•„์ฃผ ์œ ์šฉํ•œ ํ˜ผํ•ฉ๋ฌผ์„ ์ œ๊ณตํ•ด ์ฃผ๊ธฐ๋„ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:47
Organisms like other microbes and fungi have evolved over millions of years
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๋ฏธ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ด๋‚˜ ๊ณฐํŒก์ด ๊ฐ™์€ ์ƒ๋ฌผ์ฒด๋Š” ์ˆ˜๋ฐฑ๋งŒ ๋…„์— ๊ฑธ์ณ ์ง„ํ™”ํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ
03:52
to live in competitive environmentsโ€”
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๊ฒฝ์Ÿ์ด ์‹ฌํ•œ ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์—์„œ ์‚ด์•„๋‚จ์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:54
meaning they often contain antibiotic compounds
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๊ทธ ๊ณผ์ •์—์„œ ๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ์ข…์ข… ์ž์ฒด์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ญ์ƒ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ–ˆ๊ณ 
03:58
to give them a survival advantage over certain bacteria.
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๊ทธ ๋•๋ถ„์— ์ผ๋ถ€ ์„ธ๊ท ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ƒ์กดํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:02
We can also package antibiotics with molecules that inhibit resistance.
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๋‚ด์„ฑ ์ƒ์„ฑ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•  ์ˆ˜๋„ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:07
One way bacteria develop resistance is through proteins of their own
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์„ธ๊ท ์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ์–ป๋Š” ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ• ์ค‘ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š”
์ž์‹ ์˜ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ์•ฝ๋ฌผ์˜ ํšจ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋–จ์–ด๋œจ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:12
that degrade the drug.
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04:13
By packaging the antibiotic with molecules that block the degraders,
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ์— ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๋‹จ๋ฐฑ์งˆ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๋ณดํ˜ธํ•˜๋Š” ํ™”ํ•™ ๋ฌผ์งˆ์„ ์ฒจ๊ฐ€ํ•˜๋ฉด
04:18
the antibiotic can do its job.
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์ œ ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์„ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:21
Phages, viruses that attack bacteria but donโ€™t affect humans,
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ํŒŒ์ง€๋Š” ์„ธ๊ท ์„ ์žก์•„๋จน์ง€๋งŒ ์ธ๊ฐ„์—๊ฒŒ๋Š” ๋ฌดํ•ดํ•œ ๋ฐ”์ด๋Ÿฌ์Šค์ธ๋ฐ
04:25
are one promising new avenue to combat bacterial infections.
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์„ธ๊ท  ๊ฐ์—ผ์„ ํ‡ด์น˜ํ•  ์ƒˆ๋กญ๊ณ  ํ™•์‹คํ•œ ๋˜ ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:29
Developing vaccines for common infections, meanwhile,
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ํ•œํŽธ ๋ฒ”์šฉ ๊ฐ์—ผ ์น˜๋ฃŒ์ œ๋ฅผ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
04:33
can help prevent disease in the first place.
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์งˆ๋ณ‘์„ ์กฐ๊ธฐ์— ์ง„์••ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒ ์ฃ .
04:36
The biggest challenge to all these approaches is funding,
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์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•๋“ค์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋Š” ๋ฐ”๋กœ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ ๋น„์šฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:40
which is woefully inadequate across the globe.
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์•ˆํƒ€๊น๊ฒŒ๋„ ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ž๊ธˆ ์ง€์›์ด ์–ด๋ ค์šด ์‹ค์ •์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
Antibiotics are so unprofitable that many large pharmaceutical companies
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ˆ˜์ต์ด ๋„ˆ๋ฌด ๋‚ฎ์•„์„œ
๋Œ€๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์ œ์•ฝํšŒ์‚ฌ๋“ค์ด ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ๋ฉˆ์ท„๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ด์ฃ .
04:48
have stopped trying to develop them.
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04:50
Meanwhile, smaller companies that successfully bring new antibiotics
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์†Œ๊ธฐ์—…์ด ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์„ ๋ณด์ด๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ๋„ ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
04:54
to market often still go bankrupt, like the American start up Achaogen.
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๊ทธ๋ž˜๋„ ์—ฌ์ „ํžˆ ํŒŒ์‚ฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์‹ ์ƒ๊ธฐ์—… ์•„์นด์˜ค์  ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ์š”.
05:00
New therapeutic techniques like phages and vaccines
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์น˜๋ฃŒ๋ฒ•์ธ ํŒŒ์ง€ ์š”๋ฒ•๊ณผ ๋ฐฑ์‹  ์—ญ์‹œ
05:04
face the same fundamental problem as traditional antibiotics:
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๊ธฐ์กด์˜ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฒช์—ˆ๋˜ ๊ทผ๋ณธ์  ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:08
if theyโ€™re working well, theyโ€™re used just once,
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ํšจ๋Šฅ์ด ์ข‹์•„์„œ ๋‹จ๋ฒˆ์— ์น˜๋ฃŒ๊ฐ€ ๋˜๋ฉด ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์–ด๋ ต๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ์ฃ .
05:11
which makes it difficult to make money.
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05:13
And to successfully counteract resistance in the long term,
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์žฅ๊ธฐ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋‚ด์„ฑ์„ ์กฐ์ ˆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด
05:17
weโ€™ll need to use new antibiotics sparinglyโ€”
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์ƒˆ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ๋ฅผ ์กฐ๊ธˆ์”ฉ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉํ•˜๋‹ค ๋ณด๋ฉด
05:20
lowering the profits for their creators even further.
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๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์ž์˜ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋” ๋‚ฎ์ถ”๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ดˆ๋ž˜ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:24
One possible solution is to shift profits away from the volume of antibiotics sold.
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ํ•œ ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ํŒ๋งค๋Ÿ‰๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ต์„ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:30
For example, the United Kingdom is testing a model
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์˜๊ตญ์—์„œ ์‹œ๋ฒ” ์ ์šฉ ์ค‘์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์ฒ˜๋Ÿผ
05:33
where healthcare providers purchase antibiotic subscriptions.
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์˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๊ด€์ด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์‚ฌ์šฉ๊ถŒ์„ ๊ตฌ์ž…ํ•˜๋„๋ก ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฑฐ์ฃ .
์ •๋ถ€๊ฐ€ ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์„ ์žฅ๋ คํ•  ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ•์„ ์ฐพ๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ
05:38
While governments are looking for ways to incentivize antibiotic development,
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05:42
these programs are still in the early stages.
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์ด ์ œ๋„๋Š” ์•„์ง ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:45
Countries around the world will need to do much moreโ€”
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ๊ฐ๊ตญ์˜ ๋” ๋งŽ์€ ๋…ธ๋ ฅ์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ
05:48
but with enough investment in antibiotic development
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ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ๊ฐœ๋ฐœ์— ์ถฉ๋ถ„ํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž์™€
05:51
and controlled use of our current drugs,
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๊ธฐ์กด ํ•ญ์ƒ์ œ ์ฒ˜๋ฐฉ์„ ์ ์ ˆํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๊ทœ์ œํ•œ๋‹ค๋ฉด
05:54
we can still get ahead of resistance.
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๋‚ด์„ฑ๊ท ์˜ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์„ ์–ต์ œํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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