Test yourself: Can you tell the difference between music and noise? - Hanako Sawada

552,697 views ・ 2023-06-01

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: κ΄€μ›… λ¬Έ κ²€ν† : DK Kim
00:07
In 1960, American composer John Cage went on national television
0
7045
5255
1960λ…„, λ―Έκ΅­ μž‘κ³‘κ°€ μ‘΄ μΌ€μ΄μ§€λŠ”
그의 졜근 μž‘ν’ˆμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ „κ΅­ 방솑에 μΆœμ—°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
to share his latest work.
1
12300
1585
00:14
But rather than employing traditional instruments,
2
14343
2712
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 일반적인 μ•…κΈ° λŒ€μ‹ μ—
00:17
Cage appeared surrounded by household clutter,
3
17055
2585
μΌ€μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ§‘μ•ˆμ˜ μž‘λ™μ‚¬λ‹ˆλ“€μ„ μž”λœ© λ“€κ³  λ‚˜μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
including a bathtub, ice cubes, a toy fish, a pressure cooker,
4
19974
4922
μš•μ‘°, κ°μ–ΌμŒ, λ¬Όκ³ κΈ° μž₯λ‚œκ°,
μ••λ ₯μ†₯, 고무 였리, λΌλ””μ˜€ λͺ‡ λŒ€μ˜€μ£ .
00:24
a rubber duck, and several radios.
5
24896
2294
00:27
Armed with these tools and a stopwatch, he performed β€œWater Walk,”
6
27774
4379
이것듀과 μ΄ˆμ‹œκ³„λ₯Ό λ“€κ³ μ„ , β€˜μ›Œν„° μ›Œν¬β€™λ₯Ό μ—°μ£Όν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:32
setting off a series of sounds with a serious expression
7
32945
3254
μ§„μ§€ν•œ ν‘œμ •μ„ ν•˜κ³  λ†€λžλ„λ‘ μ •λ°€ν•˜κ²Œ μ†Œλ¦¬λ“€μ„ 연달아 λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:36
and incredible precision.
8
36199
1585
00:38
Some viewers found the performance hysterical,
9
38201
2419
일뢀 μ‹œμ²­μžλ“€μ€ 숨이 λ„˜μ–΄κ°ˆ λ“― μ›ƒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
while others thought it was completely absurd.
10
40620
2252
μ–΄λ–€ 이듀은 μ™„μ „νžˆ ν„°λ¬΄λ‹ˆμ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆκ³ μš”.
00:43
But most people watching likely shared the same question:
11
43623
3336
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜ μ‹œμ²­μžλŠ” 이런 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν–ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
is this even music?
12
47085
1584
β€œμ΄κ²Œ μŒμ•…μ΄κΈ΄ ν• κΉŒ?”
00:50
This question is harder to answer than you might think.
13
50254
2795
이 μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€λ‹΅μ€ 생각보닀 μ–΄λ ΅μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:53
What we determine as music often depends on our expectations.
14
53382
3838
μ–΄λ–€ 것이 μŒμ•…μΈμ§€ μ•„λ‹Œμ§€λŠ” 보톡 우리의 μ˜ˆμƒμ— λ‹¬λ €μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
For example, imagine you’re in a jazz club listening
15
57428
3295
예λ₯Ό λ“€μ–΄ 재즈 ν΄λŸ½μ—μ„œ
01:00
to the rhythmic honking of horns.
16
60723
1919
μœ¨λ™μ μΈ 경적 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό λ“£λŠ”λ‹€κ³  ν•΄λ΄…μ‹œλ‹€.
01:02
Most people would agree that this is music.
17
62725
2753
λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ€ 이것이 μŒμ•…μ΄λΌλŠ” 데 λ™μ˜ν•˜κ² μ£ .
01:05
But if you were on the highway hearing the same thing, many would call it noise.
18
65812
4879
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 같은 μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό 고속 λ„λ‘œ μœ„μ—μ„œ λ“£λŠ”λ‹€λ©΄ μ†ŒμŒμ΄λΌκ³  ν•  κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:11
After all, car horns aren’t instruments
19
71109
2585
μ–΄μ¨Œλ“  μžλ™μ°¨ 경적은 μ•…κΈ°κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆκ³ 
01:13
and these drivers aren’t musicians... right?
20
73694
2962
μš΄μ „μžλ“€λ„ μŒμ•…κ°€κ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆμž–μ•„μš”?
01:16
Expectations like these influence how we categorize everything we hear.
21
76989
4672
λ“€λ¦¬λŠ” λͺ¨λ“  것을 λ¬΄μ—‡μœΌλ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν• μ§€μ— 이런 μ˜ˆμƒμ΄ 영ν–₯을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
We typically think something sounds more musical
22
81994
2837
일반적으둜 μ‰½κ²Œ μ•Œ 수 μžˆλŠ” κ΅¬μ‘°λ‚˜ 인기 μžˆλŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬λ₯Ό
01:24
if it uses a recognizable structure or popular sounds
23
84831
3920
잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 양식에 따라 λ°°μ—΄ν•˜λ©΄ 더 μŒμ•…μ μΈ μ†Œλ¦¬λΌκ³  μƒκ°ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
arranged in well-known patterns.
24
88751
1960
01:30
And even within the realm of music,
25
90837
1876
μŒμ•…μ˜ μ˜μ—­ μ•ˆμ—μ„œμ‘°μ°¨λ„
01:32
we expect certain genres to use specific instruments and harmonies.
26
92713
3754
μ–΄λ–€ μž₯λ₯΄λŠ” νŠΉμ •ν•œ μ•…κΈ°λ‚˜ ν™”μŒμ„ μ“Έ 것이라 κΈ°λŒ€ν•˜μ£ .
01:36
These expectations are based on existing musical traditions,
27
96676
3753
이런 μ˜ˆμƒλ“€μ€ 기쑴의 μŒμ•…μ  전톡을 λ°”νƒ•μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
01:40
but those traditions aren't set in stone.
28
100680
2419
전톡이 λΆˆλ³€μΈ 건 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:43
They vary across different cultures and time periods.
29
103391
3003
문화와 μ‹œλŒ€μ˜ 흐름에 따라 λ³€ν•˜μ£ .
01:46
And in the early 20th century,
30
106519
1877
그리고 20μ„ΈκΈ° 초반,
01:48
when many artists were pushing the boundaries of their fields,
31
108396
3003
λ§Žμ€ μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€λ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ λΆ„μ•Όμ—μ„œ 경계λ₯Ό λ›°μ–΄λ„˜κ³  μžˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:51
John Cage wanted to discover what new kinds of music might exist
32
111399
4045
μ‘΄ μΌ€μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ μ œμ•½ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ—
μ–΄λ–€ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν˜•νƒœμ˜ μŒμ•…μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ•Œμ•„λ‚΄κ³  μ‹Άμ—ˆμ£ .
01:55
beyond those constraints.
33
115444
1627
01:57
He began pioneering new instruments that blurred the lines
34
117446
3337
κ·ΈλŠ” 예술과 μΌμƒμ˜ 경계λ₯Ό λ„˜λ‚˜λ“€
02:00
between art and everyday life,
35
120783
2127
μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ μ•…κΈ°λ₯Ό μ°ΎκΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
02:02
and used surprising objects to reinvent existing instruments.
36
122910
4755
기쑴의 μ•…κΈ°λ₯Ό 재발λͺ…ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ μ˜ˆμƒ λ°–μ˜ 물건듀을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ£ .
02:08
He also explored new ways for music to mingle with other art forms.
37
128249
4254
μŒμ•…μ΄ λ‹€λ₯Έ 예술과 μ–΄μš°λŸ¬μ§ˆ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 방법도 μ°Ύμ•„λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:12
He and his creative and romantic partner, Merce Cunningham,
38
132920
3087
케이지와 창의적이고 λ‚­λ§Œμ μΈ λ™μ—…μžμΈ 머슀 컀닝햄은
02:16
held recitals where Cage’s music and Cunningham’s choreography
39
136007
4129
μΌ€μ΄μ§€λŠ” μŒμ•…μ„, 컀닝햄은 μ•ˆλ¬΄λ₯Ό λ”°λ‘œ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄μ„œ
02:20
would be created independently before being performed together.
40
140136
3712
μ—°μ£ΌνšŒμ—μ„œ ν•¨κ»˜ 선보이기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
But whatever his approach,
41
145516
1543
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έ 접근법에 상관없이,
02:27
Cage gleefully dared listeners to question the boundaries between music and noise,
42
147059
4630
μΌ€μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ²­μ€‘μ—κ²Œ κ³Όκ°ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μœ μΎŒν•˜κ²Œ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ λ˜μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
μŒμ•…κ³Ό μ†ŒμŒ, μ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ 침묡의 경계λ₯Ό λ¬Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:31
as well as sound and silence.
43
151689
1960
02:33
Perhaps the best example is one of Cage’s most famous compositionsβ€”
44
153900
3753
이λ₯Ό 잘 λ³΄μ—¬μ£ΌλŠ” μ˜ˆκ°€ 그의 유λͺ…ν•œ μž‘ν’ˆ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:37
a solo piano piece consisting of nothing but musical rests
45
157862
4296
ν”Όμ•„λ…Έ λ…μ£Όκ³‘μ΄μ§€λ§Œ 아무것도 ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ€ 채
02:42
for four minutes and 33 seconds.
46
162158
2502
4λΆ„ ν•˜κ³ λ„ 33초λ₯Ό κ°€λ§Œνžˆ 있죠.
02:45
This wasn’t intended as a prank, but rather, as a question.
47
165286
3545
μž₯λ‚œμœΌλ‘œ ν•œ 게 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜λ €κ³  ν•œ κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
Could the opening and closing of a piano lid be music?
48
168998
3378
ν”Όμ•„λ…Έ λšœκ»‘μ„ μ—΄κ³  λ‹«λŠ” 것도 μŒμ•…μ΄ 될 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:52
What about the click of a stopwatch?
49
172668
1919
μ΄ˆμ‹œκ³„λ₯Ό λˆ„λ₯Ό λ•Œ λ‚˜λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬λŠ”μš”?
02:54
The rustling, and perhaps even the complaining, of a crowd?
50
174670
3504
ꡰ쀑이 λΆ€μŠ€λŸ­κ±°λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜ λΆˆν‰ν•˜λŠ” μ†Œλ¦¬κΉŒμ§€λ„μš”?
02:59
Like the white canvases of his painting peers,
51
179008
3045
λ―Έμˆ κ°€ λ™λ£Œλ“€μ˜ μƒˆν•˜μ–€ ν™”ν­μ²˜λŸΌ
03:02
Cage asked the audience to question their expectations about what music was.
52
182053
4254
μΌ€μ΄μ§€λŠ” κ΄€κ°λ“€μ—κ²Œ
μŒμ•…μ΄ 무엇인지에 λŒ€ν•œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 생각을 λŒμ•„λ³΄κ²Œ ν•œ 것이죠.
03:06
And while the piece didn’t evoke the drama of some traditional compositions,
53
186599
3712
전톡적인 μž‘ν’ˆλ“€ 같은 극적인 μž₯면은 μ—†μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:10
it certainly elicited a strong emotional response.
54
190478
3378
λΆ„λͺ… κ°•λ ¬ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μ„ μ΄λŒμ–΄λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
Cage’s work frequently prioritized these spontaneous, ephemeral experiences
55
194565
5172
μΌ€μ΄μ§€μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ€ μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ 즉ν₯적이고 μˆœκ°„μ μΈ κ²½ν—˜λ“€μ„
03:19
over precise, predictable performances.
56
199737
2711
μ •κ΅ν•˜κ³  μ˜ˆμƒ κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ 연주듀보닀 μš°μ„ μ‹œν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
He even developed processes that left some compositional decisions up to chance.
57
202531
4797
λͺ‡ 가지 μž‘κ³‘μ μΈ 결정을 μš°μ—°μ— λ§‘κ²¨λ²„λ¦¬κΈ°κΉŒμ§€ ν–ˆμ£ .
03:27
One of his favorite such systems was the I Ching,
58
207536
2837
κ·Έκ°€ μ’‹μ•„ν–ˆλ˜ 체계 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ”
κ³ λŒ€ μ€‘κ΅­μ˜ μ μˆ μ„œμΈ μ—­κ²½μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
an ancient Chinese divination text.
59
210373
2377
03:32
Using just a handful of coins,
60
212833
2086
역경은 동전 ν•œ μ€Œλ§Œμ„ μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬
03:34
the I Ching allows readers to produce a pattern of lines
61
214919
3628
μ μˆ κ°€κ°€ 선듀을 그리도둝 ν•˜κ³ 
03:38
which can be interpreted to answer questions and offer fortunes.
62
218547
3587
이λ₯Ό ν•΄μ„ν•˜μ—¬ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ— λ‹΅ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ ν–‰μš΄μ„ 빌 수 있게 ν•˜μ£ .
03:42
But Cage adapted these patterns into a series of tables
63
222426
3087
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μΌ€μ΄μ§€λŠ” 이 양식을 μ—¬λŸ¬ ν‘œμ— μ μš©ν•˜μ—¬
03:45
that generated different musical durations, tempos, and dynamics.
64
225513
3837
μŒμ•…μ˜ 길이, λ°•μž, 강약에 λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
Eventually, he even used early computers to help produce these random parameters.
65
229850
4755
λ‚˜μ€‘μ—λŠ” 초기 μ»΄ν“¨ν„°κΉŒμ§€ ν™œμš©ν•΄ λ¬΄μž‘μœ„ μš”μ†Œλ“€μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆμ£ .
03:54
For some pieces, Cage went even further,
66
234814
2669
λͺ‡λͺ‡ μž‘ν’ˆμ—μ„œλŠ” ν•œλ°œ 더 λ‚˜μ•„κ°”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
offering musicians incomplete compositions notated with broad instructions,
67
237483
4713
μŒμ•…κ°€λ“€μ—κ²Œ λŒ€λž΅μ μΈ μ„€λͺ…λ§Œ 적힌 λΆˆμ™„μ „ν•œ 곑을 μ£Όκ³ 
04:02
allowing them to compose on the fly with the help of his guidelines.
68
242196
3629
그의 지침을 따라 즉ν₯적으둜 곑을 μ™„μ„±ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
Some composers rejected Cage's seemingly careless approach.
69
247034
3671
일뢀 μž‘κ³‘κ°€λ“€μ€ μΌ€μ΄μ§€μ˜ μ„±μ˜ μ—†μ–΄ λ³΄μ΄λŠ” 방식을 κ±°λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
They believed it was the composer’s job to organize sound and time
70
250997
3712
그듀은 μž‘κ³‘κ°€μ˜ μ—­ν• μ΄λž€
ꡬ체적인 λͺ©μ μ„ 가지고 μ†Œλ¦¬μ™€ μ‹œκ°„μ„ κ΅¬μ„±ν•˜λŠ” 것이라 λ―Ώμ—ˆμ£ .
04:14
for a specific, intentional purpose.
71
254709
2168
04:17
After all, if these strange compositions were music,
72
257086
3545
μ–΄μ¨Œλ“ , μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ μ΄μƒν•œ μž‘κ³‘λ„ μŒμ•…μ΄λΌκ³  ν•œλ‹€λ©΄
04:20
then where do we draw the line?
73
260715
1626
악보 μœ„μ˜ 선은 어디에 κ·Έλ €μ•Ό ν• κΉŒμš”?
04:22
But like a bold explorer, Cage didn't want to be bound by restrictions,
74
262842
4504
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μš©κ°ν•œ νƒν—˜κ°€μ˜€λ˜ μΌ€μ΄μ§€λŠ” μ œμ•½λ“€μ— κ°‡νžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμœΌλ € ν–ˆκ³ 
04:27
and he certainly didn't want to follow old rules.
75
267930
2795
μ˜› κ·œμΉ™λ“€μ„ λ”°λ₯΄λŠ” 것도 λ‹Ήμ—°νžˆ κ±°λΆ€ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
He dedicated himself to shattering our expectations,
76
270933
3212
κ·ΈλŠ” 우리의 μ˜ˆμƒμ„ κΉ¨λ²„λ¦¬λŠ” 것에 μ „λ…ν–ˆκ³ 
04:34
creating a series of once in a lifetime experiences
77
274145
3295
일생에 ν•œ 번뿐인 κ²½ν—˜μ„ λ§Œλ“€μ–΄ λ‚΄μ–΄
04:37
that continue encouraging musicians and audiences
78
277440
3211
μŒμ•…κ°€μ™€ 청쀑듀이
04:40
to embrace the unexpected.
79
280651
2127
μ˜ˆμƒμΉ˜ λͺ»ν•œ 것을 받아듀이도둝 계속 κ²©λ €ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7