This is Sparta: Fierce warriors of the ancient world - Craig Zimmer

3,877,398 views ・ 2016-03-08

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: LEE sangyeob κ²€ν† : Sanghyun Hahn
00:06
In ancient Greece, violent internal conflict between bordering neighbors
0
6358
4183
κ³ λŒ€ κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μ—μ„  μ£Όμœ„ μ„Έλ ₯λ“€κ³Όμ˜ 폭λ ₯적인 λ‹€νˆΌμ΄λ‚˜
00:10
and war with foreign invaders was a way of life,
1
10541
3929
μΉ¨λž΅μžλ“€κ³Όμ˜ μ „μŸμ€ μ‚Άμ˜ λ°©μ‹μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:14
and Greeks were considered premier warriors.
2
14470
3381
그리고 κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μΈλ“€μ€ μ΅œμ •μ˜ˆ 전사듀이기도 ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
Most Greek city-states surrounded themselves with massive defensive walls
3
17851
4253
그리슀의 λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜ λ„μ‹œλ“€μ€ κ±°λŒ€ν•œ μ„±λ²½μœΌλ‘œ λ‘˜λŸ¬μŒ“μ—¬μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:22
for added protection.
4
22104
1727
κ΅³κ±΄ν•œ λ°©μ–΄λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄μ„œμš”.
00:23
Sparta in its prime was a different story,
5
23831
3481
μ „μ„±κΈ°μ˜ 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€λŠ” 이와 달리
00:27
finding walls unnecessary
6
27312
1701
성벽이 μ“Έλͺ¨μ—†λ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:29
when it had an army of the most feared warriors in the ancient world.
7
29013
5097
졜고둜 λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ κ³ λŒ€ 전사듀을 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  μžˆμ—ˆμ„ λ•Œμ΄λ‹ˆ 말이죠.
00:34
So what was Sparta doing differently than everyone else
8
34110
3275
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€κ°€ λ‹€λ₯Έ κ΅­κ°€λ“€κ³Ό 무엇을 λ‹¬λ¦¬ν–ˆκΈ°μ—
00:37
to produce such fierce soldiers?
9
37385
2707
그런 ν‰ν¬ν•œ 전사듀을 μ–‘μ‚°ν•΄λƒˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:40
To answer that question, we turn to the written accounts of that time.
10
40092
3959
κ·Έ 닡을 μ°ΎκΈ°μœ„ν•΄, μš°λ¦¬λŠ” λ‹ΉλŒ€μ˜ 기둝을 μ‚΄νŽ΄λ΄μ•Ό ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
There are no surviving written accounts from Spartans themselves,
11
44051
3156
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μΈλ“€μ΄ 직접 κΈ°μˆ ν•œ 기둝은 남아 μžˆμ§€ μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
as it was forbidden for Spartans to keep records,
12
47207
3730
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ—μ„œλŠ” 역사λ₯Ό λ‚¨κΈ°λŠ” 것이 κΈˆμ§€λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμ—ˆμ£ .
00:50
so we have to rely on those of non-Spartan ancient historians,
13
50937
4315
κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μΈμ΄ μ•„λ‹Œ κ³ λŒ€ μ‚¬ν•™μžκ°€ 남긴 기둝을 μ‚΄νŽ΄μ•Όκ² μ§€μš”.
00:55
like Herodotus, Thucydides, and Plutarch.
14
55252
3738
ν—€λ‘œλ„ν† μŠ€μ™€ νˆ¬ν‚€λ””λ°μŠ€ ν”Œλ£¨νƒ€λ₯΄ν¬ 같은 μ‚¬ν•™μžλ“€ 말이죠.
00:58
These stories may be embellished
15
58990
1641
이 이야기듀은 λ―Έν™”λœ 것듀일지도 λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
and depict Sparta at the apex of its power,
16
60631
3309
그리고 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ˜ μ΅œμ „μ„±κΈ°λ₯Ό μ„œμˆ ν•˜κ³  있죠.
01:03
so take them with a grain of salt.
17
63940
2357
κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‹ˆ 잘 κ°€λ €μ„œ λ“€μœΌμ‹œκΈΈ λ°”λžλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:06
For Spartans, the purpose for their existence was simple:
18
66297
3858
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ λͺ©μ μ€ κ°„λ‹¨ν–ˆμ£ .
01:10
to serve Sparta.
19
70155
2028
νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜λŠ” μˆœκ°„λΆ€ν„°
01:12
On the day of their birth,
20
72183
1448
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ— μΆ©μ„±ν•  것
01:13
elder Spartan leaders examined every newborn.
21
73631
3025
λ‚˜μ΄λ“  슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ˜ μ§€λ„μžλ“€μ€ λͺ¨λ“  신생아듀을 μ‹œν—˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:16
The strong healthy babies were considered capable of fulfilling this purpose,
22
76656
4480
κ°•ν•˜κ³  κ±΄κ°•ν•œ 아기듀은 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ λͺ©μ μ„ λ”œμ„±ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ ν•©ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²¨μ‘Œκ³ 
01:21
and the others may have been left on Mount Taygetus to die.
23
81136
4109
λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€λŠ” νƒ€μ΄κ²Œν…Œ 산에 버렀져 μ£½μ—ˆμ£ .
01:25
Every Spartan, boy or girl, was expected to be physically strong,
24
85245
5197
λͺ¨λ“  슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μΈλ“€μ€ 남녀 상관없이 윑체적으둜 κ°•ν•˜λ‹€κ³  μ—¬κ²¨μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
mentally sharp,
25
90442
1309
μ˜ˆλ¦¬ν•œ 정신을 가지며
01:31
and emotionally resilient.
26
91751
1871
감정도 잘 μΆ”μŠ€λ Έμ£ 
01:33
And it was their absolute duty to defend and promote Sparta at all costs.
27
93622
4923
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€λ₯Ό ν˜Όμ‹ μ„ λ‹€ν•΄ 지킀고 λ°œμ „μ‹œν‚€λŠ” 것은 μ ˆλŒ€μ μΈ μ˜λ¬΄μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
So in the first years of their lives,
28
98545
1838
그렇기에 κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ 첫해에
01:40
children were raised to understand that their loyalty belonged first to Sparta,
29
100383
4570
μžμ‹ λ“€μ˜ 좩심을 κ°€μž₯ λ¨Όμ € 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ— ν•΄μ•Όν•œλ‹€κ³  μƒκ°ν•˜λ„λ‘ ν‚€μ›Œμ§€μ£ .
01:44
and then to family.
30
104953
2926
가쑱은 κ·Έ λ‹€μŒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:47
This mindset probably made it easier for the Spartan boys,
31
107879
3090
이런 λ§ˆμŒκ°€μ§μ€ 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€ λ‚¨μž μ•„μ΄λ“€μ—κ²Œ κ·Έ λœ»μ„ 잘 κ΄€μ² ν•˜κ²Œ ν•΄μ£Όμ—ˆμ„ κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:50
who upon turning seven, were sent to the agoge,
32
110969
3346
7살이 λ˜λŠ” 아이듀은 μ•„κ³ κ²Œλ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
a place with one main purpose:
33
114315
2125
단 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ λͺ©μ λ§Œμ΄ μžˆλŠ” κ³³μ΄μ§€μš”.
01:56
to turn a boy into a Spartan warrior
34
116440
2670
사내아이λ₯Ό 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ˜ μ „μ‚¬λ‘œ ν‚€μš΄λ‹€.
01:59
through thirteen years of relentless, harsh, and often brutal training.
35
119110
5800
13λ…„κ°„μ˜ κ°€μ°¨μ—†κ³  ν˜Ήλ…ν•˜λ©° 가끔은 μž”μΈν•œ ν›ˆλ ¨μ„ ν†΅ν•˜μ—¬
02:04
The Spartans prized physical perfection above all else,
36
124910
4090
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μΈλ“€μ€ 윑체적인 완벽함을 κ·Έ 무엇보닀도 μΆ”κ΅¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:09
and so the students spent a great deal of their time learning how to fight.
37
129000
4788
그렇기에 학생듀은 μ‹Έμš°λŠ” 방법을 μ΅νžˆλŠ”λ° μ—„μ²­λ‚œ μ‹œκ°„μ„ ν• μ• ν•΄μ•Ό ν–ˆμ£ .
02:13
To ensure resilience in battle,
38
133788
1869
μ „μž₯μ—μ„œμ˜ μ „νˆ¬λ ₯을 보μž₯λ°›κΈ° μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
02:15
boys were encouraged to fight among themselves,
39
135657
3190
λ‚¨μžμ•„μ΄λ“€μ΄ μ„œλ‘œ μ‹Έμš°λŠ” 것은 μž₯λ €λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
and bullying, unlike today, was acceptable.
40
138847
3860
그리고 μš”μ¦˜κ³ΌλŠ” λ‹€λ₯΄κ²Œ κ΄΄λ‘­νž˜λ„ μš©μΈλ˜μ—ˆμ£ .
02:22
In order to better prepare the boys for the conditions of war,
41
142707
2925
λ‚¨μžμ•„μ΄λ“€μ΄ μ „μž₯에 λ‚˜κ°ˆ μ€€λΉ„κ°€ 더 잘 이루어지도둝
02:25
the boys were poorly fed,
42
145632
1902
먹을 것을 잘 주지 μ•Šμ•˜κ³ 
02:27
sometimes even going days without eating.
43
147534
2722
가끔씩은 며칠을 ꡢ도둝 ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:30
They also were given little in the way of clothing
44
150256
2427
λ”λΆˆμ–΄ μ˜·κ°€μ§€λ„ 잘 챙겨주지 μ•Šμ•˜μ£ .
02:32
so that they could learn to deal with different temperatures.
45
152683
2864
κ·Έ 덕에 μ˜¨λ„μ˜ 변화에도 잘 κ²¬λ”œ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
Spartan boys were encouraged to steal in order to survive,
46
155547
3799
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€ λ‚¨μžμ•„μ΄λ“€μ€ μ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•œ λ„λ‘‘μ§ˆμ„ ν•˜λ„λ‘ μž₯λ €λ°›μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
but if they were caught,
47
159346
1188
ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ„λ‘‘μ§ˆμ„ ν•˜λ‹€ μž‘νžŒλ‹€λ©΄
02:40
they would be disciplined,
48
160534
1362
징계λ₯Ό λ°›κ²Œ 됐죠.
02:41
not because they stole, but because they were caught in the act.
49
161896
4083
그듀이 λ„λ‘‘μ§ˆμ„ ν•΄μ„œκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ λ„λ‘‘μ§ˆμ„ ν•˜λ˜ 쀑 λΆ™μž‘ν˜€μ„œ κ·Έλ ‡μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
During the annual contest of endurance
50
165979
2159
맀 ν•΄ μ—΄λ¦¬λŠ” κ·ΉκΈ° ν›ˆλ ¨μ˜
02:48
in a religious ritual known as the diamastigosis,
51
168138
2991
λ””μ•„λ§ˆν‹°κ³ μ‹œμŠ€λΌ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 쒅ꡐ μ˜μ‹μ—μ„œ
02:51
teenage boys were whipped in front of an altar
52
171129
2737
10λŒ€ μ†Œλ…„λ“€μ€ 맀λ₯Ό λ§žμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€ μ•„λ₯΄ν…Œλ―ΈμŠ€ 였λ₯΄ν‹°μ•„μ˜ μ‹ μ „
02:53
at the Sanctuary of Artemis Orthia.
53
173866
2863
μ•ž μ œλ‹¨μ—μ„œμš”.
02:56
It was common for boys to die on the altar of the goddess.
54
176729
3700
μ—¬μ‹ μ˜ μ œλ‹¨ μ•žμ—μ„œ μ†Œλ…„λ“€μ΄ μ£½λŠ” 일은 λΆ€μ§€κΈ°μˆ˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
Fortunately, not everything was as brutal as that.
55
180429
3383
λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ λͺ¨λ“  게 그런 μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μž”μΈν–ˆλ˜ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:03
Young Spartans were also taught how to read,
56
183812
2640
μ–΄λ¦° 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μΈλ“€μ€ μ½λŠ” 법을 μ΅ν˜”κ³ 
03:06
write,
57
186452
830
μž‘λ¬Έκ³Ό
03:07
and dance,
58
187282
1253
좀을 μ΅ν˜”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
which taught them graceful control of their movements
59
188535
2486
좀은 그듀이 μƒκ°ν•˜κΈ°μ— μ›€μ§μž„μ„ μš°μ•„ν•˜κ²Œ μ‘°μ •ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
03:11
and helped them in combat.
60
191021
1740
그리고 싸움에도 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:12
While the responsibilities for the girls of Sparta were different,
61
192761
3127
μ—¬μžμ•„μ΄λ“€μ˜ 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μ˜λ¬΄λŠ” 쑰금 λ‹¬λžμ§€λ§Œ
03:15
the high standards of excellence
62
195888
1699
ν›Œλ₯­ν•¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ 높은 κΈ°μ€€
03:17
and expectation to serve Sparta with their lives remained the same.
63
197587
4441
그리고 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€λ₯Ό κ³„μ†ν•΄μ„œ μœ μ§€ν•˜λŠ”λ°μ— κΈ°μ—¬ν•  것을 κΈ°λŒ€λ°›μ€ 것은 κ°™μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:22
Spartan girls lived at home with their mothers as they attended school.
64
202028
3381
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€ μ—¬μžμ•„μ΄λ“€μ€ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆμ™€ μ§‘μ—μ„œ μ‚΄μ•˜κ³  학ꡐ도 λ‹€λ…”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:25
Their curriculum included the arts,
65
205409
2090
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ ꡐ과과정엔 미술과
03:27
music,
66
207499
1069
μŒμ•…
03:28
dance,
67
208568
894
μΆ€
03:29
reading,
68
209462
776
읽기
03:30
and writing.
69
210238
1221
μž‘λ¬Έμ΄ λ“€μ–΄κ°”μ£ .
03:31
And to stay in peak physical condition, they learned a variety of sports,
70
211459
3801
그리고 μ΅œμƒμ˜ 신체 μ»¨λ””μ…˜ μœ μ§€λ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 슀포츠λ₯Ό λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:35
such as discus,
71
215260
1250
μ›λ°˜λ˜μ§€κΈ°μ™€
03:36
javelin,
72
216510
973
투창
03:37
and horseback riding.
73
217483
1770
그리고 승마 같은 κ²ƒλ“€μ„μš”.
03:39
In Sparta, it was believed that only strong and capable women
74
219253
3500
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ—μ„  였직 κ°•ν•˜κ³  λŠ₯λ ₯μžˆλŠ” μ—¬μ„±λ§Œμ΄
03:42
could bear children that would one day become strong and capable warriors.
75
222753
4742
κ°•ν•˜κ³  λŠ₯λ ₯μžˆλŠ” 전사가 될 아이λ₯Ό 낳을 수 μžˆλ‹€κ³  λ―Ώμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:47
To all Spartans, men and women,
76
227495
3121
λ‚¨μžκ±΄ μ—¬μžκ±΄ 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μΈλ“€μ—κ²Œ
03:50
perhaps the most important lesson from Spartan school
77
230616
2569
ν•™κ΅μ—μ„œ λ°°μš°λŠ” κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μˆ˜μ—…μ€
03:53
was allegiance to Sparta.
78
233185
2288
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ μΆ©μ„±μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:55
To die for their city-state was seen as the completion of one's duty to Sparta.
79
235473
4437
λ„μ‹œλ₯Ό μœ„ν•΄ μ£½λŠ” 것은 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 의무의 μ™„μ„±μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κ²¨μ‘Œμ£ .
03:59
Upon their death,
80
239910
1190
κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ£½μŒμ— μ˜ν•΄...
04:01
only men who died in battle and women who died in childbirth
81
241100
3832
였직 μ „μž₯μ—μ„œ 죽은 λ‚¨μžμ™€ 아이λ₯Ό λ‚³λ‹€ 죽은 μ—¬μžλ§Œμ΄
04:04
were given tombstones.
82
244932
2163
비석을 λ‘˜ 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
In the eyes of their countrymen, both died so that Sparta could live.
83
247095
4369
슀파λ₯΄νƒ€ λ™ν¬λ“€μ˜ λˆˆμ—” κ·Έλ“€μ˜ 죽음이 곧 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μ˜ μ‚Άμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7