How does the Rorschach inkblot test work? - Damion Searls

6,963,678 views ・ 2019-03-05

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Seungmee Yun κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
Take a look at this image.
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이 그림을 ν•œλ²ˆ λ³΄μ„Έμš”.
00:09
What might this be?
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이것은 λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:10
A frightening monster?
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λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ κ΄΄λ¬Ό?
00:12
Two friendly bears?
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μΉœν•œ κ³° 두 마리?
00:13
Or something else entirely?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ μ „ν˜€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ¬΄μ—‡μΌκΉŒμš”?
00:16
For nearly a century,
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ν•œ 세기에 κ°€κΉκ²Œ
00:17
ten inkblots like these have been used
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이와 같은 μ—΄ 가지 μž‰ν¬ 반점 그림은
00:20
as what seems like an almost mystical personality test.
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거의 μ‹ λΉ„λ‘œμš΄ 성격 κ²€μ‚¬μ²˜λŸΌ μ‚¬μš©λ˜μ–΄ μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:24
Long kept confidential for psychologists and their patients,
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μ‹¬λ¦¬μΉ˜λ£Œμ‚¬λ“€κ³Ό κ·Έ ν™˜μžλ“€ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ λΉ„λ°€λ‘œ μ§€μΌœμ§€λ©΄μ„œ
00:27
the mysterious images were said to draw out the workings of a person’s mind.
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μ‹ λΉ„λ‘œμš΄ 그림이 μ‚¬λžŒμ˜ μ •μ‹  μž‘μš©μ„ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄ μ€€λ‹€κ³  μ•Œλ €μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:33
But what can inkblots really tell us,
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그런데 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ μž‰ν¬ λ°˜μ μ—μ„œ 무엇을 μ•Œμ•„λ‚Ό 수 있으며
00:35
and how does this test work?
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이 κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:38
Invented in the early 20th century by Swiss psychiatrist Hermann Rorschach,
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μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ μ •μ‹ κ³Ό μ „λ¬Έμ˜ ν—€λ₯΄λ§Œ 둜λ₯΄μƒ€νκ°€ 20μ„ΈκΈ° μ΄ˆμ— κ³ μ•ˆν•œ 둜λ₯΄μƒ€ν κ²€μ‚¬μ—μ„œ
00:43
the Rorschach Test is actually less about the specific things we see,
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사싀 더 μ€‘μš”ν•œ 것은 μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ μ–΄λ–€ 것을 λ³΄λŠλƒκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
00:47
and more about our general approach to perception.
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인식에 λŒ€ν•œ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ μ ‘κ·Όλ²•μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
As an amateur artist
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μ˜ˆμˆ κ°€λ₯Ό μ§€λ§ν•˜λ˜
00:52
Hermann was fascinated by how visual perception varies from person to person.
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ν—€λ₯΄λ§Œμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ§ˆλ‹€ λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‹œκ°μ„ μΈμ‹ν•œλ‹€λŠ” 사싀에 λ§€λ£ŒλμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
He carried this interest to medical school,
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ν—€λ₯΄λ§Œμ€ 이 관심을 μ§€λ‹ˆκ³  의과 λŒ€ν•™μ— μ§„ν•™ν–ˆκ³ 
00:59
where he learned all our senses are deeply connected.
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우리의 λͺ¨λ“  감각이 깊이 μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŒμ„ μ•Œκ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:03
He studied how our process of perception doesn’t just register sensory inputs,
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인지 κ³Όμ •μ—μ„œ λ“€μ–΄μ˜€λŠ” 감각을 μš°λ¦¬κ°€ κ·Έμ € μΈμ‹ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:08
but transforms them.
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λ³€ν™˜μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€λŠ” 것을 λ°°μ› μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:09
And when he started working at a mental hospital in eastern Switzerland,
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μŠ€μœ„μŠ€ λ™λΆ€μ˜ μ •μ‹  λ³‘μ›μ—μ„œ μΌν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμ„ λ•Œ
01:13
he began designing a series of puzzling images
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이 λΆˆκ°€μ‚¬μ˜ν•œ 과정에 λŒ€ν•œ μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ 톡찰λ ₯을 μ–»κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
01:17
to gain new insight into this enigmatic process.
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일련의 λ‚œν•΄ν•œ 그림듀을 κ³ μ•ˆν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
Using his inkblot paintings,
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μž‰ν¬ 반점 그림을 μ‚¬μš©ν•΄μ„œ
01:23
Rorschach began quizzing hundreds of healthy subjects
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둜λ₯΄μƒ€νλŠ” 수백 λͺ…μ˜ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ‹€ν—˜ μ°Έμ—¬μžλ“€κ³Ό
01:26
and psychiatric patients with the same question:
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μ •μ‹ κ³Ό ν™˜μžλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ μ§ˆλ¬Έμ„ ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:29
what might this be?
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이게 λ­˜κΉŒμš”?
01:31
However, it wasn’t what the test subjects saw that was most important to Rorschach,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 둜λ₯΄μƒ€νμ—κ²Œ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν–ˆλ˜ 것은 μ‹€ν—˜ μ°Έμ—¬μžκ°€ 무엇을 λ³΄μ•˜λŠλƒκ°€ μ•„λ‹ˆλΌ
01:36
but rather, how they approached the task.
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κ·Έ κ³Όμ œμ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ ‘κ·Όν–ˆλŠλƒ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
Which parts of the image did they focus on or ignore?
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μ°Έμ—¬μžλ“€μ΄ 그림의 μ–΄λŠ 뢀뢄에 집쀑을 ν–ˆκ³  μ–΄λ–€ 뢀뢄은 λ¬΄μ‹œν–ˆλŠ”κ°€?
01:42
Did they see the image moving?
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그림이 μ›€μ§μ΄λŠ” κ²ƒμœΌλ‘œ λ³΄μ•˜λŠ”κ°€?
01:44
Did the color on some inkblots help them give better answers,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ μž‰ν¬ 반점 그림에 μžˆλŠ” 색깔이 더 λ‚˜μ€ 닡을 μ–»κ²Œ λ„μ™€μ€¬λŠ”κ°€,
01:48
or distract and overwhelm them?
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μ•„λ‹ˆλ©΄ 주의λ₯Ό 흐트러뜨리고 λ‚œμ²˜ν•˜κ²Œ λ§Œλ“€μ—ˆλŠ”κ°€?
01:51
He developed a system to code people’s responses,
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둜λ₯΄μƒ€νλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 닡변을 ν•΄μ„ν•˜λŠ” 체계λ₯Ό κ°œλ°œν•΄μ„œ
01:54
reducing the wide range of interpretations to a few manageable numbers.
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κ΄‘λ²”μœ„ν•œ ν•΄μ„μ˜ 폭을 관리할 λ§Œν•œ λͺ‡ κ°€μ§€λ‘œ μ€„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:59
Now he had empirical measures to quantify all kinds of test takers:
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이제 ν”Όκ²€μ‚¬μžμ˜ λͺ¨λ“  μœ ν˜•μ„ μ •λŸ‰ν™”ν•  μ‹€ν—˜μ  방법을 κ°–κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
the creative and imaginative,
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창의적이고 상상λ ₯이 ν’λΆ€ν•œ μœ ν˜•.
02:05
the detail-oriented, the big-picture perceivers,
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상세 사항에 μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” μœ ν˜•. 큰 그림을 λ³΄λŠ” μœ ν˜•.
02:08
and flexible participants able to adapt their approach.
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μ ‘κ·Ό 법을 λ°”κΎΈλŠ” μœ μ—°ν•œ μœ ν˜•.
02:12
Some people would get stuck,
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μ—¬λŸ¬ μž₯의 λ°˜μ μ„ 보아도
02:14
offering the same answer for multiple blots.
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틀에 λ°•ν˜€μ„œ λ˜‘κ°™μ€ λ‹΅λ³€λ§Œ λ‚΄λ†“λŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:17
Others gave unusual and delightful descriptions.
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λΉ„λ²”ν•˜κ³  μœ μΎŒν•œ λ¬˜μ‚¬λ₯Ό ν•˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
Responses were as varied as the inkblots,
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μž‰ν¬ 반점만큼 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ 닡변이 μžˆμ—ˆκ³ 
02:22
which offered different kinds of perceptual problems–
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μ—¬λŸ¬ 가지 인식 문제λ₯Ό μ‹œμ‚¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
some easier to interpret than others.
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ν•΄μ„ν•˜κΈ° μ‰¬μš΄ 닡변도 μžˆμ—ˆκ³  μ–΄λ €μš΄ 닡변도 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:28
But analyzing the test-taker’s overall approach
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν”Όκ²€μ‚¬μžλ“€μ˜ μ „λ°˜μ μΈ 접근법을 λΆ„μ„ν•¨μœΌλ‘œμ¨
02:31
yielded real insights into their psychology.
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심리에 λŒ€ν•œ 참된 톡찰λ ₯을 얻을 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
And as Rorschach tested more and more people,
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둜λ₯΄μƒ€νκ°€ 점점 더 λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κ²€μ‚¬ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:37
patterns began to pile up.
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νŒ¨ν„΄μ΄ μŒ“μ΄κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Healthy subjects with the same personalities
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λ™μΌν•œ 성격을 μ§€λ‹Œ κ±΄κ°•ν•œ μ°Έμ—¬μžλ“€μ€
02:42
often took remarkably similar approaches.
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μ’…μ’… λ†€λžλ„λ‘ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 접근법을 μ·¨ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:45
Patients suffering from the same mental illnesses
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λ™μΌν•œ μ •μ‹  μ§ˆν™˜μ„ μ•“λŠ” ν™˜μžλ“€ μ—­μ‹œ
02:47
also performed similarly,
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μœ μ‚¬ν•˜κ²Œ λ°˜μ‘ν•˜μ—¬
02:49
making the test a reliable diagnostic tool.
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λ³Έ κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” 진단 λ„κ΅¬λ‘œμ„œ 신빙성을 κ°–κ²Œ λμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
It could even diagnose some conditions
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기쑴의 λ‹€λ₯Έ λ°©λ²•λ“€λ‘œλŠ”
02:55
difficult to pinpoint with other available methods.
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μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 집어내기 μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ§ˆν™˜κΉŒμ§€λ„ 진단할 수 μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
In 1921,
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1921년에
03:00
Rorschach published his coding system alongside the ten blots he felt
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둜λ₯΄μƒ€νλŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 인식 접근법을 κ°€μž₯ 잘 보여쀀닀고 μƒκ°ν•œ
03:05
gave the most nuanced picture of people’s perceptual approach.
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μ—΄ 가지 μž‰ν¬ 반점 κ·Έλ¦Όκ³Ό ν•¨κ»˜ μžμ‹ μ˜ 해석 체계λ₯Ό μΆœνŒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Over the next several decades,
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κ·Έ ν›„ μˆ˜μ‹­μ—¬ λ…„ λ™μ•ˆ
03:11
the test became wildly popular in countries around the world.
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이 검사 방법은 전세계 μ—¬λŸ¬λ‚˜λΌμ—μ„œ 선풍적인 인기λ₯Ό λŒμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
By the 1960s,
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1960λ…„λŒ€ μ‹œμ μ—μ„œ
03:17
it had been officially administered millions of times in the U.S. alone.
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이 검사가 κ³΅μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ 행해진 νšŸμˆ˜κ°€ λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλ§Œ 수백만 λ²ˆμ— λ‹¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
Unfortunately, less than a year after publishing the test,
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μ•ˆνƒ€κΉκ²Œλ„ 검사λ₯Ό μΆœνŒν•œ 지 일 년도 λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„μ„œ
03:24
Hermann Rorschach had died suddenly.
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κ°‘μž‘μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ ν—€λ₯΄λ§Œ 둜λ₯΄μƒ€νκ°€ μ‚¬λ§ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:27
Without its inventor to keep it on track,
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검사가 μ œλŒ€λ‘œ 된 λ°©λ²•μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜λ„λ‘ μ§€μΌœλ³Ό κ°œλ°œμžκ°€ μ—†μ—ˆκΈ°μ—
03:29
the test he had methodically gathered so much data to support
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둜λ₯΄μƒ€νκ°€ μ²΄κ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ λ°©λŒ€ν•œ 자료λ₯Ό μˆ˜μ§‘ν•˜μ—¬ λ’·λ°›μΉ¨ν•œ 이 κ²€μ‚¬λŠ”
03:32
began to be used in all sorts of speculative ways.
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μ˜¨κ°– 좔츑이 λ‚œλ¬΄ν•˜λŠ” λ°©μ‹μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬μš©λ˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:36
Researchers gave the test to Nazi war criminals,
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μ—°κ΅¬μžλ“€μ€ λ‚˜μΉ˜ μ „λ²”λ“€μ—κ²Œ 이 검사λ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν•˜μ—¬
03:39
hoping to unlock the psychological roots of mass murder.
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λŒ€λŸ‰ ν•™μ‚΄μ˜ 심리적 근본을 λ°ν˜€λ‚΄κ³ μž ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:43
Anthropologists showed the images to remote communities
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인λ₯˜ν•™μžλ“€μ€ 이 그림듀을 μΌμ’…μ˜ 보편 성격 κ²€μ‚¬λ‘œ
03:46
as a sort of universal personality test.
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μ˜€μ§€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ—κ²Œ λ³΄μ—¬μ€¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:49
Employers made prejudiced hiring decisions based on reductive decoding charts.
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κ³ μš©μ£Όλ“€μ€ ν™˜μ›μ  해석 λ„ν‘œμ— κΈ°λ°˜ν•˜μ—¬ 편ν–₯된 고용 결정을 λ‚΄λ ΈμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:54
As the test left clinics and entered popular culture
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λ³Έ 검사가 병원을 λ– λ‚˜ λŒ€μ€‘ λ¬Έν™”λ‘œ μ§„μž…ν•¨μ— 따라
03:58
its reputation among medical professionals plummeted,
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μ˜ν•™ μ „λ¬Έκ°€λ“€μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ ν‰νŒμ΄ λ°”λ‹₯에 λ–¨μ–΄μ‘Œκ³ 
04:01
and the blots began to fall out of clinical use.
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μž‰ν¬ 반점 그림듀은 μž„μƒμ  μ‚¬μš©μ—μ„œ μ œμ™Έλ˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:05
Today, the test is still controversial,
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ³Έ κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ λ…ΌμŸ 거리이며
04:08
and many people assume it has been disproven.
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였λ₯˜κ°€ μž…μ¦λλ‹€κ³  μ—¬κΈ°λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:10
But a massive 2013 review of all the existing Rorschach research
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 2013년에 κΈ°μ‘΄ λͺ¨λ“  둜λ₯΄μƒ€ν 연ꡬ에 λŒ€ν•œ λŒ€κ·œλͺ¨ κ²€ν† κ°€ μ΄λ£¨μ–΄μ‘ŒλŠ”λ°
04:15
showed that when administered properly the test yields valid results,
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μ μ ˆν•˜κ²Œ 검사λ₯Ό μ‹€ν–‰ν•  경우 νƒ€λ‹Ήν•œ κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 얻을 수 있으며
04:20
which can help diagnose mental illness
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이λ₯Ό 톡해 μ§ˆν™˜μ„ μ§„λ‹¨ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
04:22
or round out a patient’s psychological profile.
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ν™˜μžμ˜ 심리적 κ°œμš”λ₯Ό μ„€λͺ…ν•˜λŠ” 데에 도움이 λœλ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:26
It’s hardly a stand-alone key to the human mind–
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λ³Έ 검사가 μΈκ°„μ˜ 정신에 λŒ€ν•œ 만λŠ₯ μ—΄μ‡ λΌκ³ λŠ” ν•  수 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
no test is.
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그런 κ²€μ‚¬λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:30
But its visual approach and lack of any single right answer
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ³Έ κ²€μ‚¬μ˜ μ‹œκ°μ  접근법과 ν•˜λ‚˜μ˜ 닡은 μ—†λ‹€λŠ” 사싀 λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
04:34
continue to help psychologists paint a more nuanced picture
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아직도 μ‹¬λ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ 세상을 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ λ°”λΌλ³΄λŠ”κ°€μ— λŒ€ν•΄μ„œ
04:38
of how people see the world.
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더 ν’λΆ€ν•œ 정보λ₯Ό μ–»μ–΄λ‚΄λŠ” 데에 도움을 받을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:40
Bringing us one step closer
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우리의 인식 뒀에 μˆ¨κ²¨μ§„ νŒ¨ν„΄μ„ μ΄ν•΄ν•˜λŠ” 데에
04:41
to understanding the patterns behind our perceptions.
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ν•œ 걸음 더 λ‹€κ°€μ„€ 수 있게 ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 것이죠.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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