What causes headaches? - Dan Kwartler

6,606,531 views ・ 2018-04-12

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Chris Lim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:07
In ancient Greece, headaches were considered powerful afflictions.
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κ³ λŒ€ κ·Έλ¦¬μŠ€μ—μ„œ, 두톡은 κ°•λ ₯ν•œ κ³ ν†΅μœΌλ‘œ μ—¬κ²¨μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
Victims prayed for relief from Asclepius, the god of medicine.
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ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ 의술의 μ‹  μ•„μŠ€ν΄λ ˆν”Όμ•„λ‹€μ΄μ—κ²Œ μ•ˆμ •μ„ μœ„ν•΄ κΈ°λ„ν–ˆμ£ .
00:16
And if pain continued,
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λ§Œμ•½ 고톡이 κ³„μ†λ˜λ©΄
00:18
a medical practitioner would perform the best-known remedyβ€”
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μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” 잘 μ•Œλ €μ§„ 치료 방법을 μ‚¬μš©ν–ˆμ£ .
00:21
drilling a small hole in the skull to drain supposedly infected blood.
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κ°μ—Όλœ ν”Όλ₯Ό λΉΌλ‚΄κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ λ‘κ°œκ³¨μ— μž‘μ€ ꡬ멍을 λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:28
This dire technique, called trepanation,
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이 λ”μ°ν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ€, 두뢀 절개술이라고 뢈렸죠.
00:31
often replaced the headache with a more permanent condition.
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더 영ꡬ적인 μƒνƒœλ‘œ 두톡을 λŒ€μ²΄ν•˜λŠ” 것이죠.
00:35
Fortunately, doctors today don’t resort to power tools to cure headaches.
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λ‹€ν–‰νžˆλ„ μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” 두톡 μΉ˜λ£Œμ— 이런 방법을 쓰지 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:40
But we still have a lot to learn about this ancient ailment.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ μ—¬μ „νžˆ 이 κ³ λŒ€ μ§ˆλ³‘μ— κ΄€ν•΄ 배울 것이 λ§ŽμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:45
Today, we’ve classified headaches into two campsβ€”
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚ , 두톡을 두 κ°€μ§€λ‘œ λΆ„λ₯˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
primary headaches
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1μ°¨ 두톡,
00:49
and secondary headaches.
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2μ°¨ λ‘ν†΅μœΌλ‘œμš”.
00:50
The former are not symptomatic of an underlying disease, injury, or condition;
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μ „μžλŠ” 근본적 μ§ˆλ³‘, μƒν•΄λ‚˜ μƒνƒœμ˜ 증상이 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:55
they are the condition.
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그것이 μ•„ν”ˆ μƒνƒœμ΄μ£ .
00:57
But we’ll come back to them in a minute
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곧 이 μ–˜κΈ°λ₯Ό ν•΄λ“œλ¦¬κ² μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:59
because while primary headaches account for 50% of reported cases,
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1μ°¨ 두톡이 μ•Œλ €μ§„ μ‚¬λ‘€μ˜ 50%λ₯Ό μ°¨μ§€ν•˜κΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
01:03
we actually know much more about secondary headaches.
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2μ°¨ 두톡에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 훨씬 많이 μ•Œκ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
These are caused by other health problems,
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2μ°¨ 두톡은 λ‹€λ₯Έ κ±΄κ°•λ¬Έμ œ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— μƒκΉλ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:10
with triggers ranging from dehydration and caffeine withdrawal
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νƒˆμˆ˜μ¦κ³Ό 카페인 κΈˆλ‹¨ 증상뢀터
01:14
to head and neck injury,
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머리와 λͺ©μ˜ 뢀상, 심μž₯λ³‘κΉŒμ§€μš”.
01:15
and heart disease.
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01:17
Doctors have classified over 150 diagnosable types,
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μ˜μ‚¬λŠ” 150개 μ΄μƒμ˜ 진단 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλ₯Ό κ΅¬λΆ„ν•΄μ™”μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:22
all with different potential causes, symptoms, and treatments.
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λ‹€λ₯Έ 잠재적 원인, 증상, μΉ˜λ£Œμ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ λ§μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
But we’ll take just one common case β€”a sinus infectionβ€”as an example.
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뢀비동염 같은 ν”ν•œ 경우λ₯Ό λ‹€λ£° κ²λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:31
The sinuses are a system of cavities
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뢀비동은 빈 곡간 μ²΄κ³„λ‘œ
01:34
that spread behind our foreheads, noses, and upper cheeks.
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이마, 코와 λ³Ό μœ„μͺ½μ— νΌμ ΈμžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
When our sinuses are infected,
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뢀비동이 κ°μ—Όλ˜λ©΄
01:40
our immune response heats up the area,
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면역계가 κ·Έ λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 열을 올렀
01:43
roasting the bacteria and inflaming the cavities well past their usual size.
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λ°•ν…Œλ¦¬μ•„λ₯Ό λΆˆμ— 달ꡬ고 ν‰μ†Œ 크기보닀 크게 λΆ“κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
The engorged sinuses put pressure on the cranial arteries and veins,
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λΆ€μ–΄μ˜€λ₯Έ 뢀비동은 λ‘κ°œ 동λ§₯κ³Ό μ •λ§₯
01:54
as well as muscles in the neck and head.
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λͺ©κ³Ό 머리 κ·Όμœ‘μ—λ„ 압박을 μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:57
Their pain receptors, called nociceptors, trigger in response,
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톡각 세포라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 톡증 수용 기관은
02:01
cueing the brain to release a flood of neuropeptides
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μ‹ κ²½ 전달 λ¬Όμ§ˆμ„ λ‹€λŸ‰ λ°°μΆœμ‹œν‚€λŠ” λ°˜μ‘μ„ μΌμœΌν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
that inflame the cranial blood vessels, swelling and heating up the head.
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λ‡Œλ₯Ό κΈ΄μž₯μ‹œμΌœ λ‘κ°œκ³¨ ν˜ˆκ΄€μ„ νŒ½μ°½μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
머리λ₯Ό λΆ“κ³  열이 λ‚˜κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
This discomfort, paired with hyper-sensitive head muscles,
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이 λΆˆνŽΈν•¨μ€ κ·Ήλ„λ‘œ λ―Όκ°ν•œ 머리 근윑과 κ²°ν•©λ˜μ–΄μ„œ
02:13
creates the sore, throbbing pain of a headache.
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두톡에 μ‘€μ‹œλŠ” λ“―ν•œ 톡증을 μœ λ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
Not all headache pain comes from swelling.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λͺ¨λ“  두톡이 λΆ“λŠ”λ‹€κ³  생기진 μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:20
Tense muscles and inflamed, sensitive nerves
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κΈ΄μž₯된 근윑과 염증이 μžˆλŠ” λ―Όκ°ν•œ 신경은
02:23
cause varying degrees of discomfort in each headache.
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각각의 두톡에 λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ λΆˆνŽΈν•¨μ„ μ•ΌκΈ°μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:27
But all cases are reactions to some cranial irritant.
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ λͺ¨λ“  κ²½μš°λŠ”
일뢀 λ‘κ°œκ³¨ κ²½μš°λŠ” μžκ·Ήμ— λŒ€ν•œ λ°˜μ‘μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
While the cause is clear in secondary headaches,
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2μ°¨ λ‘ν†΅μ˜ 원인은 λΆ„λͺ…ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
02:34
the origins of primary headaches remain unknown.
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1μ°¨ λ‘ν†΅μ˜ 원인은 μ•Œλ €μ§€μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:39
Scientists are still investigating potential triggers
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ—¬μ „νžˆ μ—°κ΅¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:41
for the three types of primary headaches:
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μ„Έ 가지 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ 1μ°¨ λ‘ν†΅μ˜ 원인을 말이죠.
02:44
recurring, long-lasting migraines;
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μž¬λ°œν•˜κ³  였래 μ§€μ†λ˜λŠ” νŽΈλ‘ν†΅,
02:46
intensely painful, rapid-fire cluster headaches;
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κ·Ήμ‹¬ν•˜κ²Œ κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ½κ³  μ˜μ•„λŒ€λŠ” 두톡
02:50
and, most common of all, the tension headache.
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κ°€μž₯ ν”ν•œ κΈ΄μž₯μ„± λ‘ν†΅μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:53
As the name suggests,
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이름이 말해 주듯이
02:55
tension headaches are known for creating the sensation
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κΈ΄μž₯μ„± 두톡은 꽉 μ‘°μ΄λŠ” λ°΄λ“œκ°€ 머리에 μžˆλŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ΄λΌκ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
of a tight band squeezed around the head.
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03:02
These headaches increase the tenderness of the pericranial muscles,
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이런 두톡은 연동 근윑의 λΆ€λ“œλŸ¬μ›€μ„ μ¦κ°€μ‹œν‚€κ³ 
03:05
which then painfully pulse with blood and oxygen.
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피와 μ‚°μ†Œλ‘œ κ³ ν†΅μŠ€λŸ½κ²Œ κ³ λ™μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:09
Patients report stress, dehydration, and hormone changes as triggers,
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ν™˜μžλ“€μ€ μ›μΈμœΌλ‘œ 슀트레슀, νƒˆμˆ˜μ™€ 호λ₯΄λͺ¬ λ³€ν™”λ₯Ό λ§ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
03:14
but these don’t fit the symptoms quite right.
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증상과 λ”± λ§žμ§€λŠ” μ•ŠμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:17
For example, in dehydration headaches,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, νƒˆμˆ˜μ„± 두톡을 보면
03:20
the frontal lobe actually shrinks away from the skull,
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전두엽은 μ‹€μ œλ‘œ λ‘κ°œκ³¨μ—μ„œ 점점 μž‘μ•„μ§€λ©΄μ„œ
03:23
creating forehead swelling
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이마의 λΆ€κΈ°λ₯Ό μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ”λ°
03:25
that doesn’t match the location of the pain in tension headaches.
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κΈ΄μž₯μ„± λ‘ν†΅μ˜ ν†΅μ¦μ˜ μœ„μΉ˜μ™€ μΌμΉ˜ν•˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:29
Scientists have theories for what the actual cause is,
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κ³Όν•™μžλ“€μ€ μ‹€μ œ 원인이 무엇인지 이둠을 가지고 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:32
ranging from spasming blood vessels
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ν˜ˆκ΄€ κ²½λ ¨λΆ€ν„° κ³Όλ―Όμ„± ν†΅κ°μˆ˜μš©μ²΄κΉŒμ§€ μžˆμ§€λ§Œ
03:34
to overly sensitive nociceptors,
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03:37
but no one knows for sure.
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아무도 ν™•μ‹ ν•˜μ§€λŠ” λͺ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:39
Meanwhile, most headache research is focused on more severe primary headaches.
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κ·Έ λ™μ•ˆ λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 두톡 μ—°κ΅¬λŠ”
더 μ‹¬κ°ν•œ 1μ°¨ 두톡에 μ΄ˆμ μ„ λ§žμΆ”μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
Migraines are recurring headaches, which create a vise-like sensation on the skull
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νŽΈλ‘ν†΅μ€ λ°˜λ³΅λ˜λŠ” λ‘ν†΅μœΌλ‘œ
λ‘κ°œκ³¨μ΄ λ‹¨λ‹¨νžˆ μ‘°μ΄λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ΄ λ“€κ³ 
03:50
that can last from four hours to three days.
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4μ‹œκ°„μ—μ„œ 3μΌκΉŒμ§€ 지속될 수 있죠.
03:53
In 20% of cases, these attacks are intense enough
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20%의 κ²½μš°μ— 이 고톡이 κ°•ν•΄μ„œ
03:57
to overload the brain with electrical energy,
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μ „κΈ° μ—λ„ˆμ§€λ‘œ λ‡Œκ°€ κ³ΌλΆ€ν•˜κ°€ 걸릴 정도이며
04:00
which hyper-excites sensory nerve endings.
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감각 μ‹ κ²½ 말단을 κ³Όν₯λΆ„μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
This produces hallucinations called auras,
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이것은 μ•„μš°λΌλΌλŠ” ν™˜κ°μ„ μΌμœΌν‚€λŠ”λ°
04:06
which can include seeing flashing lights
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λ²ˆμ©μ΄λŠ” λΉ›κ³Ό κΈ°ν•˜ν•™μ  λͺ¨μ–‘이 λ³΄μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
04:08
and geometric patterns and experiencing tingling sensations.
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λ”°λ”κ±°λ¦¬λŠ” λŠλ‚Œμ΄ λ‚  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:13
Cluster headaches, another primary headache type,
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κ΅°λ°œμ„± 두톡, 또 λ‹€λ₯Έ 1μ°¨ 두톡은
04:16
cause burning, stabbing bursts of pain behind one eye,
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ν•œμͺ½ 눈 λ’€μ—μ„œ νƒ€λŠ” λ“―ν•˜κ³  찌λ₯΄λŠ” 고톡을 μœ λ°œν•˜κ³ 
04:20
leading to a red eye, constricted pupil, and drooping eyelid.
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좩혈, μˆ˜μΆ•λœ 동곡, λˆˆκΊΌν’€μ΄ μ³μ§€κ²Œ ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:25
What can be done about these conditions,
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λ§Žμ€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μ‚Άμ˜ μ§ˆμ— 크게 영ν–₯을 λ―ΈμΉ˜λŠ”
04:28
which dramatically affect many people’s quality of life?
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 쑰건듀에 λŒ€ν•΄ 무엇을 ν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:31
Tension headaches and most secondary cases
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κΈ΄μž₯μ„± 두톡과 λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ 2μ°¨ λ‘ν†΅μ˜ 경우
04:34
can be treated with over-the-counter pain medications,
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μ²˜λ°©μ „ 없이 μ‚΄ 수 μžˆλŠ” μ§„ν†΅μ œλ‘œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
such as anti-inflammatory drugs that reduce cranial swelling.
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μ†Œμ—Όμ œ 같은 λ‘κ°œκ³¨μ΄ λΆ“λŠ” ν˜•μƒμ„ μ€„μ΄λŠ” μ•½ 말이죠.
04:41
And many secondary headache triggers,
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그리고 λ§Žμ€ 2μ°¨ 두톡은
04:43
like dehydration,
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νƒˆμˆ˜μ¦,
04:44
eye strain,
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눈의 ν”Όλ‘œμ™€
04:45
and stress,
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μŠ€νŠΈλ ˆμŠ€μ™€ 같은 것을
04:47
can be proactively avoided.
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적극적으둜 ν”Όν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:49
Migraines and cluster headaches are more complicated,
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νŽΈλ‘ν†΅κ³Ό κ΅°λ°œμ„± 두톡은 더 λ³΅μž‘ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
04:51
and we haven’t yet discovered reliable treatments that work for everyone.
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아직 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆλŠ” 믿을 λ§Œν•œ μΉ˜λ£Œλ²•μ„ λ°œκ²¬ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:56
But thankfully, pharmacologists and neurologists are hard at work
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κ·ΈλŸ¬λ‚˜ κ³ λ§™κ²Œλ„ μ•½λ¦¬ν•™μžλ“€κ³Ό μ‹ κ²½ν•™μžλ“€μ€
05:00
cracking these pressing mysteries that weigh so heavily on our minds.
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우리 λ§ˆμŒμ„ μ§“λˆ„λ₯΄λŠ” κΈ΄κΈ‰ν•œ 문제λ₯Ό μ—΄μ‹¬νžˆ ν’€κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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