How to stay calm under pressure - Noa Kageyama and Pen-Pen Chen

7,178,442 views

2018-05-21 ・ TED-Ed


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How to stay calm under pressure - Noa Kageyama and Pen-Pen Chen

7,178,442 views ・ 2018-05-21

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Mihye SON κ²€ν† : Won Jang
00:06
Your favorite athlete closes in for a victorious win.
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당신이 κ°€μž₯ μ’‹μ•„ν•˜λŠ” μš΄λ™μ„ μˆ˜κ°€ μŠΉλ¦¬ν•˜κΈ° μ§μ „μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:10
The crowd holds its breath,
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관쀑듀도 μˆ¨μ„ μ°ΈλŠ”
00:12
and, at the crucial moment, she misses the shot.
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κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μˆœκ°„μ— κ·Έλ…€λŠ” μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³  λ§™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
That competitor just experienced the phenomenon known as "choking,"
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이 μ„ μˆ˜λŠ” 방금 "κΈ΄μž₯"μ΄λΌλŠ” ν˜„μƒμ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•œ κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:19
where despite months, even years, of practice,
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λͺ‡ 달, μ‹¬μ§€μ–΄λŠ” λͺ‡ λ…„μ˜ μ—°μŠ΅μ„ ν•˜κ³ λ„
00:22
a person fails right when it matters most.
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μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ κ°€μž₯ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μˆœκ°„μ— μ‹€μˆ˜λ₯Ό ν•˜κ³ λŠ” ν•˜μ§€μš”.
00:24
Choking is common in sports,
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μŠ€ν¬μΈ μ—μ„œλŠ” 이런 ν˜„μƒμ΄ 자주 λ‚˜νƒ€λ‚˜λŠ”λ°
00:26
where performance often occurs under intense pressure
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맀우 κ°•ν•œ μ••λ°• μ†μ—μ„œ μ„±κ³Όλ₯Ό 보여주어야 ν•˜κ³ 
00:29
and depends on key moments.
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핡심적인 μˆœκ°„λ“€μ— κ·Έ κ²°κ³Όκ°€ λ‹¬λ €μžˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:31
And yet, performance anxiety also haunts public speakers,
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이런 μˆ˜ν–‰λΆˆμ•ˆμ€ λŒ€μ€‘ μ—°μ„€κ°€λ“€κ³Ό,
00:35
contestants in spelling bees,
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μŠ€νŽ λ§λΉ„ λŒ€νšŒ μ°Έκ°€μžλ“€μ΄λ‚˜,
00:37
and even world-famous musicians.
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μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 유λͺ…ν•œ κ°€μˆ˜λ“€μ—κ²Œλ„ μ•…λͺ½μ²˜λŸΌ λ”°λΌλ‹€λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
Most people intuitively blame it on their nerves,
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λŒ€λΆ€λΆ„μ˜ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ 이λ₯Ό κΈ΄μž₯ν•΄μ„œλΌκ³  λ§ν•˜λŠ”λ°
00:42
but why does being nervous undermine expert performance?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ κΈ΄μž₯은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μˆ™λ ¨λœ λŠ₯λ ₯을 λ§μ³λ²„λ¦¬κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:46
There are two sets of theories,
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이에 λŒ€ν•΄μ„œλŠ” 크게 두 갈래의 이둠이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
which both say that primarily, choking under pressure boils down to focus.
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두 가지 λͺ¨λ‘ 숨 λ§‰νžˆλŠ” 압박감이 집쀑λ ₯을 μ €ν•˜μ‹œν‚¨λ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ… ν•˜μ§€μš”.
00:54
First, there are the distraction theories.
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첫 λ²ˆμ§ΈλŠ” λΆ„μ‚°μ΄λ‘ λ“€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:57
These suggest that performance suffers when the mind is preoccupied
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이 이둠듀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ μˆ˜ν–‰λŠ₯λ ₯은
κ±±μ •, μ˜μ‹¬, 뢄노에 μ‚¬λ‘œμž‘ν˜€ μžˆμ„ λ•Œ 타격을 λ°›κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:00
with worries, doubts, or fears,
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01:02
instead of focusing its attention on performing the task at hand.
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λ‹Ήλ©΄ν•œ κ³Όμ œμ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμ΄μ§€μš”.
01:07
When relevant and irrelevant thoughts compete for the same attention,
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λ‹Ήλ©΄ν•œ κ³Όμ œμ™€ μƒκ΄€μžˆλŠ” 생각과 μ—†λŠ” 생각이 λ¨Έλ¦Ώμ†μ—μ„œ κ²½μŸμ„ ν•˜λ©΄
01:11
something has to give.
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λ‘˜ 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜λŠ” 양보 ν•  μˆ˜λ°–μ— μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
The brain can only process so much information at once.
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우리의 λ‡ŒλŠ” ν•œ λ²ˆμ— 그만큼의 μ •λ³΄λ§Œμ„ μ²˜λ¦¬ν•  수 있기 λ•Œλ¬Έμ΄μ§€μš”.
01:16
Tasks that challenge working memory,
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μ „ν™”λ²ˆν˜Έλ‚˜ μ‡Όν•‘λ¦¬μŠ€νŠΈ 등을 μΌμ‹œμ μœΌλ‘œ κΈ°μ–΅ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄ 쓰이며
01:18
the mental β€œscratch pad” we use
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μ •μ‹ μ˜ "λ©”λͺ¨μž₯"μœΌλ‘œλ„ λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” μž‘μ—… 기얡을 μ΄μš©ν•˜λŠ” κ³Όμ œλ“€μ΄
01:20
to temporarily store phone numbers and grocery lists,
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01:23
are especially vulnerable to pressure.
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특히 압박에 μ·¨μ•½ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
In a 2004 study, a group of university students
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2004λ…„ ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œλŠ” 일련의 λŒ€ν•™μƒ κ·Έλ£Ήμ—κ²Œ
01:30
were asked to perform math problems,
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μˆ˜ν•™λ¬Έμ œλ₯Ό 풀라고 μ‹œμΌ°μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
some easy, others more complex and memory-intensive.
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λͺ‡ κ°œλŠ” μ‰¬μš΄ λ¬Έμ œμ˜€κ³ , λͺ‡ κ°œλŠ” λ³΅μž‘ν•˜κ³  μ•”κΈ°ν•˜λŠ” λ¬Έμ œμ˜€μ£ .
01:36
Half the students completed both problem types with nothing at stake,
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절반의 학생듀은 두 μœ ν˜• λͺ¨λ‘ μ•ˆμ •λœ μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ ν’€μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:40
while the others completed them when calm and under pressure.
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λ‚˜λ¨Έμ§€ 학생듀은 λ¬Έμ œμ— λ”°λΌμ„œ νŽΈμ•ˆν•œ μƒνƒœλ‘œ ν’€κ±°λ‚˜
압박을 받기도 ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:44
While everyone did well on the easy problems,
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λͺ¨λ‘κ°€ μ‰¬μš΄ λ¬Έμ œμ—λŠ” 잘 ν•΄λƒˆμ§€λ§Œ
01:47
those who were stressed performed worse
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슀트레슀λ₯Ό 받은 학생듀은
μ–΄λ €μš΄ μ•”κΈ° μœ ν˜• λ¬Έμ œμ—μ„œ 더 μ•ˆ 쒋은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:49
on the more difficult, memory-intensive tasks.
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01:52
Explicit monitoring theories make up the second group of explanations
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반면 μ™ΈλΆ€κ΄€μ°°μžμ΄λ‘ μ€ μ••λ°• μ†μ—μ„œ λŠλΌλŠ”
01:56
for choking under pressure.
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κΈ΄μž₯을 μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” 두 번째 μ΄λ‘ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
They’re concerned with how pressure
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이 이둠듀은 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ 압박감이
01:59
can cause people to overanalyze the task at hand.
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주어진 과제λ₯Ό ν™•λŒ€ν•΄μ„ν•˜κ²Œ ν•˜λŠ”μ§€ μ„€λͺ…ν•΄μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:03
Here, the logic goes that once a skill becomes automatic,
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이에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄, μ–΄λ–€ 기술이 μžλ™ν™” λ˜κ³ λ‚˜λ©΄
02:06
thinking about its precise mechanics interferes with your ability to do it.
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μ •ν™•ν•œ 원리λ₯Ό μƒκ°ν•˜λŠ” 것이 였히렀 κ·Έ 기술의 μˆ˜ν–‰μ„ λ§μΉ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
Tasks we do unconsciously seem to be most vulnerable to this kind of choking.
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μš°λ¦¬κ°€ λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ ν•˜λŠ” 행동듀이 이런 μ’…λ₯˜μ˜ κΈ΄μž₯에 κ°€μž₯ μ·¨μ•½ν•˜μ§€μš”.
02:16
A study on competitive golfers compared their performance
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골프 μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ ν•œ μ—°κ΅¬μ—μ„œ
02:20
when instructed to simply focus on putting as accurately as possible,
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λ‹¨μˆœνžˆ μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ 곡을 치라고 μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μ„ λ•Œμ™€
02:23
versus when they were primed to be acutely aware
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타격을 ν•  λ•Œμ˜ 원리λ₯Ό μ •ν™•ν•˜κ²Œ μΈμ‹ν•˜λΌλŠ” μ§€μ‹œλ₯Ό λ°›μ•˜μ„ λ•Œμ˜
02:26
of the mechanics of their putting stroke.
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κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό 비ꡐ해 λ³΄μ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
Golfers usually perform this action subconsciously,
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골프 μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ€ 보톡 λ¬΄μ˜μ‹μ μœΌλ‘œ ν–‰λ™ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
so those who suddenly tuned in to the precise details of their own moves
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κ·Έλž˜μ„œ κ°‘μžκΈ° μžμ‹ μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ— μ„Έμ„Έν•œ 뢀뢄을 μ‹ κ²½ μ“°λΌλŠ” μš”κ΅¬λ₯Ό λ°›μœΌλ©΄
02:36
also became worse at making accurate shots.
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였히렀 μ •ν™•ν•œ 샷을 치기 μ–΄λ €μ›Œμ§€μ§€μš”.
02:39
Choking may not be inevitable for everyone though.
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€κ³  κΈ΄μž₯μ΄λΌλŠ” 것이 λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ λ¬Έμ œκ°€ λ˜λŠ” 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:42
Research suggests that some are more susceptible than others,
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연ꡬ듀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ μ–΄λ–€ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€ λ‹€λ₯Έ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€λ³΄λ‹€ 더 μ˜ˆλ―Όν•˜λ‹€κ³  ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
especially those who are self-conscious,
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특히 μžμ˜μ‹μ΄ κ°•ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜
02:48
anxious,
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λΆˆμ•ˆμ¦μ΄ μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
02:49
and afraid of being judged negatively by others.
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타인에 μ˜ν•œ 뢀정적인 평가가 λ‘λ €μš΄ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ΄ κ·Έλ ‡μ§€μš”.
02:52
So, how can we avoid choking when it really counts?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ μ •λ§λ‘œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ μˆœκ°„μ— μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ κΈ΄μž₯을 ν”Όν•  수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
02:55
First, it helps to practice under stressful conditions.
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λ¨Όμ €, 슀트레슀λ₯Ό μ£ΌλŠ” μƒν™©μ—μ„œ μ—°μŠ΅ν•˜λŠ” 게 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:58
In a study on expert dart players,
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ν”„λ‘œ λ‹€νŠΈ μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
03:01
researchers found that those who hadn’t practiced under stress
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압박감이 μ—†λŠ” μƒνƒœμ—μ„œ μ—°μŠ΅ν•œ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ€
03:04
performed worse when anxious,
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μ΄ˆμ‘°ν•¨μ„ 느끼면 μ‹€λ ₯이 떨어진닀고 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
compared to those who had become accustomed to pressure.
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압박감에 μ΅μˆ™ν•΄μ§„ μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ€ 그렇지 μ•Šμ•˜μ§€μš”.
03:10
Secondly, many performers extol the virtues of a pre-performance routine,
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λ‘λ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ, 미리 정해진 반볡적인 행동을 ν•˜λŠ” 것이 큰 도움이 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:15
whether it’s taking a few deep breaths,
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μ‹¬ν˜Έν‘μ„ λͺ‡ 번 ν•œλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
03:17
repeating a cue word,
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νŠΉμ •ν•œ 단어λ₯Ό λ°˜λ³΅ν•œλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜
리듬에 따라 행동을 λ°˜λ³΅ν•  수 도 μžˆμ§€μš”.
03:19
or doing a rhythmic sequence of movements.
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03:21
Studies on golfing, bowling, and water polo
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골프, 볼링, 그리고 μˆ˜κ΅¬μ— λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ듀에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
03:24
find that short rituals can lead to more consistent
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μžμ‹ λ§Œμ˜ 짧은 μ˜μ‹λ“€ ν•˜κ³ λ‚˜λ©΄
03:27
and accurate performance under pressure.
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압박감 μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œλ„ μΌμ •ν•˜κ³  μ •ν™•ν•œ μ‹€λ ₯을 보여쀄 수 있게 λ„μ™€μ€λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:30
And thirdly, researchers have shown
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μ„Έλ²ˆμ§Έλ‘œ,
ꢁ극적인 λͺ©ν‘œμ— λŒ€ν•΄ 외뢀적인 집쀑을 ν•˜λŠ” 것이
03:31
that having an external focus on the ultimate goal
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03:35
works better than an internal focus,
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λ‚΄λΆ€μ μœΌλ‘œ μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜μ—¬
03:37
where someone is tuned into the mechanics of what they’re doing.
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μ§€κΈˆ λ‚΄κ°€ 무엇을 ν•˜κ³  μžˆλŠ”μ§€μ— λŒ€ν•΄ 원리λ₯Ό λ”°μ§€λŠ” 것보닀 λ‚«μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:41
A study of experienced golfers revealed that those who hit chip shots
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μˆ™λ ¨λœ 골퍼듀에 λŒ€ν•œ 연ꡬ에 λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄ 칩샷을 μΉ  λ•Œ
03:44
while focused on the flight of the ball
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곡의 λ‚ μ•„κ°€λŠ” ꢀ적에 신경을 μ“°λŠ” μ„ μˆ˜λ“€μ΄
03:47
performed significantly better than those who focused on the motion of their arms.
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νŒ”μ˜ μ›€μ§μž„μ— μ§‘μ€‘ν•˜λŠ” μ„ μˆ˜λ“€ 보닀 μ›”λ“±νžˆ 쒋은 κ²°κ³Όλ₯Ό λ³΄μ—¬μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:51
So, perhaps we can modify that age-old saying:
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μ•„λ§ˆλ„ μš°λ¦¬λŠ” 였래된 속담을 쑰금 고쳐야 ν•˜κ² λ„€μš”.
03:54
practice,
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압박감 μ•„λž˜μ—μ„œ, μ§‘μ€‘ν•΄μ„œ, μ›λŒ€ν•œ μ΅œμ’…λͺ©ν‘œλ₯Ό μ§€λ‹Œμ±„ ν•˜λŠ”
03:55
under pressure,
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03:56
with focus,
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03:57
and with that glorious end goal in sight,
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04:00
makes perfect.
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μ—°μŠ΅μ΄ 완벽함을 λ§Œλ“ λ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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