How did Dracula become the world's most famous vampire? - Stanley Stepanic

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2017-04-20 ・ TED-Ed


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How did Dracula become the world's most famous vampire? - Stanley Stepanic

3,845,380 views ・ 2017-04-20

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Oakjin Park
00:05
How did Dracula become the world's most famous vampire?
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λ“œλΌν˜λΌλŠ” μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μ„Έκ³„μ—μ„œ κ°€μž₯ 유λͺ…ν•œ λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
00:08
More than 100 years after his creator was laid to rest,
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λ“œλΌν˜λΌλ₯Ό νƒ„μƒμ‹œν‚¨ 이가 λ– λ‚œ 지 벌써 100년이 λ„˜κ²Œ ν˜λ €μ§€λ§Œ
00:12
Dracula lives on as the most famous vampire in history.
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λ“œλΌν˜λΌλŠ” μ—¬μ „νžˆ 역사상 κ°€μž₯ 유λͺ…ν•œ λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄λ‘œ μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜κ³  μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:18
But this Transylvanian noble,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ νŠΈλž€μ‹€λ°”λ‹ˆμ•„ κ·€μ‘±μ΄μ—ˆλ˜ λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄λŠ”
00:20
neither the first fictional vampire nor the most popular of his time,
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졜초의 μ†Œμ„€ 속 λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄λ‚˜, λ‹ΉλŒ€μ— κ°€μž₯ 유λͺ…ν–ˆλ˜ λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄λ„ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—
00:24
may have remained buried in obscurity if not for a twist of fate.
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κ·Έ ν•œ μˆœκ°„μ˜ μ‚¬κ±΄λ§Œ μ—†μ—ˆλ”λΌλ©΄ λͺ¨λ‘μ—κ²Œ μžŠν˜€μ‘Œμ„μ§€λ„ λͺ¨λ¦…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:30
Dracula's first appearance was in Bram Stoker's 1897 novel of the same name.
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λ“œλΌν˜λΌλŠ” 1897λ…„ 브람 μŠ€ν† μ»€μ˜ μ†Œμ„€, "λ“œλΌν˜λΌ"μ—μ„œ 처음 λ“±μž₯ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:35
But that was far from the beginning of vampire myths.
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ κ·Έλ•Œμ˜ λ“œλΌν˜λΌκ°€ λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄ μ‹ ν™”μ˜ μ‹œμž‘μ΄λΌκ³  λ³Ό μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:39
Blood-sucking monsters had already been part of folklore for at least 800 years.
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ν”Όλ₯Ό λΉ¨μ•„λ¨ΉλŠ” 괴물은 이미 μ „λΆ€ν„° μ•½ 800λ…„κ°„ μ‹ ν™” 속에 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:44
It was Slavic folklore that gave us the word vampire,
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슬라브쑱 μ‹ ν™”λ₯Ό 보면 'λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄'λ‚˜
00:47
or "upir" in Old Russian.
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κ³ λŒ€ λŸ¬μ‹œμ•„μ–΄λ‘œ 'ν‘ν˜ˆκ·€'λΌλŠ” 단어가 λ“±μž₯ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:50
The term's first known written mention comes from the 11th century.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 단어가 처음으둜 기둝된 λ•ŒλŠ” 11μ„ΈκΈ°λ‘œ 거슬러 μ˜¬λΌκ°‘λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:54
Vampire lore in the region predated Christianity's arrival
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λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” 기독ꡐ가 μ •μ°©λ˜κΈ° 이전뢀터 μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆκ³ 
00:58
and persisted despite the church's efforts to eliminate pagan beliefs.
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κ΅νšŒλŠ” 이ꡐ적인 신념을 μ—†μ• λ € λ…Έλ ₯ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” λŠμž„μ—†μ΄ μ‘΄μž¬ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:02
Stories of vampires originated from misinterpretations of diseases,
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사싀 λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄ μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μ„ μ˜€ν•΄ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ μƒκ²¨λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
such as rabies,
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이λ₯Όν…Œλ©΄, κ΄‘κ²¬λ³‘μ΄λ‚˜
01:08
and pellagra,
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펠라그라 (λ‹ˆμ½”ν‹΄ λΆ€μ‘±μœΌλ‘œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” 병),
01:10
and decomposition.
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ν˜Ήμ€ λΆ€νŒ¨μ™€ 같은 것듀이죠.
01:12
In the case of the latter, gasses swelling the body and blood oozing from the mouth
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μ‚¬λžŒμ΄ λΆ€νŒ¨ ν•˜λ©΄ κ°€μŠ€ λ•Œλ¬Έμ— λͺΈμ΄ λΆ€ν’€κ³  μž…μ—μ„œ ν”Όκ°€ μƒˆμ–΄λ‚˜μ™€
01:16
could make a corpse look like it had recently been alive and feeding.
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마치 μ‹œμ²΄κ°€ μ‚΄μ•„μžˆλŠ” κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ 보이기도 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
Vampires were describe as bloated with overgrown teeth and nails.
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λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄λŠ” λͺΈμ΄ λΆ€ν’€κ³  λΎ°μ‘±ν•œ μΉ˜μ•„μ™€ κΈ΄ 손톱을 가진듯이 λ¬˜μ‚¬λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:26
This gave rise to many rituals intended to prevent the dead from rising,
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이 λ•Œλ¬Έμ— 죽은 μžκ°€ λ‹€μ‹œ μ‚΄μ•„λ‚˜μ§€ λͺ»ν•˜λ„둝 ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ‹λ“€μ΄ μƒκ²¨λ‚¬μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:30
such as burying bodies with garlic or poppyseeds,
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이λ₯Ό ν…Œλ©΄, λ§ˆλŠ˜μ΄λ‚˜ μ–‘κ·€λΉ„ 씨λ₯Ό μ‹œμ²΄μ™€ ν•¨κ»˜ λ¬»κ±°λ‚˜
01:33
as well as having them staked,
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λ§λšμ„ λ°•κ±°λ‚˜
01:35
burned,
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νƒœμ›Œλ²„λ¦¬κ±°λ‚˜
01:36
or mutilated.
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μ ˆλ‹¨ν•΄λ²„λ¦½λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:38
Vampire lore remained a local phenomenon until the 18th century
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λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄ μ‹ ν™”λŠ” 18μ„ΈκΈ°κΉŒμ§€ μ„Έλ₯΄λΉ„μ•„ μ§€μ—­μ—μ„œ λ§΄λŒμ•˜μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:42
when Serbia was caught in the struggle between two great powers,
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μ΄λ•ŒλŠ” μ„Έλ₯΄λΉ„μ•„κ°€ 두 κ°•λŒ€κ΅­ 사이에 κ»΄μ„œ νž˜λ“  μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό 보낼 λ•Œμ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
the Habsburg Monarchy
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ν•©μŠ€λΆ€λ₯΄ν¬ κ΅°μ£Όκ΅­κ³Ό
01:47
and Ottoman Empire.
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였슀만 제ꡭ μ‚¬μ΄μ—μ„œ 말이죠.
01:49
Austrian soldiers and government officials observed and documented
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μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„ κ΅°λŒ€μ™€ μ •λΆ€ 관리듀은 이 μ§€μ—­μ˜ μ΄μƒν•œ μž₯λ‘€μ˜μ‹λ“€μ„ λͺ©κ²©ν•˜κ³ 
01:53
the strange local burial rituals,
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이λ₯Ό λ¬Έμ„œλ‘œ λ‚¨κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
and their reports became widely publicized.
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κ·Έ ν›„ μ—¬λŸ¬ 기둝듀이 λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ νΌμ Έλ‚˜κ°€κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:58
The resulting vampire hysteria got so out of hand that in 1755,
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1755λ…„μ—λŠ” λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄ κ³΅ν¬ν˜„μƒμ΄ κ±·μž‘μ„ 수 μ—†κ²Œ 되자,
02:04
the Austrian Empress was forced to dispatch her personal physician.
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μ˜€μŠ€νŠΈλ¦¬μ•„ 여왕은 μžμ‹ μ˜ 주치의λ₯Ό μ•žμ„ΈμšΈ 수 밖에 μ—†μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:08
He investigated and put an end to the rumors
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μ£ΌμΉ˜μ˜λŠ” μ² μ €νžˆ μ‘°μ‚¬ν•œ 끝에 μ†Œλ¬Έλ“€μ„ μž μž¬μšΈλ§Œν•œ
02:11
by publishing a thorough, scientific refutation.
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과학적인 λ°˜λ°•λ“€μ„ κ³΅ν‘œν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
The panic subsided, but the vampire had already taken root
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곡포심은 μž¦μ•„λ“€μ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ 이미 λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄λΌλŠ” μ‘΄μž¬λŠ”
02:17
in Western Europe's imagination,
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μ„œμœ λŸ½ μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ˜ 상상속에 깊이 뿌리λ₯Ό λ‚΄λ €
02:19
spawning works like "The Vampyre" in 1819,
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1819λ…„μ—λŠ” "λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄"λΌλŠ” μž‘ν’ˆμ΄,
02:22
and Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu's "Carmilla" in 1872.
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1872λ…„μ—λŠ” μ‘°μ…‰ 셰리든 λ ˆνΌλ‰΄μ˜ "카밀리아"κ°€ μΆœνŒλ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:29
This book would greatly influence a young Irish drama critic named Bram Stoker.
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"카밀리아"λŠ” μ•„μΌλžœλ“œ μ—°κ·Ή 비평가인 브람 μŠ€ν† μ»€μ—κ²Œ 큰 영ν–₯을 λΌμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:34
Stoker, who was born in Dublin in 1847,
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μŠ€ν† μ»€λŠ” λ”λΈ”λ¦°μ—μ„œ 1847년도에 νƒœμ–΄λ‚˜
02:37
was famously bedridden with an unknown illness until the age of seven.
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μ•Œ 수 μ—†λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μ— κ±Έλ € 7μ‚΄λ•ŒκΉŒμ§€ 병상에 λˆ„μ›Œ μ§€λƒˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
During that time, his mother told him folktales
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κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ, μŠ€ν† μ»€μ˜ μ–΄λ¨Έλ‹ˆλŠ” μ „ν•΄ λ‚΄λ €μ˜€λŠ” μ‹ ν™” 이야기와
02:46
and true tales of horror,
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λ¬΄μ„œμš΄ 싀화듀을 μŠ€ν† μ»€μ—κ²Œ λ“€λ €μ£Όμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
including her experiences during an outbreak of cholera in 1832.
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κ·Έ μ€‘μ—μ„œλ„ 직접 κ²½ν—˜ν–ˆλ˜ 1832λ…„ 콜레라 μ‚¬νƒœλ₯Ό μ΄μ•ΌκΈ°ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ
02:54
There, she described victims buried alive in mass graves.
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μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 무덀 속에 κ·Έ λ‹Ήμ‹œ ν¬μƒμžλ“€μ΄ μ‚°μ±„λ‘œ λ¬»ν˜€μžˆλ‹€κ³  μ„€λͺ… ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
Later in his life, Stoker went on to write fantasy, romance, adventure stories,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 흘러, μŠ€ν† μ»€λŠ” 곡상, 둜맨슀, λͺ¨ν—˜μ— κ΄€ν•œ 이야기듀을 μ“°κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆκ³ 
03:04
and, in 1897, "Dracula."
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κ·Έλ ‡κ²Œ 1897년에 "λ“œλΌν˜λΌ"κ°€ νƒ„μƒν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:08
Although the book's main villain and namesake
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μ†Œμ„€μ˜ μ•…λ‹Ή λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄λŠ” 이름이 κ°™λ‹€λŠ” 이유둜
03:10
is thought to be based on the historical figure of Vlad III Dracula,
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λΈ”λΌλ“œ 3μ„Έ λ“œλΌν˜λΌ ν˜Ήμ€ λΈ”λΌλ“œ μž„νŽ˜μΌλŸ¬λΌκ³  λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ” 역사 속 μΈλ¬Όλ‘œλΆ€ν„°
03:15
or Vlad the Impaler,
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νƒ„μƒν•œ κ²ƒμ²˜λŸΌ μ—¬κ²¨μ§€μ§€λ§Œ
03:17
the association is mostly just that they share a name.
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싀은 μ΄λ¦„λ§Œ 같을 뿐, λ‹€λ₯Έ 연관성은 μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:21
Other elements and characters were inspired directly and indirectly
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이야기 속 μ†Œμž¬λ‚˜ 인물듀에 μ§κ°„μ ‘μ μœΌλ‘œ μ˜κ°μ„ μ€€ 것은
03:24
by various works in the Victorian Era,
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빅토리아 μ‹œλŒ€μ— λ‹€μ–‘ν•œ μž‘ν’ˆλ“€μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:28
such as "The Mysterious Stranger."
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κ·Έ 쀑 "수수께끼의 λ‚˜κ·Έλ„€"κ°€ λŒ€ν‘œμ μ΄μ£ .
03:30
The novel, upon release, was only a moderate success in its day,
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"λ±€νŒŒμ΄μ–΄" μž‘ν’ˆμ€ λ°œν–‰ λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ¬΄λ‚œν•œ 성곡을 거두긴 ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
03:34
nor was it even Stoker's most well-known work,
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μŠ€ν† μ»€μ˜ κ°€μž₯ 유λͺ…ν•œ μž‘ν’ˆλ„ μ•„λ‹ˆμ—ˆμ„ λΏλ”λŸ¬
03:37
mentioned only briefly in a 1912 obituary.
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κ·Έμ € 1912λ…„ μŠ€ν† μ»€μ˜ λΆ€κ³ λž€μ— κ°„λž΅νžˆ μ–ΈκΈ‰λ˜λŠ” μ •λ„μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:42
But a critical copyright battle would completely change Dracula's fate,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ ν•œλ²ˆμ˜ 큰 μ €μž‘κΆŒ 싸움이 "λ“œλΌν˜λΌ"의 운λͺ…을 μ™„μ „νžˆ λ°”κΏ”λ†“μ•˜κ³ 
03:46
and catapult the character into literary renown.
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"λ“œλΌν˜λΌ"의 문학적인 λͺ…성을 λ“œλ†’μ΄λŠ” 계기가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
In 1922, a German studio adapted the novel into the now classic silent film "Nosferatu"
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1922λ…„, λ…μΌμ˜ ν•œ μ˜ν™”μ‚¬λŠ” "λ“œλΌν˜λΌ"λ₯Ό κ³ μ „ λ¬΄μ„±μ˜ν™” "λ…ΈμŠ€νŽ˜λΌνˆ¬"둜 κ°μƒ‰ν•˜μ˜€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:57
without paying royalties.
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μ €μž‘κΆŒλ£Œλ₯Ό 내지 μ•Šκ³  말이죠.
03:59
Despite changes in character names and minor plot points,
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아무리 λ“±μž₯μΈλ¬Όλ“€μ˜ μ΄λ¦„μ΄λ‚˜ μ‚¬μ†Œν•œ 쀄거리 μ†Œμž¬λ“€μ΄ λ°”λ€Œμ—ˆμ–΄λ„,
04:03
the parallels were obvious, and the studio was sued into bankruptcy.
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μœ μ‚¬ν•˜λ‹€λŠ” 점은 λΆ„λͺ…ν–ˆκΈ° λ•Œλ¬Έμ—, μ˜ν™”μ‚¬λŠ” κ²°κ΅­ μ†Œμ†‘λ‹Ήν•œ λ’€ νŒŒμ‚°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:07
To prevent more plagiarism attempts,
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λ”μ΄μƒμ˜ ν‘œμ ˆμ„ 막기 μœ„ν•΄μ„œ
04:09
Stoker's widow decided to establish copyright
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μŠ€ν† μ»€μ˜ μ•„λ‚΄λŠ” "λ“œλΌν˜λΌ"의 연극버전에 κ΄€ν•œ
04:12
over the stage version of "Dracula"
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μ €μž‘κΆŒμ„ ν™•κ³ νžˆ ν•˜κ³ μž
04:14
by approving a production by family-friend Hamilton Deane.
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κ°€μ‘±μ˜ 졜츑근인 ν•΄λ°€ν„΄ λ”˜μ—κ²Œ μ œμž‘μ„ λ„˜κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
Although Deane's adaptation made drastic cuts to the story,
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비둝 λ”˜μ΄ κ°μƒ‰ν•˜λ©΄μ„œ 이야기λ₯Ό κ³Όκ°ν•˜κ²Œ μ‚­μ œν•œ 뢀뢄듀이 μžˆμ—ˆμ§€λ§Œ,
04:22
it became a classic,
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"λ“œλΌν˜λΌ"λŠ”μ΅œκ³ μ˜ μž‘ν’ˆμ΄ λ˜μ–΄
04:24
thanks largely to Bela Lugosi's performance on Broadway.
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κ³ λ§™κ²Œλ„ 벨라 λ£¨κ³ μ‹œμ˜ ν›Œλ₯­ν•œ μ—°κΈ°λ₯Ό λΈŒλ‘œλ“œμ›¨μ΄μ—μ„œ λ³Ό 수 있게 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:29
Lugosi would go on to star in the 1931 film version by Universal,
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λ£¨κ³ μ‹œλŠ” 1931년도 μœ λ‹ˆλ²„μ…œμ˜ μ˜ν™” 버전에도 λ“±μž₯ν•˜μ—¬
04:33
lending the character many of his signature characteristics.
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λ“œλΌν˜λΌμ˜ λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ νŠΉμ§•λ“€μ„ 잘 μ‚΄λ¦° 덕에 유λͺ…인사가 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
And since then, Dracula has risen again in countless adaptations,
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κ·Έ λ•Œ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ, "λ“œλΌν˜λΌ"λŠ” μˆ˜λ§Žμ€ 각색 μž‘ν’ˆλ“€λ‘œ λ‹€μ‹œ ν•œλ²ˆ 유λͺ…ν•΄μ§€λ©΄μ„œ
04:41
finding eternal life far beyond the humble pages of his birth.
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첫 νƒ„μƒμ˜ μ΄ˆλΌν•œ μ‹œκΈ°λ₯Ό μ΄ˆμ›”ν•˜λŠ” μ˜μ›ν•œ 삢을 λ§žμ΄ν•˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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