What happens during a stroke? - Vaibhav Goswami

3,094,670 views ・ 2018-02-01

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Jihye Kim κ²€ν† : Jihyeon J. Kim
00:06
Every two seconds, someone somewhere in the world experiences a stroke.
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μ „μ„Έκ³„μ μœΌλ‘œ 2μ΄ˆμ— ν•œ λͺ…이 λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ„ κ²½ν—˜ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:12
And one out of every six people will have one at some point in their lives.
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λ˜ν•œ μ—¬μ„― λͺ… 쀑 ν•œ λͺ…이 일생에 ν•œ 번 이상 λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ„ κ²ͺμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:17
Strokes deprive brain cells of oxygen
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λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ€ λ‡Œμ„Έν¬μ— μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ κ³΅κΈ‰λ˜μ§€ μ•Šμ•„ μƒκΈ°λŠ” μ§ˆλ³‘μœΌλ‘œ
00:20
and are one of the most common causes of death
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κ°€μž₯ ν”ν•œ 사망 원인 쀑 ν•˜λ‚˜μ΄λ©°
00:23
and a leading cause of preventable disability.
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예방 κ°€λŠ₯ν•œ μž₯μ•  μ›μΈμ˜ λŒ€ν‘œμ μΈ μ‚¬λ‘€μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
When someone experiences a stroke, quick medical care is critical,
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λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ΄ λ°œμƒν–ˆμ„ λ•ŒλŠ” μ‹ μ†νžˆ μΉ˜λ£Œν•΄μ•Ό
00:31
and can often help avoid permanent brain damage.
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영ꡬ적인 λ‡Œ 손상을 막을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
But what causes strokes in the first place?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ€ μ™œ λ°œμƒν•˜λŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
00:37
And what can doctors do to treat them?
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그리고 μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ μΉ˜λ£Œν•΄μ•Ό ν•˜λŠ” κ±ΈκΉŒμš”?
00:40
The brain makes up just 2% of your body’s mass
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λ‡Œμ˜ λ¬΄κ²ŒλŠ” μ²΄μ€‘μ˜ 2%에 λΆˆκ³Όν•˜μ§€λ§Œ
00:44
but consumes more than 20% of the oxygen in your blood.
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혈λ₯˜ μ†μ˜ μ‚°μ†Œλ₯Ό 20%λ‚˜ μ†Œλͺ¨ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:48
That oxygen is carried to the brain through a system of arteries.
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μ‚°μ†ŒλŠ” 동λ§₯을 톡해 λ‡Œλ‘œ μ „λ‹¬λ˜λŠ”λ°
00:52
Carotid arteries supply the front of the brain,
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경동λ§₯은 전두엽에,
00:55
and vertebral arteries supply the back.
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척좔동λ§₯은 후두엽에 μ‚°μ†Œλ₯Ό κ³΅κΈ‰ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:58
These are connected to each other,
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이듀은 μ„œλ‘œ μ—°κ²°λ˜μ–΄ 있으며
01:00
and divide into smaller and smaller vessels
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μž‘μ€ λͺ¨μ„Έ ν˜ˆκ΄€μœΌλ‘œ λ‚˜λˆ μ Έμ„œ
01:03
that get billions of neurons the oxygen they need.
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μˆ˜μ‹­μ–΅ 개의 λ‰΄λŸ°μ— μ‚°μ†Œλ₯Ό μ „λ‹¬ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
If the blood flow is interrupted, oxygen delivery stops and brain cells die.
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혈λ₯˜κ°€ λ°©ν•΄λ₯Ό λ°›μœΌλ©΄ μ‚°μ†Œλ₯Ό 곡급할 수 μ—†κ²Œ λ˜μ–΄ λ‡Œμ„Έν¬κ°€ μ£½μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:13
There are two ways this can happen.
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μ›μΈμ—λŠ” 두 κ°€μ§€κ°€ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:15
Hemorrhagic strokes are when a perforated vessel allows blood to leak out.
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μΆœν˜ˆμ„± λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ€ ν˜ˆκ΄€ νŒŒμ—΄μ— μ˜ν•΄ 좜혈이 생길 경우 λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:20
But the more common type is the ischemic stroke,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 더 ν”ν•œ ν˜•νƒœλŠ” ν—ˆν˜ˆμ„± λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μœΌλ‘œ,
01:23
when a clot blocks a vessel and brings blood flow to a halt.
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ν˜ˆμ „μ— μ˜ν•΄ ν˜ˆκ΄€μ΄ λ§‰ν˜€ 혈λ₯˜κ°€ 멈좜 경우 λ°œμƒν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:28
Where do these clots come from?
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κ·Έλ ‡λ‹€λ©΄ ν˜ˆμ „μ€ μ™œ μƒκΈ°λŠ” κ²ƒμΌκΉŒμš”?
01:30
On rare occasions, a sudden change in heart rhythm
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심μž₯ 박동이 κ°‘μžκΈ° λ³€ν•˜λ©΄
01:33
prevents the upper chambers of the heart from contracting normally.
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심μž₯ μƒλΆ€μ˜ μˆ˜μΆ•μ΄ 멈μΆ₯λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:37
This slows down blood flow,
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μ΄λŠ” 혈λ₯˜λ₯Ό 느리게 λ§Œλ“€μ–΄
01:39
allowing platelets, clotting factors, and fibrin to stick together.
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ν˜ˆμ†ŒνŒκ³Ό μ‘κ³ μΈμž, μ„¬μœ μ†Œκ°€ λ­‰μΉ˜κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:45
The clot can be carried up
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μ΄λ ‡κ²Œ ν•΄μ„œ 생긴 ν˜ˆμ „μ΄
01:46
towards the arteries and blood vessels supplying the brain
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동λ§₯을 타고 λ‡Œν˜ˆκ΄€μœΌλ‘œ λ“€μ–΄κ°€
01:50
until it gets to one it can’t squeeze through.
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쒁은 ν˜ˆκ΄€μ„ λ§‰μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:54
This is called an embolism
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이 ν˜„μƒμ„ 색전증이라 λΆ€λ₯΄λ©°
01:56
and it cuts off the oxygen supply to all the cells downstream.
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근처 μ„Έν¬μ˜ μ‚°μ†Œ 곡급이 끊기게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
The brain doesn't have pain receptors, so you can't feel the blockage itself.
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λ‡Œμ—λŠ” ν†΅μ¦μˆ˜μš©κΈ°κ°€ μ—†μ–΄μ„œ, 이 ν˜„μƒμ„ λŠλ‚„ μˆ˜λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:05
But oxygen deprivation slows brain function
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‚°μ†Œ 뢀쑱이 λ‡ŒκΈ°λŠ₯을 μ €ν•˜μ‹œμΌœ
02:08
and can have sudden, noticeable effects.
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κ°‘μž‘μŠ€λŸ¬μš΄ 증상을 κ²ͺ게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:11
For example, if the affected area is responsible for speech,
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예λ₯Ό λ“€λ©΄, 적용 λΆ€μœ„κ°€ μ–Έμ–΄ κ΄€λ ¨ μ˜μ—­μ΄λΌλ©΄
02:15
an individual’s words may be slurred.
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발음 μž₯μ• λ₯Ό κ²ͺ게 λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
If the stroke affects a part of the brain that controls muscle movement,
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근윑 κ΄€λ ¨ μ˜μ—­μΈ 경우
02:21
it can cause weakness, often just on one side of the body.
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λͺΈμ˜ ν•œμͺ½μ—λ§Œ 힘이 λΉ μ§€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:26
When this happens, the body will immediately try to compensate
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우리 λͺΈμ€ 이것을 λ³΄μ™„ν•˜κΈ° μœ„ν•΄
02:30
by diverting blood flow to the affected area,
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ν•΄λ‹Ή λΆ€μœ„μ— ν˜ˆμ•‘μ„ λŒ€λŸ‰μœΌλ‘œ λ³΄λ‚΄μ§€λ§Œ
02:33
but this isn’t a perfect solution.
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μ™„μ „ν•œ 해결책은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
Eventually, the oxygen-deprived cells will start to die,
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κ²°κ΅­μ—λŠ” μ‚°μ†Œλ₯Ό 곡급받지 λͺ»ν•œ 세포가 죽게 되고
02:39
leading to brain damage that may be severe or permanent.
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μ‹¬κ°ν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ 영ꡬ적일 수 μžˆλŠ” λ‡Œ 손상을 μž…κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:43
That’s why it’s important to get medical care as fast as possible.
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λ”°λΌμ„œ μ‹ μ†ν•œ λŒ€μ‘μ΄ 맀우 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:48
The first line of treatment is an intravenous medication
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초기 λŒ€μ‘μ€ '쑰직 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€λ―Έλ…Έκ² ν™œμ„±ν™” 인자' 라고 λΆˆλ¦¬λŠ”
02:51
called Tissue Plasminogen Activator,
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μ •λ§₯ μ£Όμ‚¬λ‘œ
02:54
which can break up the blood clot
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ν˜ˆμ „μ„ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•΄
02:55
and allow blood to flow again in the compromised artery.
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λ§‰νžŒ μ •λ§₯으둜 혈λ₯˜κ°€ 흐λ₯Ό 수 있게 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:59
If it’s delivered within a few hours,
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λͺ‡ μ‹œκ°„ λ‚΄λ‘œ 이 치료λ₯Ό 받을 수 μžˆλ‹€λ©΄
03:02
this medication greatly increases the chance of surviving the stroke
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λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ— μ˜ν•œ μ‚¬λ§μ΄λ‚˜ 영ꡬ적 λ‡Œ 손상을 막을 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:05
and avoiding permanent consequences.
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03:08
If Tissue Plasminogen Activator cannot be given
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쑰직 ν”ŒλΌμŠ€λ―Έλ…Έκ² ν™œμ„±ν™” 인자λ₯Ό 주사할 수 μ—†λŠ” κ²½μš°λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:11
because the patient is on certain medications,
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ν™˜μžκ°€ νŠΉμ • 약물을 λ³΅μš©μ€‘μ΄κ±°λ‚˜
03:13
has history of major bleeding,
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κ³Όλ‹€ 좜혈 병λ ₯이 μžˆκ±°λ‚˜
03:15
or the clot is particularly large,
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ν˜ˆμ „μ΄ λ„ˆλ¬΄ 큰 경우
03:18
doctors can perform a procedure called an endovascular thrombectomy.
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ν˜ˆκ΄€λ‚΄ ν˜ˆμ „ μ ˆμ„Έμˆ μ΄λΌλŠ” μˆ˜μˆ μ„ ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:23
Using a fluorescent dye that illuminates the blood vessels under a strong x-ray,
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μ—‘μŠ€λ ˆμ΄μ— ν˜ˆκ΄€μ΄ λ‚˜μ˜€κ²Œ ν•΄μ£ΌλŠ” ν˜•κ΄‘μ—Όλ£Œλ₯Ό μ‚¬μš©ν•΄
03:28
the physician inserts a long, thin, flexible tube called a catheter
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'μΉ΄ν…Œν„°'λΌλŠ” μ–‡κ³  κΈ΄ 튜브λ₯Ό
03:33
into an artery in the leg
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닀리 μ •λ§₯을 톡해
03:35
and maneuvers it all the way to the blockage.
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ν˜ˆμ „κΉŒμ§€ μ‚½μž…ν•˜λŠ” μˆ˜μˆ μž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:38
A retriever is passed through this catheter.
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νŠœλΈŒμ— 제거기λ₯Ό λ„£μ–΄
03:41
It expands and anchors into the clot when it’s just past it.
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ν˜ˆμ „μ— κ³ μ •μ‹œν‚΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:45
The catheter then pulls the clot out when it’s removed.
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그런 λ‹€μŒ μΉ΄ν…Œν„°λ₯Ό μ œκ±°ν•˜λ©΄ ν˜ˆμ „μ΄ λ”Έλ € λ‚˜μ˜€κ²Œ λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:50
These treatments need to be delivered as soon as possible
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λ‡Œ κΈ°λŠ₯을 λ³΄μ‘΄ν•˜λ €λ©΄
03:53
to preserve brain function,
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μ‹œκ°„μ΄ 생λͺ…μ΄λ―€λ‘œ
03:55
which means figuring out fast if someone is having a stroke.
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λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μ„ 빨리 μ•Œμ•„μ±„λŠ” 것이 μ€‘μš”ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:59
So how can you tell?
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μ–΄λ–»κ²Œ ν•΄μ•Ό λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μΈ 것을 μ•Œ 수 μžˆμ„κΉŒμš”?
04:01
Here are three quick things to try:
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μ„Έ κ°€μ§€ 방법이 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:03
1. Ask the person to smile.
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1. 웃어 보기.
04:06
A crooked mouth or facial drooping can indicate muscle weakness.
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μž…μ΄ λΉ„λš€μ–΄μ‘Œκ±°λ‚˜ μ–Όκ΅΄ 근윑이 μ²˜μ§„λ‹€λ©΄ 근윑 μ΄μƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
2. Ask them to raise their arms.
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2. νŒ”μ„ λ“€μ–΄ 보기.
04:13
If one drifts downward, that arm weakness is also a sign of a stroke.
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ν•œ μͺ½λ§Œ λ‚΄λ €κ°„λ‹€λ©΄ λ‡Œμ‘Έμ€‘μΌ 수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
3. Ask them to repeat a simple word or phrase.
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3. κ°„λ‹¨ν•œ λ‹¨μ–΄λ‚˜ λ¬Έμž₯을 말해 보기.
04:23
If their speech sounds slurred or strange,
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발음이 μ–΄λˆŒν•˜κ±°λ‚˜ μ΄μƒν•˜λ‹€λ©΄
04:26
it could mean that the language area of their brain is oxygen-deprived.
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λ‡Œμ˜ μ–Έμ–΄ μ˜μ—­μ— μ‚°μ†Œκ°€ λΆ€μ‘±ν•  수 μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:31
This is sometimes called the FAST test, and the T stands for time.
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이것을 FAST ν…ŒμŠ€νŠΈλΌκ³ λ„ ν•˜λŠ”λ° TλŠ” μ‹œκ°„μ„ λœ»ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:37
If you see any of those signs, call emergency services right away.
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이 증상듀이 보인닀면 μ¦‰μ‹œ 응급 μ„œλΉ„μŠ€μ— μ „ν™”ν•˜μ„Έμš”.
04:42
Lives may depend on it.
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생사가 λ‹¬λ €μžˆμ„ μˆ˜λ„ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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