What causes heartburn? - Rusha Modi

1,833,880 views ใƒป 2018-11-01

TED-Ed


ไธ‹ใฎ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใงใใพใ™ใ€‚

็ฟป่จณ: Satoshi Inoue ๆ กๆญฃ: Tomoyuki Suzuki
00:06
Just between your chest and abdomen
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่ƒธใจ่…น้ƒจใฎใ‚ใ„ใ ใซ
00:09
is where youโ€™ll find one of the most important muscles
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ๆœ€ใ‚‚้‡่ฆใช ็ญ‹่‚‰ใฎใฒใจใคใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
00:12
you probably didn't know you had:
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ใ”ๅญ˜ใ˜ใชใ„ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“ใญ
00:14
the lower esophageal sphincter, or LES.
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ไธ‹้ƒจ้ฃŸ้“ๆ‹ฌ็ด„็ญ‹ (LES) ใงใ™
00:19
When functioning properly,
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ใ“ใฎ็’ฐ็Šถใฎ็ต„็น”ใฏ
00:21
this ring of tissue plays a crucial role in helping us eat.
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ใตใ ใ‚“้ฃŸไบ‹ใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ใจใใซ ้‡่ฆใชใ‚‚ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
00:25
But when the LES malfunctions,
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ใ“ใฎLESใŒใ†ใพใๅƒใ‹ใชใ„ใจ
00:27
it becomes the main player in heartburn
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่ƒธ็„ผใ‘ใŒ่ตทใ“ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
00:31
--a searing, sometimes sour-tasting chest-spasm
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่ƒธใŒ็„ผใ‘ใคใใ‚ˆใ†ใช ้…ธใฃใฑใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚ใฎๆ„Ÿ่ฆšใ‚’
00:34
that many people will experience at some point in their lives.
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ๅคšใใฎใฒใจใŒ ไธ€็”Ÿใซไธ€ๅบฆใฏ็ตŒ้จ“ใ—ใพใ™
00:38
We know that humans have been battling heartburn
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ไบบ้กžใฏๆ•ฐๅƒใจใฏใ„ใ‹ใชใใฆใ‚‚ ๆ•ฐ็™พๅนดใฏ่ƒธใ‚„ใ‘ใจๆˆฆใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
00:41
for hundreds, if not thousands of years.
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00:45
But recently the incidence has risen,
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ใ“ใจใซใ“ใ“ๆœ€่ฟ‘ใฏๅข—ๅŠ ใ—ใฆใŠใ‚Š
00:47
making it a common stomach complaint worldwide.
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ไธ–็•Œไธญใง่ƒƒใฎ่‡ช่ฆš็—‡็Šถใจใ—ใฆ ไธ€่ˆฌ็š„ใชใ‚‚ใฎใจใชใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
00:51
When the symptoms of heartburn become more more regular and intense
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่ƒธใ‚„ใ‘ใฎ็—‡็ŠถใŒ ้ ป็นใ‹ใคๆฟ€ใ—ใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใจ
00:55
โ€”such as twice a week or more--
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โ€• ๏ผ‘้€ฑ้–“ใซ๏ผ’ๅ›žไปฅไธŠใจใ„ใ†ใ“ใจใงใ™ใŒ โ€•
00:57
itโ€™s diagnosed as Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, or GERD.
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่ƒƒ้ฃŸ้“้€†ๆต็—‡ (GERD) ใจใ„ใ‚ใ‚Œใพใ™
01:04
But what causes this problem,
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ใงใฏๅŽŸๅ› ใฏใชใ‚“ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†ใ‹๏ผŸ
01:05
and how can it be stopped?
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ใฉใ†ใ—ใŸใ‚‰้˜ฒใ’ใ‚‹ใงใ—ใ‚‡ใ†๏ผŸ
01:08
Heartburn starts in an area called
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่ƒธใ‚„ใ‘ใŒๅง‹ใพใ‚‹ๅ ดๆ‰€ใฏ
01:10
the gastroesophageal junction, where the LES resides.
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LESใŒใ‚ใ‚‹่ƒƒ้ฃŸ้“ๆŽฅๅˆ้ƒจใงใ™
01:15
This smooth, muscular ring of the LES
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LESใฎใชใ‚ใ‚‰ใ‹ใช็ญ‹่‚‰ใฎ็’ฐใฏ
01:18
is moderated by an intricate tree of nerve roots
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่ค‡้›‘ใช็ฅž็ตŒๆ นใง่ชฟ็ฏ€ใ•ใ‚Œใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:22
that connect to the brain, the heart, and the lungs.
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ใใฎ็ฅž็ตŒๆ นใฏ่„ณใ‚„ๅฟƒ่‡“ใ‚„่‚บใซใ‚‚ ใคใชใŒใฃใฆใ„ใพใ™
01:26
After food enters the stomach from the esophagus,
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้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใŒ้ฃŸ้“ใ‹ใ‚‰่ƒƒใซๅ…ฅใฃใŸๅพŒ
01:29
the muscleโ€™s task is to stop it
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็ญ‹่‚‰ใฎไป•ไบ‹ใฏ
01:31
from surging back up again.
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้€†ๆตใ‚’้˜ฒใใ“ใจใงใ™
01:35
The LES contracts, squeezing the stomach entrance
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LESใฏๅŽ็ธฎใ—ใฆ่ƒƒใฎๅ…ฅใ‚Šๅฃใ‚’็ท ใ‚ไป˜ใ‘
01:38
and creating a high pressure zone
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้ซ˜ใ„ๅœงๅŠ›ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š
01:40
that prevents digestive acids from seeping out.
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่ƒƒ้…ธใŒๆผใ‚Œๅ‡บใ‚‹ใฎใ‚’้˜ฒใŽใพใ™
01:44
But if the LES relaxes at the wrong moment or gradually weakens,
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ใจใ“ใ‚ใŒLESใŒๅผ›็ทฉใฎใ‚ฟใ‚คใƒŸใƒณใ‚ฐใ‚’่ชคใฃใŸใ‚Š ๆฌก็ฌฌใซๅผฑใพใ‚‹ใจ
01:49
it becomes like a faulty, ill-fitting lid,
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ๅˆใ‚ใชใ„่“‹ใจๆˆใ‚Šๆžœใฆ
01:53
causing the area to depressurize.
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ๅœงๅŠ›ใŒไธ‹ใŒใฃใฆใ—ใพใ„ใพใ™
01:56
That allows burning stomach acid--
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ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ็„ผใ‘ใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใช่ƒƒ้…ธใ‚„
01:59
and even chunks of food--to spurt into the
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ใ‚„ใ‚‚ใ™ใ‚‹ใจ้ฃŸในใŸใ‚‚ใฎ่‡ชไฝ“ใŒ
02:02
esophagus, sometimes going as far up as the mouth.
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้ฃŸ้“ใ‚„ๆ™‚ใจใ—ใฆๅฃใฎไธญใซใพใง ใ“ใฟไธŠใ’ใฆใใพใ™
02:07
The cause of all this internal drama
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ใ“ใฎไฝ“ๅ†…ๅЇใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใฏ
02:09
has long been put down to diet.
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้•ทใ้ฃŸไบ‹ใซๅธฐใ•ใ‚Œใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
02:12
Foods like caffeine and peppermint contain
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ใ‚ซใƒ•ใ‚งใ‚คใƒณใ‚„ใƒŸใƒณใƒˆใฎใ‚ˆใ†ใชใ‚‚ใฎใฏ
02:15
ingredients that may have a relaxing affect on the LES,
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LESใ‚’ๅผ›็ทฉใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ไฝœ็”จใ‚’ ๆŒใฃใฆใ„ใ‚‹ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:19
which makes it incapable of doing its job.
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ใใ†ใชใ‚ŒใฐLESใฏ ๆญฃใ—ใๅƒใ‹ใชใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
02:23
Other acidic foods, like citrus and tomatoes,
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ใพใŸ้…ธๆ€งใฎ้ฃŸๅ“ ใŸใจใˆใฐๆŸ‘ๆฉ˜้กžใ‚„ใƒˆใƒžใƒˆใฏ
02:25
can worsen irritation of the esophagus
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้ฃŸ้“ใฎๅˆบๆฟ€็—‡็Šถใ‚’ ๆ‚ชๅŒ–ใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
02:28
when they leach out with stomach acid.
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่ƒƒ้…ธใ‚’ใ—ใฟๅ‡บใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‰ใงใ™
02:31
Carbonated beverages can similarly
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็‚ญ้…ธ้ฃฒๆ–™ใ‚‚ๅŒๆง˜ใง
02:33
bubble up in the stomach,
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่ƒƒใฎไธญใงๆณก็ซ‹ใก
02:35
forcing open the valve.
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ๅผใ‚’ใ“ใ˜้–‹ใ‘ใฆใ—ใพใ†ๅฏ่ƒฝๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
02:38
But researchers have discovered that food isnโ€™t the only trigger.
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ใ—ใ‹ใ—็ ”็ฉถใซใ‚ˆใ‚Š้ฃŸ็‰ฉใŒๅ”ฏไธ€ใฎ ๅŽŸๅ› ใงใฏใชใ„ใจใ‚ใ‹ใฃใฆใใพใ—ใŸ
02:42
Smoking poses a risk, because the nicotine in cigarettes relaxes the LES.
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ๅ–ซ็…™ใ‚‚ ใƒ‹ใ‚ณใƒใƒณใŒLESใ‚’ๅผ›็ทฉใ•ใ›ใ‚‹ใฎใง ใƒชใ‚นใ‚ฏๅ› ๅญใงใ™
02:48
Consuming excessive amounts of alcohol
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ๅคง้‡ใฎใ‚ขใƒซใ‚ณใƒผใƒซใ‚‚
02:50
may have a similar effect.
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ๅŒใ˜็ตๆžœใ‚’ๅผ•ใ่ตทใ“ใ—ๅพ—ใพใ™
02:52
Pregnant women often experience more heartburn
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ๅฆŠๅจ ไธญใฎๅฅณๆ€งใฏ่ƒธใ‚„ใ‘ใ‚’ ็ตŒ้จ“ใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒๅคšใ„ใฎใงใ™ใŒ
02:56
due to the pressure of a growing baby on their stomachs.
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ่ƒŽๅ…ใŒ่ƒƒใซๅœงๅŠ›ใ‚’ใ‹ใ‘ใ‚‹ใŸใ‚ใงใ™
02:59
and the levels of certain hormones in their bodies.
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็‰นๅฎšใฎใƒ›ใƒซใƒขใƒณใฎใ›ใ„ใงใ‚‚ใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™ใŒ
03:02
Obesity can cause hernias that disrupt
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่‚ฅๆบ€ใ‚‚ใƒ˜ใƒซใƒ‹ใ‚ขใฎๅŽŸๅ› ใจใชใ‚Š
03:06
the anti-reflux barrier of the gastroesophageal junction
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่ƒƒ้ฃŸ้“ๆŽฅๅˆ้ƒจใซใ‚ใฃใฆ ๆ™ฎ้€š ่ƒธใ‚„ใ‘ใŒ่ตทใใชใ„ใ‚ˆใ†ใซ
03:09
that normally protects against heartburn.
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้€†ๆต้˜ฒๆญขใ‚’ใ™ใ‚‹ไป•็ต„ใฟใ‚’ ๅฆจใ’ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
03:13
Numerous medications, including those for asthma,
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ๅคšใใฎ่–ฌ ใŸใจใˆใฐๅ–˜ๆฏใฎ่–ฌใ‚„
03:16
high blood pressure, birth control, and depression
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้ซ˜่ก€ๅœงใฎ่–ฌ ้ฟๅฆŠ่–ฌ ใใ—ใฆๆŠ—ใ†ใค่–ฌใ‚‚
03:19
can also have unintended effects on the LES.
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ๅ‰ฏไฝœ็”จใจใ—ใฆLESใซๆ‚ชๅฝฑ้Ÿฟใ‚’ใŠใ‚ˆใผใ—ใพใ™
03:24
An occasional bout of heartburn isn't
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่ƒธใ‚„ใ‘ใŒใŸใพใซ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ ใ‘ใชใ‚‰
03:27
necessarily something to worry about.
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ๅฟƒ้…ใ—ใชใใฆใ‚‚ๅคงไธˆๅคซใงใ™
03:29
But, if heartburn starts happening regularly,
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ใŸใ ๅฎšๆœŸ็š„ใซ่ตทใใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใ ใจ
03:31
it can weaken the LES muscle over time,
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ใ ใ‚“ใ ใ‚“LESใŒๅผฑไฝ“ๅŒ–ใ—
03:34
letting more and more acid escape.
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ใ‚ˆใ‚Š่ƒƒ้…ธใŒๆผใ‚Œใ‚‹ใ‚ˆใ†ใซใชใ‚Šใพใ™
03:37
And if it goes untreated,
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ๆœชๆฒป็™‚ใฎใพใพๆ”พ็ฝฎใ™ใ‚‹ใจ
03:39
this can cause bigger problems.
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ๅ•้กŒใŒๅคงใใใชใ‚‹ใ‹ใ‚‚ใ—ใ‚Œใพใ›ใ‚“
03:42
Over time, constant acid leakage from heartburn
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้•ทใ„้–“ ้…ธใŒๆผใ‚Œ็ถšใ‘ใ‚‹ใจ
03:45
may form scar tissue which narrows the
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็˜ข็—•(ใฏใ‚“ใ“ใ‚“)็ต„็น”ใ‚’ๅฝขๆˆใ—
03:48
esophageal tube, making it harder to swallow food.
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้ฃŸ้“ใ‚’็‹ญใ‚ ้ฃŸใน็‰ฉใ‚’้ฃฒใฟ่พผใ‚€ใฎใŒ ้›ฃใ—ใใชใ‚Šใพใ™
03:51
Ongoing reflux can also damage the cells
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่ƒƒ้…ธใฎ้€†ๆตใŒ็ถšใใจ ้ฃŸ้“ใฎ็ฒ˜่†œ็ดฐ่ƒžใŒๅ‚ทใคใ
03:54
lining the esophagus--a rare condition called
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ใƒใƒฌใƒƒใƒˆ้ฃŸ้“ใจๅ‘ผใฐใ‚Œใ‚‹ ็จ€ใช็Šถๆ…‹ใซใชใ‚Š
03:58
Barrettโ€™s esophagus, which can elevate
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ใ“ใ‚Œใฏ้ฃŸ้“ใŒใ‚“ใซ็™บๅฑ•ใ™ใ‚‹
04:01
the risk of esophageal cancer.
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ๅฑ้™บๆ€งใŒใ‚ใ‚Šใพใ™
04:04
Luckily, heartburn is often treatable with
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ๅนธใ„ใซใ‚‚่ƒธใ‚„ใ‘ใฏใŸใ„ใฆใ„ๆฒป็™‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™
04:06
a range of medicines that can help
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่–ฌใ‚’ไฝฟใฃใฆ
04:08
neutralize or reduce stomach acid.
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่ƒƒ้…ธใฎ้‡ใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ—ใŸใ‚Šไธญๅ’Œใ—ใŸใ‚Šใ™ใ‚Œใฐ ใ‚ˆใ„ใฎใงใ™
04:11
In extreme cases, some people have surgery
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ๆฅต็ซฏใชๅ ดๅˆใงใ‚‚ๆ‰‹่ก“ใ‚’ใ—ใฆ
04:14
to tighten the LES to minimize their distress.
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LESใ‚’ๅผ•ใ็ท ใ‚ใฆ็—‡็Šถใ‚’ๆŠ‘ใˆใ‚‹ ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
04:18
But we can often stop heartburn
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ไธ€ๆ–นใง่ƒธใ‚„ใ‘ใฎ
04:20
before it reaches that point.
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ไบˆ้˜ฒใ‚‚ๅฏ่ƒฝใงใ™
04:22
Reducing the consumption of certain foods,
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็‰นๅฎšใฎ้ฃŸๅ“ใ‚’้ฟใ‘ใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:24
not smoking, and maintaining a healthy weight
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็ฆ็…™ใ—ใฆ ไฝ“้‡ใ‚’้ฉๆญฃใซไฟใกใพใ—ใ‚‡ใ†
04:27
can all dramatically reduce reflux.
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ใใ‚Œใ ใ‘ใงๅЇ็š„ใซ้€†ๆตใ‚’ๆธ›ใ‚‰ใ›ใพใ™
04:31
With proper care we can help our LESโ€™s keep
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ๆฐ—ใ‚’ใคใ‘ใฆใ„ใ‚Œใฐ
04:34
the chemical fountain of our stomachs in proper order
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LESใ‚‚่ƒƒใ‚‚ๅฅๅบทใซไฟใคใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™
04:37
and avoid having to feel the burn.
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ใใ—ใฆ่ƒธใ‚„ใ‘ใ‚‚้ฟใ‘ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใ‚‹ใฎใงใ™
ใ“ใฎใ‚ฆใ‚งใƒ–ใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใซใคใ„ใฆ

ใ“ใฎใ‚ตใ‚คใƒˆใงใฏ่‹ฑ่ชžๅญฆ็ฟ’ใซๅฝน็ซ‹ใคYouTubeๅ‹•็”ปใ‚’็ดนไป‹ใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ไธ–็•Œไธญใฎไธ€ๆต่ฌ›ๅธซใซใ‚ˆใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžใƒฌใƒƒใ‚นใƒณใ‚’่ฆ‹ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅ„ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎใƒšใƒผใ‚ธใซ่กจ็คบใ•ใ‚Œใ‚‹่‹ฑ่ชžๅญ—ๅน•ใ‚’ใƒ€ใƒ–ใƒซใ‚ฏใƒชใƒƒใ‚ฏใ™ใ‚‹ใจใ€ใใ“ใ‹ใ‚‰ใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใ‚’ๅ†็”Ÿใ™ใ‚‹ใ“ใจใŒใงใใพใ™ใ€‚ๅญ—ๅน•ใฏใƒ“ใƒ‡ใ‚ชใฎๅ†็”ŸใจๅŒๆœŸใ—ใฆใ‚นใ‚ฏใƒญใƒผใƒซใ—ใพใ™ใ€‚ใ”ๆ„่ฆ‹ใƒปใ”่ฆๆœ›ใŒใ”ใ–ใ„ใพใ—ใŸใ‚‰ใ€ใ“ใกใ‚‰ใฎใŠๅ•ใ„ๅˆใ‚ใ›ใƒ•ใ‚ฉใƒผใƒ ใ‚ˆใ‚Šใ”้€ฃ็ตกใใ ใ•ใ„ใ€‚

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