How to make your writing suspenseful - Victoria Smith

2,916,596 views ใƒป 2017-10-31

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Sigal Tifferet
"ื”ืžืชื— ื ื•ืจืื™. ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ื™ืžืฉืš." ืื•ืกืงืจ ื•ื•ื™ื™ืœื“
ืžื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืื™ืžื” ื˜ื•ื‘?
00:08
What makes a good horror story?
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00:09
Sure, you could throw in some hideous monsters,
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ื‘ื˜ื—, ืืคืฉืจ ืœื–ืจื•ืง ืคื ื™ืžื” ื›ืžื” ืžืคืœืฆื•ืช ืžื—ืจื™ื“ื•ืช,
00:12
fountains of blood,
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ืžื–ืจืงื•ืช ืฉืœ ื“ื,
00:13
and things jumping out from every corner,
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ื•ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืงื•ืคืฆื™ื ืžื›ืœ ืคื™ื ื”,
00:15
but as classic horror author H.P. Lovecraft wrote,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ืฉืกื•ืคืจ ื”ืื™ืžื” ื”ืงืœืืกื™ ื”.ืค. ืœืื‘ืงืจืืคื˜ ื›ืชื‘,
00:18
"The oldest and strongest kind of fear is fear of the unknown."
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"ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื›ื™ ืขืชื™ืง ื•ื—ื–ืง, ื”ื•ื ื”ืคื—ื“ ืžื”ืœื ื ื•ื“ืข."
00:23
And writers harness that fear not by revealing horrors,
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ื•ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืจืชืžื• ืืช ื”ืคื—ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื–ื•ื•ืขื•ืช,
00:27
but by leaving the audience hanging in anticipation of them.
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ืืœื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื—ื–ืงืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืฆืคื” ืœื”ื.
00:31
That is, in a state of suspense.
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ื›ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืฉืœ ืžืชื—.
00:34
The most familiar examples of suspense come from horror films and mystery novels.
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ื”ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ื›ืจืช ืœืžืชื— ืžื’ื™ืขื” ืžืกืจื˜ื™ ืื™ืžื” ื•ืกืคืจื™ ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ.
00:39
What's inside the haunted mansion?
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ืžื” ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ืื—ื•ื–ื” ื”ืจื“ื•ืคื”?
00:41
Which of the dinner guests is the murderer?
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ืื™ื–ื” ืžืื•ืจื—ื™ ื”ืืจื•ื—ื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืจื•ืฆื—?
00:43
But suspense exists beyond these genres.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžืชื— ืงื™ื™ื ืžืขื‘ืจ ืœื–'ืื ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”.
00:46
Will the hero save the day?
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ื”ืื ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื™ืฆื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื™ื•ื?
00:48
Will the couple get together in the end?
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ื”ืื ื”ื–ื•ื’ ื™ืชืื—ื“ื• ื‘ืกื•ืฃ?
00:50
And what is the dark secret that causes the main character so much pain?
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ื•ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื”ืกื•ื“ ื”ืืคืœ ืฉื’ื•ืจื ืœื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ื›ืื‘?
00:56
The key to suspense is that it sets up a question, or several,
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ื”ืžืคืชื— ืœืžืชื— ื”ื•ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืžืขืœื” ืฉืืœื”, ืื• ื›ืžื”,
00:59
that the audience hopes to get an answer to
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ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขืœื™ื” ืชืฉื•ื‘ื”,
01:02
and delays that answer while maintaining their interest and keeping them guessing.
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ื•ื“ื•ื—ื” ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืžืชื—ื–ืง ืืช ื”ืกืงืจื ื•ืช ื•ืžืงืฉื” ืขืœ ื”ื ื™ื—ื•ืฉื™ื.
01:07
So what are some techniques you can use to achieve this in your own writing?
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ืื– ืžื” ื”ืŸ ื›ืžื” ืžื”ืฉื™ื˜ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉืœื›ื?
01:13
Limit the point of view.
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ื”ื’ื‘ื™ืœื• ืืช ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜.
01:14
Instead of an omniscient narrator who can see and relay everything that happens,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืกืคืจ ื™ื•ื“ืข-ื›ืœ,
01:18
tell the story from the perspective of the characters.
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ืกืคืจื• ืืช ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืžื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ืžื‘ื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:22
They may start off knowing just as little as the audience does,
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ืื•ืœื™ ื”ื ื™ืชื—ื™ืœื• ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืจืง ืžื” ืฉื”ืงื”ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืข,
01:25
and as they learn more, so do we.
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ื•ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ืœืžื“ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื›ืš ื’ื ืื ื—ื ื•.
01:28
Classic novels, like "Dracula," for example, are told through letters and diary entries
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ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืงืœืืกื™ื™ื, ื›ืžื• "ื“ืจืืงื•ืœื”," ืœื“ื•ื’ืžื”, ืžืกื•ืคืจื™ื ื“ืจืš ืžื›ืชื‘ื™ื ื•ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื™ื•ืžืŸ
01:33
where characters relate what they've experienced
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ื‘ื”ื ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื•ืช ืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื•ื•
01:35
and fear what's to come.
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ื•ืคื•ื—ื“ื•ืช ืžืžื” ืฉืขืชื™ื“ ืœื‘ื•ื.
01:38
Next, choose the right setting and imagery.
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ืื—ืจ ื›ืš, ื‘ื—ืจื• ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื•ื”ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ื™ื ื”ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื.
01:41
Old mansions or castles with winding halls and secret passageways
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ืื—ื•ื–ื•ืช ื™ืฉื ื•ืช ืื• ื˜ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื ืžืกื“ืจื•ื ื•ืช ืืจื•ื›ื™ื ื•ืžืขื‘ืจื™ื ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื
01:46
suggest that disturbing things are being concealed.
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ืžืจืžื–ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืกืชืจื” ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื˜ืจื™ื“ื™ื.
01:50
Nighttime, fog, and storms all play similar roles in limiting visibility
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ืœื™ืœื”, ืขืจืคืœ, ื•ืกื•ืคื•ืช ืžืฉื—ืงื™ื ืชืคืงื™ื“ ื“ื•ืžื” ื‘ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ื”ืจืื•ืช
01:56
and restricting characters' movements.
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ื•ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืชื ื•ืขืช ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
01:59
That's why Victorian London is such a popular setting.
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ืœื›ืŸ ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™ืช ื”ื™ื ืชืคืื•ืจื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช.
02:03
And even ordinary places and objects can be made sinister
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ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื•ืขืฆืžื™ื ืจื’ื™ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืœื–ื“ื•ื ื™ื™ื
02:06
as in the Gothic novel "Rebecca"
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ื›ืžื• ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืœื” ื”ื’ื•ืชื™ืช "ืจื‘ืงื”",
02:10
where the flowers at the protagonist's new home are described as blood red.
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ืฉื ื”ืคืจื—ื™ื ื‘ื‘ื™ืช ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉืœ ื”ื“ืžื•ืช ื”ืจืืฉื™ืช ืžืชื•ืืจื™ื ื›ืื“ื•ืžื™ื ื›ื“ื.
02:17
Three: play with style and form.
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ืฉืœื•ืฉ: ืฉื—ืงื• ืขื ื”ืกื’ื ื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืžื‘ื ื”.
02:20
You can build suspense by carefully paying attention not just to what happens
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืžืชื— ื‘ืฉื™ืžืช ืœื‘ ื–ื”ื™ืจื” ืœื ืจืง ืœืžื” ืฉืงื•ืจื”
02:24
but how it's conveyed and paced.
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ืืœื ื’ื ืœื“ืจืš ื•ืœืงืฆื‘ ื‘ื”ื ื–ื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจ.
02:27
Edgar Allan Poe conveys the mental state of the narrator in "The Tell-Tale Heart"
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ืื“ื’ืจ ืืœืŸ ืคื• ื”ืขื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืžืฆื‘ ื”ื ืคืฉื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ ื‘-"ื”ืœื‘ ื”ืžืกื’ื™ืจ"
02:32
with fragmented sentences that break off suddenly.
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ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืžืงื•ื˜ืขื™ื ืฉื ืคืกืงื™ื ืคืชืื•ื,
02:35
And other short declarative sentences in the story
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ื•ืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ื”ืฆื”ืจืชื™ื ืงืฆืจื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ื‘ืกื™ืคื•ืจ
02:38
create a mix of breathless speed and weighty pauses.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืขื•ืฆืจืช ื ืฉื™ืžื” ื•ื”ืคืกืงื•ืช ื›ื‘ื“ื•ืช.
02:43
On the screen, Alfred Hitchcock's cinematography
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ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ื”ืกืจื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืคืจื“ ื”ื™ืฆ'ืงื•ืง
02:46
is known for its use of extended silences and shots of staircases
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ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืฉืงื˜ ืžืชืžืฉืš ื•ืฆื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื“ืจื™ ืžื“ืจื’ื•ืช
02:50
to create a feeling of discomfort.
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ื”ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ืชื—ื•ืฉืช ืื™ ื ื•ื—ื•ืช.
02:53
Four: use dramatic irony.
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ืืจื‘ืข: ื”ืฉืชืžืฉื• ื‘ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื“ืจืžืชื™ืช.
02:56
You can't just keep the audience in the dark forever.
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ืื™ ืืคืฉืจ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืืช ื”ืงื”ืœ ื‘ื—ืฉื›ื” ืœืชืžื™ื“.
02:59
Sometimes, suspense is best served
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ืœืคืขืžื™ื, ืžืชื— ืžื•ืฉื’ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘
03:01
by revealing key parts of the big secret to the audience but not to the characters.
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื’ื™ืœื•ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ ืžืคืชื— ืฉืœ ืกื•ื“ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืงื”ืœ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช.
03:08
This is a technique known as dramatic irony,
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ื–ื• ืฉื™ื˜ื” ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื” ื›ืื™ืจื•ื ื™ื” ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ืช,
03:11
where the mystery becomes not what will happen
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ื‘ื” ื”ืžืกืชื•ืจื™ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœื ืžืžื” ืฉืžืชืจื—ืฉ
03:13
but when and how the characters will learn.
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ืืœื ืžืžืชื™ ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื“ืžื•ื™ื•ืช ืžื’ืœื•ืช ืื•ืชื•.
03:17
In the classic play "Oedipus Rex,"
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ื‘ืžื—ื–ื” ื”ืงืœืืกื™ "ืื“ื™ืคื•ืก ืจืงืก,"
03:19
the title character is unaware that he has killed his own father
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ืื“ื™ืคื•ืก ืœื ืžื•ื“ืข ืœื›ืš ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืจื’ ืืช ืื‘ื™ื•
03:23
and married his mother.
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ื•ื ื™ืฉื ืœืื™ืžื•.
03:25
But the audience knows, and watching Oedipus gradually learn the truth
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื”ืœ ื™ื•ื“ืข, ื•ื”ืฆืคื™ื™ื” ื‘ืื“ื™ืคื•ืก ืฉืœื•ืžื“ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ ืืช ื”ืืžืช
03:29
provides the story with its agonizing climax.
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ื™ื•ืฆืจ ืœืกื™ืคื•ืจ ืฉื™ื ื›ื•ืื‘.
03:34
And finally, the cliffhanger.
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ื•ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ื”ืกื™ื•ื ื”ืžื•ืชื—.
03:36
Beware of overusing this one.
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ื”ื™ืžื ืขื• ืžืฉืžื•ืฉ ื™ืชืจ ื‘ื•.
03:38
Some consider it a cheap and easy trick, but it's hard to deny its effectiveness.
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ื™ืฉ ื”ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืชื• ืœื˜ืจื™ืง ื–ื•ืœ ื•ืงืœ, ืื‘ืœ ืงืฉื” ืœื”ืชื›ื—ืฉ ืœืืคืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
03:43
This is where a chapter, episode, volume, or season
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ื‘ืกื™ื•ื ืžื•ืชื—, ืคืจืง, ืืคื™ื–ื•ื“ื” ืื• ืขื•ื ื”
03:46
cuts off right before something crucial is revealed,
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ื ื—ืชื›ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืžืฉื”ื• ื—ื™ื•ื ื™ ืขื•ืžื“ ืœื”ืชื’ืœื•ืช,
03:50
or in the midst of a dangerous situation with a slim chance of hope.
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ืื• ื‘ืืžืฆืข ืžืฆื‘ ืžืกื•ื›ืŸ ืขื ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ืงืœื•ืฉ ืœืชืงื•ื•ื”.
03:55
The wait, whether moments or years,
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ื”ื”ืžืชื ื”, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื‘ืจื’ืขื™ื ืื• ื‘ืฉื ื™ื,
03:57
makes us imagine possibilities about what could happen next,
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ื’ื•ืจืžืช ืœื ื• ืœื“ืžื™ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืงืจื•ืช ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš,
04:01
building extra suspense.
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ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ื ื” ืืช ื”ืžืชื—.
04:04
The awful thing is almost always averted,
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ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ื ื•ืจื ื›ืžืขื˜ ืชืžื™ื“ ื ืžื ืข,
04:06
creating a sense of closure and emotional release.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืฆืจ ืกื’ื™ืจืช ืžืขื’ืœ ื•ืฉื—ืจื•ืจ ืจื’ืฉื™.
04:10
But that doesn't stop us from worrying and wondering the next time
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ืื‘ืœ ื–ื” ืœื ืžื•ื ืข ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืžืœื“ืื•ื’ ื•ืœืชื”ื•ืช
ื‘ืคืขื ื”ื‘ืื” ื‘ื” ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ืจ ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ืืกื•ืŸ ื›ืžืขื˜ ื•ื•ื“ืื™.
04:14
the protagonists face near-certain disaster.
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ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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