Mysteries of vernacular: Sarcophagus - Jessica Oreck and Rachael Teel

39,152 views ใƒป 2013-07-26

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Transcriber: Andrea McDonough Reviewer: Jessica Ruby
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ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: benyamin zinshtein
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Mysteries of vernacular:
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ืžืกืชืจื™ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืžื™:
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Sarcophagus,
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ืกืจืงื•ืคื’,
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a stone coffin typically adorned
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ืืจื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืื‘ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ื›ืœืœ ืžืขื•ื˜ืจ
00:11
with decorative carvings or inscriptions.
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ื‘ื’ื™ืœื•ืคื™ื ื“ืงื•ืจื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ืื• ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘.
00:15
The history of the word sarcophagus
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ื”ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ืกืจืงื•ืคื’
00:17
is so skin-crawlingly grotesque,
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ื”ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ืจื•ื˜ืกืงื™ืช,
00:20
it seems to come right out
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ืฉื ืจืื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื” ื”ื™ืฉืจ
00:21
of a low-budget horror film.
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ืžืกืจื˜ ืื™ืžื” ื“ืœ ืชืงืฆื™ื‘.
00:24
Rather than having a B-movie origin, however,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื‘ืกืจื˜ื™ื ื’ืจื•ืขื™ื, ืขื ื–ืืช,
00:27
its roots can be traced back to the early Roman Empire
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ื”ืฉื•ืจืฉื™ื ืฉืœื” ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืจื•ืžื™ืช
00:31
where the Greek word sarkophagus
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ืฉื ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืกืจืงื•ืคื’ื•ืก
00:34
was used to describe the limestone
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืืจ ืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ
00:36
that a coffin was made of,
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ืฉืืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืขืฉื•ื™ ืžืžื ื”,
00:37
not the coffin itself.
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ืœื ืืช ื”ืืจื•ืŸ ืขืฆืžื•.
00:40
According to the Roman scholar Pliny the Elder,
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ืœืคื™ ื”ืžืœื•ืžื“ ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ ืคืœื™ื ื™ ื”ื‘ื•ื’ืจ,
00:43
citizens of the Empire believed
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ืื–ืจื—ื™ ื”ืื™ืžืคืจื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ื ื•
00:45
that limestone from a quarry near Troy
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ืฉืื‘ืŸ ื’ื™ืจ ืžืžื—ืฆื‘ื” ืœื™ื“ ื˜ืจื•ื™ื”
00:47
would dissolve flesh.
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ืชืžื™ืก ื‘ืฉืจ.
00:50
For this reason, it was quite desireable
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ืžื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ื”ื–ื•, ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ืžืื•ื“ ืžื‘ื•ืงืฉืช
00:52
in the construction of coffins.
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ื‘ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžืชื™ื.
00:55
Though it's unclear if the belief was widespread
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ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื–ื” ืœื ื‘ืจื•ืจ ืื ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืคื•ืฆื”
00:58
or even accurately reported by Pliny,
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ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ื“ื•ื•ื—ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืคืœื™ื ื™,
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what is certain is that sarkophagus
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ืžื” ืฉื”ื™ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื— ื–ื” ืฉืกืจืงื•ืคื’ื•ืก
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came from the Greek words sark,
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ื‘ืื” ืžื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื™ื•ื•ื ื™ืช ืกืืจ'ืง,
01:06
meaning flesh,
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ืฉืžืฉืžืขื” ื‘ืฉืจ,
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and phagein,
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ื•ืคื’ื™ืŸ,
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a verb meaning to eat.
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ืคื•ืขืœ ืฉืžืฉืžืขื• ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
01:12
From flesh-eating stone
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ืžืื‘ืŸ ืื•ื›ืœืช ื‘ืฉืจ
01:14
to stone coffin,
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ืœืืจื•ืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืจื” ืžืื‘ืŸ,
01:16
it's a fitting etymology
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ื–ื” ืื ื˜ื™ืžื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื” ืžืชืื™ืžื”
01:18
for the final resting place of the deceased.
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ืœืžืงื•ื ื”ืžื ื•ื—ื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืชื™ื.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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