Are the illuminati real? - Chip Berlet

5,017,337 views ใƒป 2019-10-31

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:06
The year was 1776.
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ื”ืฉื ื” ื”ื™ืชื” 1776.
00:09
In Bavaria, new ideals of rationalism, religious freedom,
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ื‘ื‘ื•ื•ืืจื™ื”, ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช, ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื“ืชื™ืช,
00:13
and universal human rights
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ื•ื–ื›ื•ื™ื•ืช ืื ื•ืฉ ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกืœื™ื•ืช
00:15
competed with the Catholic churchโ€™s heavy influence over public affairs.
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ื”ืชื—ืจื• ืขื ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื”ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉืœ ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื” ื”ืงืชื•ืœื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื™ื.
00:20
Across the Atlantic,
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ื‘ืฆื™ื“ื• ื”ืฉื ื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืื˜ืœื ื˜ื™,
00:21
a new nation staked its claim for independence on the basis of these ideas.
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ืื•ืžื” ื—ื“ืฉื” ื”ืขืœืชื” ืืช ื˜ืขื ืชื” ืœืขืฆืžืื•ืช ืขืœ ื‘ืกื™ืก ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
00:26
But back in Bavaria,
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ื‘ื‘ื•ื•ืืจื™ื”,
00:27
law professor Adam Weishauptโ€™s attempts to teach secular philosophy
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ื”ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืคืจื•ืคืกื•ืจ ืœืžืฉืคื˜ื™ื ืื“ื ื•ื•ื™ืกื”ืื•ืคื˜ ืœืœืžื“ ืคื™ืœื•ืกื•ืคื™ื” ื—ื™ืœื•ื ื™ืช
00:32
continued to be frustrated.
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ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืชืกื›ืœ.
00:34
Weishaupt decided to spread his ideas through a secret society
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ื•ื•ื™ืกื”ืื•ืคื˜ ื”ื—ืœื™ื˜ ืœื”ืคื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื“ืจืš ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช
00:38
that would shine a light on the shortcomings of the Churchโ€™s ideology.
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ืฉืชืื™ืจ ืื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืกืจื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืื™ื“ื™ืื•ืœื•ื’ื™ื™ืช ื”ื›ื ืกื™ื”.
00:43
He called his secret society the Illuminati.
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ื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืœืื’ื•ื“ื” ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™.
00:47
Weishaupt modelled aspects of his secret society off a group called the Freemasons.
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ื•ื•ื™ืกื”ืื•ืคื˜ ื‘ื ื” ืžืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื’ื•ื“ื” ื”ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืœื• ืœืคื™ ื”ืžื•ื“ืœ ืฉืœ ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ื‘ืฉื ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื.
00:52
Originally an elite stoneworkersโ€™ guild in the late Middle Ages,
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ื‘ืžืงื•ืจ ื’ื™ืœื“ื” ืืœื™ื˜ื™ืกื˜ื™ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ืื™ื ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื™ื,
00:56
the Freemasons had gone from passing down the craft of masonry
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ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืžื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืืžื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื ื™ื”
01:00
to more generally promoting ideals of knowledge and reason.
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ืœืงื™ื“ื•ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื›ืœืœื™ ืฉืœ ืื™ื“ื™ืืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ.
01:04
Over time, they had grown into a semi-secret, exclusive order
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ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ, ื”ื ื’ื“ืœื• ืœืžืกื“ืจ ืืงืกืงืœื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ ืกื•ื“ื™ ื—ืœืงื™ืช
01:07
that included many wealthy and influential individuals,
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ืฉื›ืœืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื ืฉื™ื ืขืฉื™ืจื™ื ื•ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื,
01:11
with elaborate, secret initiation rituals.
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ืขื ื˜ืงืกื™ ื—ื ื™ื›ื” ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ื™ื ื•ืกื•ื“ื™ื™ื.
01:14
Weishaupt created his parallel society while also joining the Freemasons
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ื•ื•ื™ืกื”ืื•ืคื˜ ื™ืฆืจ ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืขื•ื“ื• ืžืฆื˜ืจืฃ ื’ื ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื
01:18
and recruiting from their ranks.
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ื•ื’ื ืžื’ื™ื™ืก ืžืฉื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื.
01:21
He adopted the code name Spartacus for himself,
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ื”ื•ื ืื™ืžืฅ ืืช ืฉื ื”ืงื•ื“ ืกืคืจื˜ืงื•ืก ืœืขืฆืžื•,
01:24
after the famed leader of the Roman slave revolt.
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ืขืœ ืฉื ื”ืžื ื”ื™ื’ ื”ืžืคื•ืจืกื ืฉืœ ืžืจื“ ื”ืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื”ืจื•ืžื™.
01:27
Early members became the Illuminatiโ€™s ruling council, or Areopagus.
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ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืจืืฉื•ื ื™ื ื”ืคื›ื• ืœืžื•ืขืฆื” ื”ืฉืœื˜ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™, ืื• ื”ืืจืื•ืคื’ื•ืก.
01:32
One of these members, Baron Adolph Knigge, was also a freemason,
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ืื—ื“ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”, ื”ื‘ืจื•ืŸ ืื“ื•ืœืฃ ืงื ื™ื’, ื”ื™ื” ื’ื ื‘ื•ื ื” ื—ื•ืคืฉื™,
01:36
and became an influential recruiter.
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ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืžื’ื™ื™ืก ืžืฉืคื™ืข.
01:39
With Kniggeโ€™s help, the Illuminati expanded their numbers,
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ืขื ืขื–ืจืชื• ืฉืœ ืงื ื™ื’, ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ ื”ืจื—ื™ื‘ื• ืืช ืฉื•ืจื•ืชื™ื”ื,
01:42
gained influence within several Masonic chapters,
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ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ื”ืฉืคืขื” ื‘ื›ืžื” ืกื ื™ืคื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื,
01:45
and incorporated Masonic rituals.
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ื•ืฉื™ืœื‘ื• ื˜ืงืกื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื.
01:48
By 1784, there were over 600 members,
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ืขื“ 1784, ื”ื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 600 ื—ื‘ืจื™ื,
01:51
including influential scholars and politicians.
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ืžืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืขื™ื ื•ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ืงืื™ื.
01:55
As the Illuminati gained members,
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ื›ืฉื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื”ื’ื“ื™ืœื• ืืช ื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื,
01:57
the American Revolution also gained momentum.
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ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ืช ืชืคืกื” ื’ื ื”ื™ื ืชืื•ืฆื”.
02:00
Thomas Jefferson would later cite Weishaupt as an inspiration.
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ืชื•ืžืืก ื’'ืคืจืกื•ืŸ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฆื™ื˜ื˜ ืืช ื•ื•ื™ืกื”ืื•ืคื˜ ื›ื”ืฉืจืื”.
02:04
European monarchs and clergy were fearful of similar revolts on their home soil.
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ืžืœื›ื™ื ืื™ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืื ืฉื™ ื›ืžื•ืจื” ืคื—ื“ื• ืžืžื”ืคื›ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืชื™ื”ื.
02:10
Meanwhile, the existence of the Illuminati had become an open secret.
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ื‘ื™ื ืชื™ื™ื, ื”ืงื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ ื”ืคืš ืœืกื•ื“ ื’ืœื•ื™.
02:14
Both the Illuminati and the Freemasons drew exclusively
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ื’ื ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ ื•ื’ื ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื ืงื™ื‘ืœื• ืืงืกืงืœื•ืกื™ื‘ื™ื•ืช
02:18
from societyโ€™s wealthy elite,
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ืžื”ืืœื™ื˜ื” ื”ืขืฉื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื‘ืจื”,
02:20
which meant they were constantly rubbing shoulders
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ืžื” ืฉืืžืจ ืฉื”ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื›ื›ื• ื›ืชืคื™ื™ื
02:22
with members of the religious and political establishment.
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ืขื ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ืžื”ืžืžืกื“ื™ื ื”ื“ืชื™ื™ื ื•ื”ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื™ื.
02:25
Many in the government and church believed that both groups
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ืจื‘ื™ื ื‘ืžืžืฉืœื” ื•ื‘ื›ื ืกื™ื” ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช
02:28
were determined to undermine the peopleโ€™s religious faith.
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ื”ื™ื• ื ื—ื•ืฉื•ืช ืœื—ืชื•ืจ ืชื—ืช ื”ืืžื•ื ื” ื”ื“ืชื™ืช ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื.
02:32
But these groups didnโ€™t necessarily oppose religionโ€”
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืœื ื‘ื”ื›ืจื— ื”ืชื ื’ื“ื• ืœื“ืช --
02:35
they just believed it should be kept separate from governance.
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ื”ื ืจืง ื”ืืžื™ื ื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื” ืœื”ืฉืืจ ืžื•ืคืจื“ืช ืžื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
02:39
Still, the suspicious Bavarian government started keeping records
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ื”ืžืžืฉืœื” ื”ื‘ื•ื•ืืจื™ืช ื”ื—ืฉื“ื ื™ืช ื”ื—ืœื” ืœืชืขื“
02:43
of alleged members of the Illuminati.
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ืืช ืžื™ ืฉื ื—ืฉื“ื• ื›ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™.
02:46
Just as Illuminati members begun to secure important positions in local governments
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ืžืžืฉ ื›ืฉื—ื‘ืจื™ ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื ื˜ื™ ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืขืžื“ื•ืช ื—ืฉื•ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™
02:50
and universities,
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ื•ื‘ืื•ื ื™ื‘ืจืกื™ื˜ืื•ืช,
02:52
a 1784 decree by Duke Karl Theodor of Bavaria banned all secret societies.
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ืฆื• ื‘ 1784 ืžืืช ื”ื“ื•ื›ืก ืงืืจืœ ืชืื•ื“ื•ืจ ืžื‘ื•ื•ืืจื™ื” ืืกืจ ืขืœ ืื’ื•ื“ื•ืช ืกื•ื“ื™ื•ืช.
03:00
While a public ban on something ostensibly secret might seem difficult to enforce,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืื™ืกื•ืจ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขืœ ืžืฉื”ื• ืกื•ื“ื™ ื‘ืžืงื•ืจื• ื ืจืื” ืงืฉื” ืœืื›ื™ืคื”,
03:05
in this case it worked.
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ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื”ื–ื” ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“.
03:06
Only nine years after its founding,
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ืจืง ืชืฉืข ืฉื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ ื™ืกื•ื“ื”,
03:08
the group dissolved, their records were seized,
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ื”ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืคื•ื–ืจื”, ื”ืจืฉื•ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื ืชืคืกื•,
03:11
and Weishaupt forced into exile.
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ื•ื•ื•ื™ืกื”ืื•ืคื˜ ื”ื•ื’ืœื”.
03:14
The Illuminati would become more notorious in their afterlife
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ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ ื”ืคื›ื• ื™ื“ื•ืขื™ื ืœืฉืžืฆื” ืœืื—ืจ ืœื›ืชื
03:18
than they had ever been in their brief existence.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืืฉืจ ื‘ืชืงื•ืคืช ืงื™ื•ืžื ื”ืงืฆืจื”.
03:21
A decade later, in the aftermath of the French Revolution,
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ืขืฉื•ืจ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ื‘ืฉืœื”ื™ ื”ืžื”ืคื›ื” ื”ืฆืจืคืชื™ืช,
03:25
conservative authors claimed the Illuminati had survived their banishment
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ืกื•ืคืจื™ื ืฉืžืจื ื™ื ื˜ืขื ื• ืฉื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืจื“ื• ืืช ื”ื’ื™ืจื•ืฉ ืฉืœื”ื
03:29
and orchestrated the overthrow of the monarchy.
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ื•ื ื™ืฆื—ื• ืขืœ ื”ืคืœืช ื”ืžื•ื ืืจื›ื™ื”.
03:33
In the United States,
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ื‘ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
03:34
preacher Jedidiah Morse promoted similar ideas of an Illuminati conspiracy
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ื”ืžื˜ื™ืฃ ื’'ื“ื“ื™ื” ืžื•ืจืก ืงื™ื“ื ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื ืกืคื™ืจืฆื™ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™
03:39
against the government.
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ื ื’ื“ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ.
03:40
But though the idea of a secret group orchestrating political upheaval
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืื’ื•ื“ื” ืกื•ื“ื™ืช ืฉืžืชืืžืช ื”ืคื™ื›ื•ืช ืคื•ืœื™ื˜ื™ื•ืช
03:45
is still alive and well today, there is no evidence that the Illuminati survived,
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ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ื™ ื”ื™ื•ื, ืื™ืŸ ืขื“ื•ืช ืฉื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ ืฉืจื“ื•,
03:50
reformed, or went underground.
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ื”ืฉืชืงืžื•, ืื• ื™ืจื“ื• ืœืžื—ืชืจืช.
03:53
Their brief tenure is well-documented in Bavarian government records,
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ื”ืงื™ื•ื ื”ืงืฆืจ ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชื•ืขื“ ื”ื™ื˜ื‘ ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื•ืืจื™,
03:56
the still-active Freemasonsโ€™s records,
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ื‘ืจื™ืฉื•ืžื™ื ืฉืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉื™ื™ื,
03:59
and particularly the overlap between these two sources,
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ื•ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื‘ื—ืคื™ืคื” ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
04:02
without a whisper since.
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ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ื™ืฉื” ืžืื–.
04:04
In the spirit of rationalism the Illuminati embraced,
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ื‘ืจื•ื— ื”ืจืฆื™ื•ื ืœื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ ืื™ืžืฆื•,
04:08
one must conclude they no longer exist.
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ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืกืงื ื” ืฉื”ื ืœื ืงื™ื™ื™ืžื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
04:11
But the ideas that spurred Weishaupt to found the illuminati still spread,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื’ืจืžื• ืœื•ื•ื™ืกื”ืื•ืคื˜ ืœื™ื™ืกื“ ืืช ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื ืคื•ืฆื™ื,
04:15
becoming the basis for many Western governments today.
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ื•ื”ื•ืคื›ื™ื ืœื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉืœ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืžืžืฉืœื•ืช ืžืขืจื‘ื™ื•ืช ื”ื™ื•ื.
04:19
These ideas didnโ€™t start or end with the Illuminatiโ€”
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืœื ื”ืชื—ื™ืœื• ืื• ื”ืกืชื™ื™ืžื• ืขื ื”ืื™ืœื•ืžื™ื ื˜ื™ --
04:22
instead, it was one community that represented a wave of change
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ื‘ืžืงื•ื, ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ืงื”ื™ืœื” ืื—ืช ืฉื™ื™ืฆื’ื” ื’ืœ ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™
04:27
that was already underway when it was founded
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ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ื™ืฆื ืœื“ืจื›ื• ื›ืฉื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืกื“ื”
04:30
and continued long after it ended.
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ื•ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ื”ืจื‘ื” ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื™ื ื”ื’ื™ืขื” ืœืงื™ืฆื”.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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