Are the illuminati real? - Chip Berlet

5,093,922 views ・ 2019-10-31

TED-Ed


μ•„λž˜ μ˜λ¬Έμžλ§‰μ„ λ”λΈ”ν΄λ¦­ν•˜μ‹œλ©΄ μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€.

λ²ˆμ—­: Soyun Cho κ²€ν† : Yunjung Nam
00:06
The year was 1776.
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1776λ…„,
00:09
In Bavaria, new ideals of rationalism, religious freedom,
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λ°”λ°”λ¦¬μ•„μ—μ„œλŠ” μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ ν•©λ¦¬μ£Όμ˜ 이념, 쒅ꡐ적 자유,
00:13
and universal human rights
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보편인ꢌ이 가톨릭 κ΅νšŒμ™€ λŒ€λ¦½ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:15
competed with the Catholic church’s heavy influence over public affairs.
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ꡐ회의 λ§‰λŒ€ν•œ 영ν–₯λ ₯이 곡적인 μ‚¬μ•ˆμ—λ„ 미치던 λ•Œμ˜€μ£ .
00:20
Across the Atlantic,
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λŒ€μ„œμ–‘ λ„ˆλ¨Έμ—λŠ”,
00:21
a new nation staked its claim for independence on the basis of these ideas.
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μ΄λŸ¬ν•œ 사상을 기반으둜 μƒˆλ‘œμš΄ κ΅­κ°€κ°€ 독립을 μ™Έμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:26
But back in Bavaria,
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λ‹Ήμ‹œ λ°”λ°”λ¦¬μ•„μ—μ„œλŠ”,
00:27
law professor Adam Weishaupt’s attempts to teach secular philosophy
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법학 ꡐ수 μ•„λ‹΄ λ°”μ΄μŠ€ν•˜μš°ν”„νŠΈκ°€ λŒ€μ€‘μ—κ²Œ 철학을 μ•Œλ¦¬λ € ν–ˆμ§€λ§Œ
00:32
continued to be frustrated.
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μ‹€νŒ¨λ§Œ κ±°λ“­ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:34
Weishaupt decided to spread his ideas through a secret society
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κ·ΈλŠ” λΉ„λ°€ 단체λ₯Ό 톡해 μžμ‹ μ˜ 사상을 μ „νŒŒν•˜κΈ°λ‘œ ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:38
that would shine a light on the shortcomings of the Church’s ideology.
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ꡐ회 μ‚¬μƒμ˜ ν•œκ³„μ μ„ μ§€μ ν•˜λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ΄μ—ˆμ£ .
00:43
He called his secret society the Illuminati.
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κ·ΈλŠ” 이 단체λ₯Ό μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°λΌκ³  λΆˆλ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:47
Weishaupt modelled aspects of his secret society off a group called the Freemasons.
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λ°”μ΄μŠ€ν•˜μš°ν”„νŠΈλŠ” ν”„λ¦¬λ©”μ΄μŠ¨μ„ λΉ„λ°€λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ 본보기둜 μ—¬κ²ΌμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
00:52
Originally an elite stoneworkers’ guild in the late Middle Ages,
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ν›„κΈ° 쀑세 세곡 μž₯μΈλ“€μ˜ λͺ¨μž„μ΄μ—ˆλ˜,
00:56
the Freemasons had gone from passing down the craft of masonry
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ν”„λ¦¬λ©”μ΄μŠ¨μ€ 석곡 기술 μ „μˆ˜λ‘œ μ‹œμž‘ν•΄
01:00
to more generally promoting ideals of knowledge and reason.
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지식과 이성에 κ΄€λ ¨λœ 사상을 ν™œμ„±ν™”ν•˜λŠ” λ°κΉŒμ§€ 이λ₯΄λ €μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:04
Over time, they had grown into a semi-secret, exclusive order
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이후, 이 λ‹¨μ²΄λŠ” κ³΅κ³΅μ—°ν•œ λΉ„λ°€μ΄λ©΄μ„œ 배타적인 μ„±ν–₯의 체제둜 λ³€ν™”ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:07
that included many wealthy and influential individuals,
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경제λ ₯κ³Ό 영ν–₯λ ₯이 높은 인물이 κ°€μž…ν–ˆμœΌλ©°
01:11
with elaborate, secret initiation rituals.
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μ •κ΅ν•œ μž…νšŒμ‹λ„ λΉ„κ³΅κ°œλ‘œ μ΄λ€„μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:14
Weishaupt created his parallel society while also joining the Freemasons
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λ°”μ΄μŠ€ν•˜μš°ν”„νŠΈλŠ” μžμ‹ μ΄ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 단체λ₯Ό μ°½μ„€ν–ˆμŒμ—λ„
01:18
and recruiting from their ranks.
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ν”„λ¦¬λ©”μ΄μŠ¨μ— κ°€μž…ν•˜μ—¬ νšŒμ›μ„ λͺ¨μ§‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:21
He adopted the code name Spartacus for himself,
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κ·ΈλŠ” 슀파λ₯΄νƒ€μΏ μŠ€λΌλŠ” μ•”ν˜Έλͺ…μœΌλ‘œ μžμ‹ μ„ μΉ­ν–ˆλŠ”λ°,
01:24
after the famed leader of the Roman slave revolt.
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둜마 λ…Έμ˜ˆ 혁λͺ…μ˜ 유λͺ…ν•œ μ§€λ„μžμ˜ 이름을 본뜬 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:27
Early members became the Illuminati’s ruling council, or Areopagus.
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μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°μ˜ 초기 νšŒμ›λ“€μ€ 자치회인 μ•„λ ˆμ˜€νŒŒκ³ μŠ€κ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:32
One of these members, Baron Adolph Knigge, was also a freemason,
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이듀 쀑 λ°”λ‘  μ•„λŒν”„ λ„λ‹ˆκ·Έ λ˜ν•œ ν”„λ¦¬λ©”μ΄μŠ¨ νšŒμ›μ΄μ—ˆκ³ ,
01:36
and became an influential recruiter.
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영ν–₯λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” μ±„μš©μžκ°€ λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:39
With Knigge’s help, the Illuminati expanded their numbers,
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λ„λ‹ˆκ·Έ 덕뢄에, μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°λŠ” λͺΈμ§‘을 뢈리고,
01:42
gained influence within several Masonic chapters,
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λͺ‡λͺ‡ ν”„λ¦¬λ©”μ΄μŠ¨ 지뢀에 ꢌλ ₯을 μ–»μœΌλ©°
01:45
and incorporated Masonic rituals.
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κ·Έλ“€μ˜ μ˜μ‹μ„ ν‘μˆ˜ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:48
By 1784, there were over 600 members,
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1784년이 되자, νšŒμ› μˆ˜λŠ” 600λͺ…이 λ„˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°
01:51
including influential scholars and politicians.
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κ·Έμ€‘μ—λŠ” 영ν–₯λ ₯ μžˆλŠ” μ² ν•™μžμ™€ μ •μΉ˜κ°€λ„ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
01:55
As the Illuminati gained members,
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μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°κ°€ μ„±μž₯ν•˜μž,
01:57
the American Revolution also gained momentum.
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λ―Έκ΅­ 혁λͺ…에도 탄λ ₯이 λΆ™μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:00
Thomas Jefferson would later cite Weishaupt as an inspiration.
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후에 ν† λ¨ΈμŠ€ μ œνΌμŠ¨μ€ λ°”μ΄μŠ€ν•˜μš°ν”„νŠΈκ°€ 그의 영감의 μ›μ²œμ΄μ—ˆλ‹€κ³  μ–ΈκΈ‰ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:04
European monarchs and clergy were fearful of similar revolts on their home soil.
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유럽 ꡰ주와 μ„±μ§μžλŠ” μžκ΅­μ—μ„œ μœ μ‚¬ν•œ 혁λͺ…이 μΌμ–΄λ‚ κΉŒλ΄ μš°λ €ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:10
Meanwhile, the existence of the Illuminati had become an open secret.
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ν•œνŽΈ, μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°μ˜ μ‘΄μž¬λŠ” κ³΅κ³΅μ—°ν•œ 비밀이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:14
Both the Illuminati and the Freemasons drew exclusively
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μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°μ™€ ν”„λ¦¬λ©”μ΄μŠ¨ νšŒμ› λͺ¨λ‘κ°€
λ…λ³΄μ μœΌλ‘œ μ‚¬νšŒμ˜ μ—˜λ¦¬νŠΈ 계측 μΆœμ‹ μ΄μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:18
from society’s wealthy elite,
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02:20
which meant they were constantly rubbing shoulders
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즉, 이듀은 쒅ꡐ계, 정계 인사와
02:22
with members of the religious and political establishment.
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μΉœλΆ„μ„ μœ μ§€ν•˜κ³  μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:25
Many in the government and church believed that both groups
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정뢀와 ꡐ회 λ‚΄λΆ€μ˜ λŒ€λ‹€μˆ˜κ°€ 이 두 λ‹¨μ²΄μ˜ 섀립 λͺ©μ μ΄
02:28
were determined to undermine the people’s religious faith.
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λŒ€μ€‘μ˜ 신앙심 약화라고 μƒκ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:32
But these groups didn’t necessarily oppose religionβ€”
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ μ‹€μ œλ‘œλŠ” 이듀이 쒅ꡐλ₯Ό λ°˜λŒ€ν•œ 것은 μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:35
they just believed it should be kept separate from governance.
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단지 쒅ꡐ와 μ •λΆ€μ˜ 뢄리λ₯Ό μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμ£ .
02:39
Still, the suspicious Bavarian government started keeping records
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ, μ˜ν˜Ήμ„ 가진 바바리아 μ •λΆ€λŠ”
02:43
of alleged members of the Illuminati.
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μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹° νšŒμ›μ„ μΆ”μ •λ˜λŠ” μ‚¬λžŒλ“€μ„ κΈ°λ‘ν•˜κΈ° μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
02:46
Just as Illuminati members begun to secure important positions in local governments
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μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹° νšŒμ›λ“€μ΄ 정뢀와 λŒ€ν•™μ—μ„œ μ€‘μš”ν•œ 직책듀을 맑기 μ‹œμž‘ν–ˆλ˜ μ‹œκΈ°μ—,
02:50
and universities,
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02:52
a 1784 decree by Duke Karl Theodor of Bavaria banned all secret societies.
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샀λ₯Ό ν…Œμ˜€λ„λ₯΄ κ³΅μž‘μ˜ 1784λ…„ 포고둜 λͺ¨λ“  λΉ„λ°€ 단체가 κΈˆμ§€λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:00
While a public ban on something ostensibly secret might seem difficult to enforce,
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λΉ„λ°€ 단체λ₯Ό 곡적으둜 κΈˆμ§€ν•˜λŠ” 법을 μ§‘ν–‰ν•˜λŠ” 것이 μ–΄λ €μ›Œ λ³΄μ΄μ§€λ§Œ,
03:05
in this case it worked.
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이 κ²½μš°μ—λŠ” νš¨κ³Όκ°€ μžˆμ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:06
Only nine years after its founding,
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창립 ν›„ 겨우 9년이 μ§€λ‚˜μž,
03:08
the group dissolved, their records were seized,
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단체가 ν•΄μ‚°ν•˜κ³  기둝은 μ••μˆ˜λ˜μ—ˆμœΌλ©°,
03:11
and Weishaupt forced into exile.
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λ°”μ΄μŠ€ν•˜μš°ν”„νŠΈλŠ” μΆ”λ°©λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:14
The Illuminati would become more notorious in their afterlife
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μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°λŠ” ν•΄μ‚° 후에 μ•…λͺ…이 더 λ†’μ•„μ‘ŒμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:18
than they had ever been in their brief existence.
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짧은 ν™œλ™κΈ° λ•Œλ³΄λ‹€ 훨씬 더 유λͺ…ν•΄μ‘Œμ£ .
03:21
A decade later, in the aftermath of the French Revolution,
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10λ…„ ν›„, ν”„λž‘μŠ€ 혁λͺ…μ˜ μ—¬νŒŒμ—μ„œ
03:25
conservative authors claimed the Illuminati had survived their banishment
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λ³΄μˆ˜κ³„μ—΄μ˜ μž‘κ°€λ“€μ€ μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°κ°€ 망λͺ…에도 살아남아
03:29
and orchestrated the overthrow of the monarchy.
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ꡰ주제 전볡을 κ³„νšν–ˆλ‹€κ³  μ£Όμž₯ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:33
In the United States,
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λ―Έκ΅­μ—μ„œλŠ”
03:34
preacher Jedidiah Morse promoted similar ideas of an Illuminati conspiracy
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μ„€κ΅μž μ œλ””λ””μ•„ λͺ¨λ₯΄μŠ€κ°€ μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹° 음λͺ¨λ‘ μ„ μ œμ‹œν•˜λ©°
03:39
against the government.
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μ •λΆ€μ—κ²Œ μ˜ν˜Ήμ„ μ œκΈ°ν–ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:40
But though the idea of a secret group orchestrating political upheaval
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λΉ„λ°€ 단체가 μ •μΉ˜μ  λ³€ν˜μ„ κ³„νšν–ˆλ‹€λŠ” 생각은 아직 κ΅³κ±΄ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ,
03:45
is still alive and well today, there is no evidence that the Illuminati survived,
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μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°κ°€ 아직 λ‚¨μ•„μžˆλ‹€κ±°λ‚˜,
03:50
reformed, or went underground.
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κ°œνŽΈλ˜κ±°λ‚˜ μˆ¨μ—ˆλ‹€λŠ” μ¦κ±°λŠ” μ—†μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
03:53
Their brief tenure is well-documented in Bavarian government records,
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μ΄λ“€μ˜ 짧은 ν™œλ™κΈ°λŠ” 바바리아 정뢀와
03:56
the still-active Freemasons’s records,
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μ—¬μ „νžˆ ν™œλ°œν•œ ν”„λ¦¬λ©”μ΄μŠ¨μ— λŒ€ν•œ 기둝,
03:59
and particularly the overlap between these two sources,
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특히 두 자료 쀑 μ€‘λ³΅λ˜λŠ” λ‚΄μš©μ— 잘 κΈ°λ‘λ˜μ–΄ μžˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:02
without a whisper since.
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κ·Έ μ΄ν›„λ‘œ μΆ”κ°€λœ 기둝은 μ „λ¬΄ν•˜μ§€λ§Œμš”.
04:04
In the spirit of rationalism the Illuminati embraced,
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μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°κ°€ μˆ˜μš©ν•œ μ΄μ„±μ£Όμ˜μ— λ”°λ₯΄λ©΄
04:08
one must conclude they no longer exist.
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이 단체가 λ”λŠ” μ‘΄μž¬ν•˜μ§€ μ•ŠλŠ”λ‹€κ³  κ²°λ‘  지어야 ν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:11
But the ideas that spurred Weishaupt to found the illuminati still spread,
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ λ°”μ΄μŠ€ν•˜μš°ν”„νŠΈκ°€ μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°λ₯Ό μ„€λ¦½ν•˜λŠ”λ°
바탕이 λ˜μ—ˆλ˜ 사상은 쀄곧 ν™•μ‚°ν•˜μ˜€κ³ 
04:15
becoming the basis for many Western governments today.
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μ˜€λŠ˜λ‚  λ§Žμ€ μ„œκ΅¬ μ •λΆ€μ˜ 기반이 λ˜μ—ˆμŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:19
These ideas didn’t start or end with the Illuminatiβ€”
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이 사상듀을 λ§Œλ“€κ±°λ‚˜ νŒŒκ΄΄ν•œ 것은 μΌλ£¨λ―Έλ‚˜ν‹°κ°€ μ•„λ‹™λ‹ˆλ‹€.
04:22
instead, it was one community that represented a wave of change
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ν•˜μ§€λ§Œ 이듀은 섀립 λ‹Ήμ‹œλΆ€ν„° μΌμ–΄λ‚˜λ˜ λ³€ν™”μ˜ 물결을 μƒμ§•ν–ˆκ³ 
04:27
that was already underway when it was founded
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04:30
and continued long after it ended.
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해체 후에도 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ 영ν–₯λ ₯을 λ―Έμ³€μŠ΅λ‹ˆλ‹€.
이 μ›Ήμ‚¬μ΄νŠΈ 정보

이 μ‚¬μ΄νŠΈλŠ” μ˜μ–΄ ν•™μŠ΅μ— μœ μš©ν•œ YouTube λ™μ˜μƒμ„ μ†Œκ°œν•©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ „ 세계 졜고의 μ„ μƒλ‹˜λ“€μ΄ κ°€λ₯΄μΉ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μˆ˜μ—…μ„ 보게 될 κ²ƒμž…λ‹ˆλ‹€. 각 λ™μ˜μƒ νŽ˜μ΄μ§€μ— ν‘œμ‹œλ˜λŠ” μ˜μ–΄ μžλ§‰μ„ 더블 ν΄λ¦­ν•˜λ©΄ κ·Έκ³³μ—μ„œ λ™μ˜μƒμ΄ μž¬μƒλ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. λΉ„λ””μ˜€ μž¬μƒμ— 맞좰 μžλ§‰μ΄ μŠ€ν¬λ‘€λ©λ‹ˆλ‹€. μ˜κ²¬μ΄λ‚˜ μš”μ²­μ΄ μžˆλŠ” 경우 이 문의 양식을 μ‚¬μš©ν•˜μ—¬ λ¬Έμ˜ν•˜μ‹­μ‹œμ˜€.

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