Does your vote count? The Electoral College explained - Christina Greer

8,293,304 views ใƒป 2012-11-01

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: tom carter Reviewer: Bedirhan Cinar
0
0
7000
ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Zeeva Livshitz
00:15
Most people have heard of the Electoral College during presidential election years.
1
15468
5000
ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžืขื• ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื’' ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ืฉื ื•ืช ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช.
00:20
But what exactly is the Electoral College?
2
20468
2803
ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื”ืงื•ืœื’' ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™?
00:23
Simply said, it is a group of people appointed by each state
3
23271
3714
ื‘ืคืฉื˜ื•ืช, ื–ื” ืงื‘ื•ืฆื” ืฉืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืฉืžื•ื ืชื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”
00:26
who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States.
4
26985
4282
ืฉืจืฉืžื™ืช ื‘ื•ื—ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืกื’ืŸ ื”ื ืฉื™ื ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
00:31
To understand how this process began and how it continues today,
5
31267
3501
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื™ืš ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืื™ืš ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉื™ืš ื”ื™ื•ื,
00:34
we can look at the Constitution of the United States: article two, section one, clause two of the constitution.
6
34768
7819
ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื‘ื—ื•ืงื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช: ืกืขื™ืฃ ืฉืชื™ื™ื, ื—ืœืง ืจืืฉื•ืŸ, ืคืกืงื” ืฉืชื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ื—ื•ืงื”.
00:42
It specifies how many electors each state is entitled to have.
7
42587
3513
ื”ื™ื ืžืคืจื˜ืช ืœื›ืžื” ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื–ื›ืื™ืช ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
00:46
Since 1964, there have been 538 electors in each presidential election.
8
46100
5951
ืžืื– 1964, ื”ื™ื• 538 ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื›ืœ ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื ืฉื™ืื•ืชื™ื•ืช.
00:52
How do they decide on the number 538?
9
52051
3050
ืื™ืš ื”ื ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืคืจ 538?
00:55
Well, the number of electors is equal to the total voting membership of the United States Congress.
10
55101
4749
ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉื•ื•ื” ืœืกืš ื”ื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืงื•ื ื’ืจืก ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
00:59
435 representatives, plus 100 senators, and 3 electors from the District of Columbia.
11
59850
6486
435 ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื, ืคืœื•ืก 10 ืกื ืื˜ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื ืฆื™ื’ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžื—ื•ื– ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”.
01:06
Essentially, the Democratic candidate and Republican candidate
12
66336
3481
ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืขืงืจื•ื ื™, ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ ื•ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืื™
01:09
are each trying to add up the electors in every state so that they surpass 270 electoral votes,
13
69817
6218
ืžื ืกื™ื ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื›ืš ืฉื™ืขื‘ืจื• ืืช 270 ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื”ื ื‘ื—ืจื™ื,
01:16
or just over half the 538 votes, and win the presidency.
14
76035
4850
ืื• ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื—ืฆื™ ืž538 ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช, ื•ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ื ืฉื™ืื•ืช.
01:20
So how do states even get electoral votes?
15
80885
2934
ืื– ืื™ืš ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืžืงื‘ืœื•ืช ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื™ื?
01:23
Each state receives a particular number of electors based on population size.
16
83819
4433
ื›ืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืงื‘ืœืช ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื ืฉืœ ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื”ืชื‘ืกืก ืขืœ ื’ื•ื“ืœ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื”.
01:28
The census is conducted every 10 years, so every time the census happens,
17
88252
4433
ื”ืžืคืงื“ ื ืขืจืš ื›ืœ 10 ืฉื ื™ื, ืื– ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืžืคืงื“ ื ืขืจืš,
01:32
states might gain or lose a few electoral votes.
18
92685
3449
ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ืื• ืœืื‘ื“ ื›ืžื” ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื.
01:36
Let's say you're a voter in California, a state with 55 electoral votes.
19
96134
4617
ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื’ื™ื“ ืฉืืชื ืžืฆื‘ื™ืขื™ื ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืขื 55 ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื.
01:40
If your candidate wins in California, they get all 55 of the state's electoral votes.
20
100751
5468
ืื ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉืœื›ื ื–ื•ื›ื” ื‘ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื”ื•ื ืžืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื›ืœ 55 ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”.
01:46
If your candidate loses, they get none.
21
106219
3099
ืื ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ืฉืœื›ื ืžืคืกื™ื“, ื”ื•ื ืœื ืžืงื‘ืœ ื›ืœื•ื.
01:49
This is why many presidential candidates want to win states like Texas, Florida, and New York.
22
109318
4949
ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืžื•ืขืžื“ื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื ืœื ืฉื™ืื•ืช ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื˜ืงืกืก, ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ื•ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง.
01:54
If you currently add up the electoral votes of those three states,
23
114267
3283
ืื ืืชื ืžืกื›ืžื™ื ื›ืจื’ืข ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉืœื•ืฉ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•,
01:57
you would have 96 electoral votes.
24
117550
2433
ืชื’ื™ืขื• ืœ 96 ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื.
01:59
Even if a candidate won North Dakota, South Dakota, Montana, Wyoming,
25
119983
5770
ืืคื™ืœื• ืื ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื™ื–ื›ื” ื‘ืฆืคื•ืŸ ื“ืงื•ื˜ื”, ื“ืจื•ื ื“ืงื•ื˜ื”, ืžื•ื ื˜ื ื”, ื•ื•ื™ื•ืžื™ื ื’,
02:05
Vermont, New Hampshire. Connecticut and West Virginia,
26
125753
4565
ื•ื•ืจืžื•ื ื˜, ื ื™ื• ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ, ืงื•ื ืงื˜ื™ืงื˜ ื•ืžืขืจื‘ ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื”,
02:10
they would only gain 31 electoral votes total from those eight states.
27
130318
4366
ื”ื ื™ื–ื›ื• ืจืง ื‘ 31 ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืžืฉืžื•ื ื” ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
02:14
Here is where it can get a little tricky.
28
134684
2716
ืคื” ื–ื” ื ืขืฉื” ืงืฆืช ืžืกื•ื‘ืš.
02:17
On a rare occasion, like in the year 2000,
29
137400
2485
ื‘ืžืงืจื™ื ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ืช 2000,
02:19
someone can win the popular vote but fail to gain 270 electoral votes.
30
139885
5166
ืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื–ื›ื•ืช ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ 270 ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื.
02:25
This means that the winner may have won and collected their electoral votes by small margins,
31
145051
5285
ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื–ื•ื›ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื–ื›ื” ื•ืืกืฃ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืงื•ืœื•ืช ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื™ื ื‘ื”ื‘ื“ืœ ืงื˜ืŸ,
02:30
winning just enough states with just enough electoral votes,
32
150336
3365
ื•ื–ื›ื” ืจืง ื‘ืžืกืคื™ืง ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ืžืกืคื™ืง ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื,
02:33
but the losing candidate may have captured large voter margins in the remaining states.
33
153701
4916
ืื‘ืœ ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืื•ืœื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ืื—ื•ื–ื™ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ื ื•ืชืจื•ืช.
02:38
If this is the case, the very large margins secured by the losing candidate in the other states
34
158617
5352
ื‘ืžืงืจื” ื–ื”, ื”ืžืจื•ื•ื— ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื”ื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืžืชืžื•ื“ื“ ื”ืžืคืกื™ื“ ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ืช
02:43
would add up to over 50% of the ballots cast nationally.
35
163969
3848
ื™ืชื•ื•ืกืฃ ืœื™ื•ืชืจ ืž 50% ืžื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืื•ืžื”.
02:47
Therefore, the losing candidate may have gained more than 50% of the ballots cast by voters,
36
167817
5500
ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืžืคืกื™ื“ ืื•ืœื™ ืงื™ื‘ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž50% ืžื”ื”ืฆื‘ืขื•ืช ื‘ืงืœืคื™ื•ืช,
02:53
but failed to gain 270 of the electoral votes.
37
173317
3852
ืื‘ืœ ื ื›ืฉืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ 270 ืžื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื.
02:57
Some critics of the electoral college argue the system gives an unfair advantage to states with large numbers of electoral votes.
38
177169
6916
ื›ืžื” ืžื‘ืงืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ืœื’' ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื”ืฉื™ื˜ื” ื ื•ืชื ืช ื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืœื ื”ื•ื’ืŸ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืขื ืžืกืคืจ ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:04
Think of it this way.
39
184085
1516
ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืš.
03:05
It is possible for a candidate to not get a single person's vote -- not one vote --
40
185601
4534
ื–ื” ืืคืฉืจื™ ืฉืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืืคื™ืœื• ืงื•ืœ ืื—ื“ -- ืœื ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืื—ืช --
03:10
in 39 states, or the District of Columbia, yet be elected president by winning the popular vote in just 11 of these 12 states:
41
190135
8319
ื‘39 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช, ืื• ืžื—ื•ื– ืงื•ืœื•ืžื‘ื™ื”, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื–ืืช ื™ื‘ื—ืจ ืœื ืฉื™ื ืื ื™ื–ื›ื” ื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘11 ืžืชื•ืš 12 ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื”:
03:18
California, New York, Texas, Florida, Pennsylvania, Illinois, Ohio,
42
198454
6813
ืงืœื™ืคื•ืจื ื™ื”, ื ื™ื• ื™ื•ืจืง, ื˜ืงืกืก, ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื”, ืคื ืกื™ืœื‘ื ื™ื”, ืื™ืœื™ื ื•ื™, ืื•ื”ื™ื•,
03:25
Michigan, New Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia or Virginia.
43
205267
5734
ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ, ื ื™ื• ื’'ืจื–ื™, ืฆืคื•ืŸ ืงืจื•ืœื™ื™ื ื”, ื’'ื•ืจื’'ื™ื” ืื• ื•ื•ืจื’'ื™ื ื™ื”.
03:31
This is why both parties pay attention to these states.
44
211001
3285
ื–ื• ื”ืกื™ื‘ื” ืฉืฉืชื™ ื”ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ืœื‘ ืœืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืืœื•.
03:34
However, others argue that the electoral college protects small states
45
214286
3849
ืขื ื–ืืช, ืื—ืจื™ื ื˜ื•ืขื ื™ื ืฉื”ืงื•ืœื’' ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ ืžื’ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช
03:38
such as Rhode Island, Vermont and New Hampshire,
46
218135
3216
ื›ืžื• ืจื•ื”ื“ ืื™ื™ืœื ื“, ื•ื•ืจืžื•ื ื˜ ื•ื ื™ื• ื”ืžืคืฉื™ื™ืจ,
03:41
and even geographically large states with small populations
47
221351
3300
ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื’ืื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ืขื ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ืงื˜ื ื”
03:44
like Alaska, Wyoming and the Dakotas.
48
224651
3532
ื›ืžื• ืืœืกืงื”, ื•ื•ื™ืื•ืžื™ื ื’ ื•ื”ื“ืงื•ื˜ื•ืช.
03:48
That's because a candidate can't completely ignore small states,
49
228183
3518
ื–ื” ื‘ื’ืœืœ ืฉืžื•ืขืžื“ ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืขืœื ืœื’ืžืจื™ ืžื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืงื˜ื ื•ืช,
03:51
because in a close election, every electoral vote counts.
50
231701
3200
ืžืคื ื™ ืฉื‘ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ืฆืžื•ื“ื•ืช, ื›ืœ ืงื•ืœ ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ ื—ืฉื•ื‘.
03:54
There are certain states that have a long history of voting for a particular party.
51
234901
3850
ื™ืฉ ื›ืžื” ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ืŸ ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ืืจื•ื›ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื‘ืขื” ืœืžืคืœื’ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช.
03:58
These are known as "safe states."
52
238751
1950
ืืœื” ื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื›"ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช."
04:00
For the past four election cycles -- in 1996, 2000, 2004 and 2008 --
53
240701
7167
ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช -- ื‘ 1996, 2000, 2004 ื• 2008 --
04:07
Democrats could count on states like Oregon, Maryland, Michigan and Massachusetts,
54
247868
5649
ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืื•ืจื’ื•ืŸ, ืžืจื™ืœื ื“, ืžื™ืฉื™ื’ืŸ ื•ืžืกืฆ'ื•ืกื˜ืก,
04:13
whereas the Republicans could count on states like Mississippi, Alabama, Kansas and Idaho.
55
253517
6950
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืฉืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืื™ื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœืกืžื•ืš ืขืœ ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ืžื™ืกื™ืกื™ืคื™, ืืœื‘ืžื”, ืงื ืกืก ื•ืื™ื“ื”ื•.
04:20
States that are teetering between between parties are called "swing states."
56
260467
3833
ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ืฉืžืชื ื“ื ื“ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžืคืœื’ื•ืช ื ืงืจืื•ืช "ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื“ื ื“ื”."
04:24
In the past four election cycles, Ohio and Florida have been swing states,
57
264300
5068
ื‘ืืจื‘ืข ืžืขืจื›ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื•ืช, ืื•ื”ื™ื• ื•ืคืœื•ืจื™ื“ื” ื”ื™ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื ื“ื ื“ื”,
04:29
twice providing electoral votes for a Democratic candidate,
58
269368
3066
ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ื ืชื ื• ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจื™ื ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™,
04:32
and twice providing electoral votes for a Republican candidate.
59
272434
3101
ื•ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืกื™ืคืงื• ืืช ื”ืงื•ืœื•ืช ื”ืืœืงื˜ื•ืจืœื™ื™ื ืœืžื•ืขืžื“ ื”ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืื™.
04:35
Think about it. Do you live in a safe state?
60
275535
3099
ื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื”?
04:38
If so, is it a Democratic or Republican safe state?
61
278634
3884
ืื ื›ืŸ, ื”ืื ื–ื• ืžื“ื™ื ื” ื“ืžื•ืงืจื˜ื™ืช ืื• ืจืคื•ื‘ืœื™ืงืื™ืช?
04:42
Do you live in a swing state?
62
282518
2183
ื”ืื ืืชื ื—ื™ื™ื ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืžืชื ื“ื ื“ืช?
04:44
Are your neighboring states swing or safe?
63
284701
2984
ื”ืื ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉื›ื ื•ืช ืฉืœื›ื ืžืชื ื“ื ื“ื•ืช ืื• ื‘ื˜ื•ื—ื•ืช?
04:47
Is the population in your state increasing or decreasing?
64
287685
3767
ื”ืื ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื‘ืžื“ื™ื ื” ืฉืœื›ื ื’ื“ืœื” ืื• ืงื˜ื ื”?
04:51
And do not forget, when you are watching the electoral returns on election night every four years
65
291452
5032
ื•ืืœ ืชืฉื›ื—ื•, ื›ืฉืืชื ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื‘ืœื™ืœ ื”ื‘ื—ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ืœ ืืจื‘ืข ืฉื ื™ื
04:56
and the big map of the United States is on the screen,
66
296484
3018
ื•ื”ืžืคื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉืœ ืืจืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš,
04:59
know that the magic number is 270 and start adding.
67
299502
5033
ืชื“ืขื• ืฉืžืกืคืจ ื”ืงืกื ื”ื•ื 270 ื•ืชืชื—ื™ืœื• ืœื—ื‘ืจ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7