The myth of Loki and the master builder - Alex Gendler

2,529,075 views ใƒป 2019-11-14

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Allon Sasson
00:06
Asgard, a realm of wonders, was where the Norse Gods made their home.
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ืืกื’ืจื“, ืžืžืœื›ืช ื”ืคืœืื•ืช ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ื ื•ืจื“ื™ื ืงื‘ืขื• ืืช ื‘ื™ืชื.
00:11
There Odinโ€™s great hall of Valhalla towered above the mountains
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ืฉื, ื”ื”ื™ื›ืœ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืฉืœ ืื•ื“ื™ืŸ, ื•ืœื”ืืœื”, ื”ืชื ืฉื ืžืขืœ ื”ื”ืจื™ื
00:16
and Bifrost, the rainbow bridge, anchored itself.
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ื•ื‘ื™ืคืจื•ืกื˜, ื’ืฉืจ ื”ืงืฉืช, ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื•ื’ืŸ ืฉื.
00:20
But though their domain was magnificent,
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ืื‘ืœ ืœืžืจื•ืช ืฉืžืžืœื›ืชื ื”ื™ืชื” ื ืคืœืื”,
00:22
it stood undefended from the giants and trolls of Jotunheim,
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ื”ื™ื ืขืžื“ื” ืœื ืžื•ื’ื ืช ืžืคื ื™ ื”ืขื ืงื™ื ื•ื”ื˜ืจื•ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื™ื•ื˜ื•ื ื”ื™ื™ื,
00:26
who despised the gods and sought to destroy them.
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ืฉืชืขื‘ื• ืืช ื”ืืœื™ื ื•ืจืฆื• ืœื”ืฉืžื™ื“ ืื•ืชื.
00:29
One day when Thor, strongest of the gods, was off fighting these foes,
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ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื›ืฉืชื•ืจ, ื”ื—ื–ืง ื‘ืืœื™ื, ื ืœื—ื ื‘ืื•ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืืœื”,
00:34
a stranger appeared, riding a powerful gray horse.
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ื–ืจ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข, ืจื•ื›ื‘ ืขืœ ืกื•ืก ืืคื•ืจ ื—ื–ืง.
00:38
The visitor made the gods an astonishing offer.
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ื”ืื•ืจื— ื”ืฆื™ืข ืœืืœื™ื ื”ืฆืขื” ืžื“ื”ื™ืžื”.
00:41
He would build them the greatest wall theyโ€™d ever seen,
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื‘ื ื” ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื”ื›ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ืฉื”ื ืื™ ืคืขื ืจืื•,
00:44
higher than any giant could climb and stronger than any troll could break.
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ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ืขื ืง ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœื˜ืคืก ืขืœื™ื” ื•ื—ื–ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื›ื“ื™ ืฉื›ืœ ื˜ืจื•ืœ ื™ื•ื›ืœ ืœืฉื‘ื•ืจ.
00:50
All he asked in return was the beautiful goddess Freyaโ€™s hand in marriageโ€”
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ื›ืœ ืžื” ืฉื”ื•ื ืจืฆื” ื‘ืชืžื•ืจื” ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื™ื“ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืืœื” ื”ื™ืคื”ืคื™ื” ืคืจื™ื” ืœื ื™ืฉื•ืื™ืŸ --
00:55
along with the sun and moon from the sky.
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ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืจื— ืžื”ืฉืžื™ื.
00:59
The gods balked at this request and were ready to send him away.
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ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ื–ื“ืขื–ืขื• ืžื”ื”ืฆืขื” ื•ืขืžื“ื• ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืื•ืชื• ืœื“ืจื›ื•.
01:02
But the trickster Loki concocted a devious plan.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืฉื•ื‘ื‘ ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืขืœื” ืชื•ื›ื ื™ืช.
01:06
He told the gods they should accept the strangerโ€™s offer,
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ื”ื•ื ืืžืจ ืœืืœื™ื ืฉื”ื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ื”ืฆืขื” ืฉืœ ื”ื–ืจ,
01:09
but set such strict conditions that he would fail to complete the wall in time.
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ืื‘ืœ ืœื”ืขืžื™ื“ ื›ืืœื” ืชื ืื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
01:15
That way, they would lose nothing, while getting most of the wall built for free.
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ื›ืš, ื”ื ืœื ื™ืื‘ื“ื• ื“ื‘ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ื™ืจื•ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ื‘ื—ื™ื ื.
01:20
Freya didnโ€™t like this idea at all,
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ืคืจื™ื” ืœื ืื”ื‘ื” ืืช ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ,
01:23
but Odin and the other gods were convinced
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ืื‘ืœ ืื•ื“ื™ืŸ ื•ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ืื—ืจื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืฉื•ื›ื ืขื™ื
01:25
and came to an agreement with the builder.
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ื•ื”ื’ื™ืขื• ืœื”ืกื›ืžื” ืขื ื”ื‘ื•ื ื”.
01:28
He would only have one winter to complete the wall.
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ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื• ืจืง ื—ื•ืจืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื™ืจ.
01:31
If any part was unfinished by the first day of summer,
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ืื ื—ืœืง ื›ืœืฉื”ื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืœื ื’ืžื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื™ืฅ,
01:34
he would receive no payment.
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ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืงื‘ืœ ืชืฉืœื•ื.
01:36
And he could have no help from any other people.
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ื•ืœื ืชื”ื™ื” ืœื ืฉื•ื ืขื–ืจื” ืžืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืื—ืจ.
01:39
The gods sealed the deal with solemn oaths
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ื”ืืœื™ื ื—ืชืžื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืกืงื” ื‘ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช
01:42
and swore the mason would come to no harm in Asgard.
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ื•ื ืฉื‘ืขื• ืฉื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœื ื™ืคื’ืข ื‘ืืกื’ืจื“.
01:47
In the morning, the stranger began to dig the foundations at an astonishing speed,
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ื–ืจ ื”ื—ืœ ืœื—ืคื•ืจ ืืช ื”ื™ืกื•ื“ื•ืช ื‘ืงืฆื‘ ืžืกื—ืจืจ,
01:52
and at nightfall he set off towards the mountains to obtain the building stones.
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ื•ื‘ืœื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื™ืฆื ืœื”ืจื™ื ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ ื‘ื ื™ื”.
01:57
But it was only the next morning, when they saw him returning,
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ืื‘ืœ ืจืง ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ืœืื—ืจ ืžื›ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื ืจืื• ืื•ืชื• ื—ื•ื–ืจ,
02:00
that the gods began to worry.
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ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ื—ืœื• ืœื“ืื•ื’.
02:02
As agreed, no other people were helping the mason.
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื”ื•ืกื›ื, ืืฃ ืื“ื ืœื ืขื–ืจ ืœื‘ื•ื ื”.
02:05
But his horse Svadilfari was hauling a load of stones so massive
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื•ืก ืฉืœื• ืกื•ืื“ื™ืœืคืจื™ ืกื—ื‘ ืžืฉื ืื‘ื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื’ื“ื•ืœ
02:09
it left trenches in the ground behind them.
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื”ืฉืื™ืจ ืฉื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื“ืžื” ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ื•.
02:13
Winter came and went.
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ื”ื—ื•ืจืฃ ื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ืขื‘ืจ.
02:15
The stranger kept building, Svadilfari kept hauling,
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ื”ื–ืจ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช, ืกื•ืื“ื™ืœืคืจื™ ื”ืžืฉื™ืš ืœืžืฉื•ืš,
02:18
and neither snow nor rain could slow their progress.
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ื•ืœื ื”ืฉืœื’ ืื• ื”ื’ืฉื ื™ื›ืœื• ืœื”ืื˜ ืืช ื”ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื.
02:22
With only three days left until summer, the wall stood high and impenetrable,
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ืขื ืจืง ืขื•ื“ ืฉืœื•ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืœืงื™ืฅ, ื”ื—ื•ืžื” ืขืžื“ื” ื’ื‘ื•ื”ื” ื•ื‘ืœืชื™ ื—ื“ื™ืจื”,
02:27
with only the gate left to be built.
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ื›ืฉืจืง ื”ืฉืขืจ ื ื•ืชืจ ืœื ื‘ื ื•ื™.
02:30
Horrified, the gods realized that not only would they lose
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ืžื‘ื•ื”ืœื™ื, ื”ืืœื™ื ื”ื‘ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื ืจืง ืฉื”ื ื™ืคืกื™ื“ื•
02:33
their fertility goddess forever,
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ืืช ืืœืช ื”ืคื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ืœืขื“,
02:35
but without the sun and moon the world would be plunged into eternal darkness.
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ืืœื ืฉื‘ืœื™ ื”ืฉืžืฉ ื•ื”ื™ืจื— ื”ืขื•ืœื ื™ืฉืงืข ืœื—ืฉื›ืช ืขื“.
02:40
They wondered why theyโ€™d made such a foolish wagerโ€”
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ื”ื ืชื”ื• ืœืžื” ื”ื ืขืฉื• ื”ื™ืžื•ืจ ื›ื” ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉ --
02:43
and then remembered Loki and his terrible advice.
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ื•ืื– ื”ื ื ื–ื›ืจื• ื‘ืœื•ืงื™ ื•ื‘ืขืฆื” ื”ื ื•ืจืื™ืช ืฉืœื•.
02:47
Suddenly, Loki didnโ€™t feel so clever.
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ืœืคืชืข, ืœื•ืงื™ ืœื ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื—ื›ื.
02:50
All of his fellow gods threatened him with an unimaginably painful death
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ื›ืœ ื—ื‘ืจื™ื• ื”ืืœื™ื ืื™ื™ืžื• ืขืœื™ื• ื‘ืžื•ื•ืช ื›ื•ืื‘ ืžืื“
02:55
if he didnโ€™t find some way to prevent the builder from getting his payment.
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ืื ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ืžืฆื ื“ืจืš ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ืœืงื‘ืœ ืืช ืฉื›ืจื•.
02:59
So Loki promised to take care of the situation, and dashed away.
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ืื– ืœื•ืงื™ ื”ื‘ื˜ื™ื— ืœื˜ืคืœ ื‘ืžืฆื‘, ื•ืจืฅ ืžืฉื.
03:03
Outside, night had fallen,
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ื‘ื—ื•ืฅ, ื”ืœื™ืœื” ื™ืจื“,
03:05
and the builder prepared to set off to retrieve the final load of stones.
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ื•ื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื ืŸ ืœืฆืืช ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืฉื ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืื‘ื ื™ื.
03:09
But just as he called Svadilfari to him, a mare appeared in the field.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืงืจื ืœืกื•ืื“ื™ืœืคืจื™ ืืœื™ื•, ืกื•ืกื” ื”ื•ืคื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื“ื”.
03:14
She was so beautiful that Svadilfari ignored his master
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ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื™ืคื” ืฉืกื•ืื“ื™ืœืคืจื™ ื”ืชืขืœื ืžื‘ืขืœื™ื•
03:17
and broke free of his reins.
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ื•ื”ืฉืชื—ืจืจ ืžื”ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ืฉืœื•.
03:19
The mason tried to catch him,
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ื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ื ื™ืกื” ืœืชืคื•ืฉ ืื•ืชื•,
03:21
but the mare ran deep into the woods and Svadilfari followed.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืกื•ืกื” ืจืฆื” ืขืžื•ืง ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขืฆื™ื ื•ืกื•ืื“ื™ืœืคืจื™ ืขืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ื”.
03:26
The stranger was furious.
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ื”ื–ืจ ืจืชื— ืžื›ืขืก.
03:27
He knew that the gods were behind this and confronted them:
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ื”ื•ื ื™ื“ืข ืฉื”ืืœื™ื ื”ื™ื• ืžืื—ื•ืจื™ ื–ื” ื•ื”ืชืขืžืช ืื™ืชื:
03:30
no longer as a mild-mannered mason,
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ืœื ืขื•ื“ ื›ื‘ื ืื™ ื ืขื™ื ื”ืœื™ื›ื•ืช,
03:33
but in his true form as a terrifying mountain giant.
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ืืœื ื‘ืฆื•ืจืชื• ื”ืืžื™ืชื™ืช ื›ืขื ืง ื”ืจื™ื ืžืคื—ื™ื“.
03:37
This was a big mistake.
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ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื˜ืขื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”.
03:39
Thor had just returned to Asgard,
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ืชื•ืจ ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ื—ื–ืจ ืœืืกื’ืจื“,
03:41
and now that the gods knew a giant was in their midst,
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ื•ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ื›ืฉื”ืืœื™ื ื™ื“ืขื• ืฉืขื ืง ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื,
03:44
they disregarded their oaths.
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ื”ื ื”ืชืขืœืžื• ืžื”ืฉื‘ื•ืขื” ืฉืœื”ื.
03:46
The only payment the builder would receiveโ€”
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ื”ืชืฉืœื•ื ื”ื™ื—ื™ื“ ืฉื”ื‘ื•ื ื” ืงื™ื‘ืœ --
03:49
and the last thing he would ever seeโ€”
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ื•ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ ืฉืื™ ืคืขื ืจืื” --
03:51
was the swing of Thorโ€™s mighty hammer Mjolnir.
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ื”ื™ื” ื”ื”ื ืคื” ืฉืœ ื”ืคื˜ื™ืฉ ื”ื—ื–ืง ืฉืœ ืชื•ืจ, ืžื™ื•ืœื ื™ืจ.
03:55
As they set the final stones into the wall, the gods celebrated their victory.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ื™ื—ื• ืืช ื”ืื‘ืŸ ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื‘ืงื™ืจ, ื”ืืœื™ื ื—ื’ื’ื• ืืช ื ืฆื—ื•ื ื.
03:59
Loki was not among them, however.
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ืขื ื–ืืช, ืœื•ืงื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ื‘ื™ื ื™ื”ื.
04:01
Several months would pass before he finally returned,
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ื›ืžื” ื—ื•ื“ืฉื™ื ืขื‘ืจื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื—ื–ืจ ืœื‘ืกื•ืฃ,
04:05
followed by a beautiful gray foal with eight legs.
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ื›ืฉืื—ืจื™ื• ืกื™ื™ื— ืืคื•ืจ ื™ืคื”ืคื” ื‘ืขืœ ืฉืžื•ื ื” ืจื’ืœื™ื.
04:08
The foal would grow into a magnificent steed named Sleipnir
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ื”ืกื™ื™ื— ื™ื’ื“ืœ ืœืกื•ืก ืžื“ื”ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ืกืœื™ื™ืคื ื™ืจ
04:12
and become Odinโ€™s mount, a horse that could outrun the wind itself.
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ื•ื”ืคืš ืœืกื•ืกื• ืฉืœ ืื•ื“ื™ืŸ, ืกื•ืก ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฉื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืจื•ื— ืขืฆืžื”.
04:17
But exactly where he had come from was something Loki preferred not to discuss.
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ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืฉืžืžื ื• ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ื™ื” ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉืœื•ืงื™ ื”ืขื“ื™ืฃ ืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ื•.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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