How to spot a fad diet - Mia Nacamulli

1,041,242 views ใƒป 2016-04-11

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: Tal Dekkers
00:06
Conventional wisdom about diets,
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ื”ื”ื’ื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื’ื™ืœ ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช,
00:08
including government health recommendations,
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ื›ื•ืœืœ ื”ืžืœืฆื•ืช ื”ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืžืžืฉืœ,
00:11
seems to change all the time.
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ื ืจืื™ื ื›ืื™ืœื• ื”ื ืžืฉืชื ื™ื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
00:13
And yet, ads routinely come about
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ, ืคืจืกื•ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืฆืื•ืช ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
00:15
claiming to have the answer about what we should eat.
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ื•ื˜ื•ืขื ื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื”ื ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื‘ื ื•ื’ืข ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ.
00:19
So how do we distinguish what's actually healthy
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ืื– ืื™ืš ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืฉืœืžืขืฉื” ื‘ืจื™ื
00:22
from what advertisers just want us to believe is good for us?
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ืœืžื” ืฉืžืคืจืกืžื™ื ืจืง ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืฉื ืืžื™ืŸ ืฉื˜ื•ื‘ ืœื ื•?
00:26
Marketing takes advantage of the desire to drop weight fast,
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ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžื ืฆืœ ืืช ื”ืชืฉื•ืงื” ืฉืœื ื• ืœืจื“ืช ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ,
00:30
and be stronger,
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ื•ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:31
slimmer,
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ืจื–ื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:32
and brighter.
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ื•ื–ื•ื”ืจื™ื ื™ื•ืชืจ.
00:34
And in the big picture, diet plans promising dramatic results,
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ื•ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืžื‘ื˜ื—ื™ื•ืช ืชื•ืฆืื•ืช ื“ืจืžื˜ื™ื•ืช,
00:37
known as fad diets,
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ืฉื™ื“ื•ืขื•ืช ื›ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ืœื ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช,
00:39
are just what they seem: too good to be true.
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ื”ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžื” ืฉื”ืŸ ื ืจืื•ืช: ื˜ื•ื‘ื•ืช ืžื“ื™ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช.
00:43
So where do diet fads even come from?
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ืื– ืžืื™ืคื” ืฉื’ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื?
00:46
While the Ancient Greeks and Romans
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื™ื•ื ื™ื ื”ืขืชื™ืงื™ื ื•ื”ืจื•ืžืื™ื
00:47
rallied behind large-scale health regimens centuries earlier,
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ื”ืœื›ื• ืื—ืจื™ ืžืฉื˜ืจื™ื ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืงื ื” ืžื™ื“ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืžืื•ืช ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
00:52
this phenomenon began in earnest in the Victorian Era
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ื”ืชื•ืคืขื” ื”ื–ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื” ื‘ืืžืช ื‘ืขื™ื“ืŸ ื”ื•ื™ืงื˜ื•ืจื™ืื ื™
00:56
with crazes like the vinegar diet
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ืขื ืฉื’ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื—ื•ืžืฅ
00:59
and the Banting Diet.
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ื•ื“ื™ืื˜ืช ื‘ื ื˜ื™ื ื’.
01:00
Since then, diets have advised us all sorts of things:
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ืžืื–, ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื™ืขืฆื• ืœื ื• ื›ืœ ืžื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:
01:04
to excessively chew,
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ืœืœืขื•ืก ื‘ืฆื•ืจื” ืžื•ื’ื‘ืจืช,
01:06
to not chew at all,
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ืœื ืœืœืขื•ืก ื‘ื›ืœืœ,
01:07
to swallow a grapefruit per meal,
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ืœื‘ืœื•ืข ืืฉื›ื•ืœื™ืช ื›ืœ ืืจื•ื—ื”,
01:10
non-stop cabbage soup,
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ืžืจืง ื›ืจื•ื‘ ืœืœื ื”ืคืกืงื”,
01:12
even consumption of arsenic,
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ืืคื™ืœื• ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ืืจืกื ื™ืง,
01:14
or tapeworms.
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ืื• ืชื•ืœืขื™ ืกืจื˜.
01:16
If the idea of diet crazes has withstood history,
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ืื ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืฉื’ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืขืžื“ื• ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื”,
01:19
could this mean that they work?
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ื”ืื ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ื•ืช?
01:22
In the short term, the answer is often yes.
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ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืงืฆืจ, ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื ื›ืŸ.
01:24
Low-carbohydrate plans,
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ืœืชื•ื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืขื ืžืขื˜ ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช,
01:26
like the popular Atkins or South Beach Diets,
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ื›ืžื• ื“ื™ืื˜ืช ืื˜ืงื™ื ืก ื”ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™ืช ืื• ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ืกืื•'ืช ื‘ื™ืฅ',
01:29
have an initial diuretic effect.
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ื™ืฉ ืืคืงื˜ ืžืฉืชืŸ ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™.
01:32
Sodium is lost until the body can balance itself out,
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ื ืชืจืŸ ืื•ื‘ื“ ืขื“ ืฉื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื—ื•ืฆื”,
01:35
and temporary fluid weight loss may occur.
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ื•ืื™ื‘ื•ื“ ืžืฉืงืœ ื–ืžื ื™ ืžื ื•ื–ืœื™ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืชืจื—ืฉ.
01:39
With other high-protein diets, you might lose weight at first
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ืขื ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ืขืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื—ืœื‘ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ืช, ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืื‘ื“ ืžืฉืงืœ ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”
01:42
since by restricting your food choices,
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืœืช ืืคืฉืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื›ื,
01:44
you are dropping your overall calorie intake.
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ืืชื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ื™ื ืืช ืฆืจื™ื›ืช ื”ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ื”ื›ืœืœื™ืช ืฉืœื›ื.
01:47
But your body then lowers its metabolic rate to adjust to the shift,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœื›ื ืžื•ืจื™ื“ ืื– ืืช ื”ืงืฆื‘ ื”ืžื˜ืื‘ื•ืœื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื ื•ื™,
01:53
lessening the diet's effect over time
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ื•ืžืคื—ื™ืช ืืช ื”ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ื‘ืžืฉืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ
01:55
and resulting in a quick reversal if the diet is abandoned.
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ื•ื›ืชื•ืฆืื” ื™ืฉ ื”ื™ืคื•ืš ืžื”ื™ืจ ืื ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ื ื–ื ื—ืช.
01:59
So while these diets may be alluring early on,
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ืื– ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืื•ืœื™ ืžื•ืฉื›ื•ืช ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื”,
02:02
they don't guarantee long-term benefits for your health and weight.
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ื”ืŸ ืœื ืžื‘ื˜ื™ื—ื•ืช ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš ืœื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืื• ื”ืžืฉืงืœ ืฉืœื›ื.
02:06
A few simple guidelines, though, can help differentiate between
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ื›ืžื” ื”ื ื—ื™ื•ืช ืคืฉื•ื˜ื•ืช, ืขื ื–ืืช, ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœืขื–ื•ืจ ืœื”ื‘ื“ื™ืœ ื‘ื™ืŸ
02:09
a diet that is beneficial in maintaining long-term health,
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ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืฉืžื•ืขื™ืœื” ื‘ืฉืžื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื–ืžืŸ ืืจื•ืš,
02:13
and one that only offers temporary weight changes.
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ื•ืื—ืช ืฉืžืฆื™ืขื” ืจืง ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ืžืฉืงืœ ื–ืžื ื™.
02:17
Here's the first tipoff:
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ื”ื ื” ื”ืจืžื– ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ:
02:18
If a diet focuses on intensely cutting back calories
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ืื ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืžืชืžืงื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืงืœื•ืจื™ื•ืช ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ืช
02:22
or on cutting out entire food groups,
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ืื• ื‘ื”ื•ืฆืืช ืงื‘ื•ืฆื•ืช ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืฉืœืžื•ืช,
02:24
like fat, sugar, or carbohydrates,
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ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ืžื ื™ื, ืกื•ื›ืจ, ืื• ืคื—ืžื™ืžื•ืช,
02:27
chances are it's a fad diet.
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ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ ื”ื•ื ืฉื–ื• ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ื˜ืจื ื“ื™ืช.
02:29
And another red flag is ritual,
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ื•ื“ื’ืœ ืื“ื•ื ืื—ืจ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืงืก,
02:32
when the diet in question instructs you to only eat specific foods,
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ื›ืฉื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืžื•ืจื” ืœื›ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืจืง ืžืื›ืœื™ื ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื,
02:36
prescribed combinations,
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ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืชืืžื™ื,
02:38
or to opt for particular food substitutes,
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ืื• ืœื‘ื—ื•ืจ ื‘ืชื—ืœื™ืคื™ ืžื–ื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžื™ื,
02:41
like drinks, bars, or powders.
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ื›ืžื• ืžืฉืงืื•ืช, ื‘ืืจื™ื, ืื• ืื‘ืงื•ืช.
02:45
The truth is shedding pounds in the long run
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ื”ืืžืช ื”ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื•ืจื“ืช ืงื™ืœื•ื’ืจืžื™ื ื‘ื˜ื•ื•ื— ื”ืืจื•ืš
02:47
simply doesn't have a quick-fix solution.
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ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืื™ืŸ ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืžื”ื™ืจื™ื.
02:51
Not all diet crazes tout weight loss.
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ืœื ื›ืœ ืฉื’ืขื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืžื‘ื™ืื™ื ืื•ื‘ื“ืŸ ืžืฉืงืœ.
02:54
What about claims of superfoods, cleanses, and other body-boosting solutions?
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ืžื” ืขื ื˜ืขื ื•ืช ืœืกื•ืคืจ ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื˜ื™ื”ื•ืจื™ื, ื•ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ื•ืชื ื™ื ื—ื™ื–ื•ืง ืœื’ื•ืฃ?
03:00
Marketing emphasizes the allure
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ื”ืฉื™ื•ื•ืง ืžื“ื’ื™ืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืฉื™ื›ื”
03:01
of products associated with ancient and remote cultures
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ืฉืœ ืžื•ืฆืื™ื ืฉืžืงื•ืฉืจื™ื ืขื ืชืจื‘ื•ื™ื•ืช ืขืชื™ืงื•ืช ื•ืžืจื•ื—ืงื•ืช
03:05
to create a sense of mysticism for consumers.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืชื—ื•ืฉื” ืฉืœ ืžื™ืกืชื™ื•ืช ืœืฆืจื›ื ื™ื.
03:08
While so-called superfoods, like blueberries or aรงaรญ,
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ื‘ืขื•ื“ ืžื” ืฉื ืงืจื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžืื›ืœื™ื, ื›ืžื• ืื•ื›ืžื ื™ื•ืช ืื• ืืกืื™,
03:12
do add a powerful punch of nutrients,
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ืžื•ืกื™ืคื™ื ืžื›ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื•ืžืจื™ื ืžื–ื™ื ื™ื,
03:14
their super transformative qualities are largely exaggeration.
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ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื”ืคื›ื ื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื”ืŸ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจื•ืŸ ื”ื’ื–ืžื”.
03:19
They are healthy additions to a balanced diet,
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ื”ื ืชื•ืกืคื•ืช ื‘ืจื™ืื•ืช ืœื“ื™ืื˜ื” ืžืื•ื–ื ืช,
03:22
yet often, they're marketed as part of sugary drinks or cereals,
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ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืคืขืžื™ื, ื”ื ืžืฉื•ื•ืงื™ื ื›ื—ืœืง ืžืžืฉืงืื•ืช ืžืžื•ืชืงื™ื ืื• ื“ื’ื ื™ ื‘ื•ืงืจ,
03:26
in which case the negative properties outweight the benefits.
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื”ืชื›ื•ื ื•ืช ื”ืฉืœื™ืœื™ื•ืช ืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขืœ ื”ืชื•ืขืœื•ืช.
03:30
Cleanses, too, may be great in moderation
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ื ื™ืงื•ื™ื™ ืจืขืœื™ื, ื’ื ื”ื, ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ื›ืžื•ืช ืžืชืื™ืžื”
03:33
since they can assist with jumpstarting weight loss
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ืžืื—ืจ ื•ื”ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืกื™ื™ืข ืขื ื”ืชื—ืœืช ื”ื™ืจื™ื“ื” ื‘ืžืฉืงืœ
03:35
and can increase the number of fresh fruits and vegetables consumed daily.
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ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ื’ื‘ื™ืจ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื”ื™ืจืงื•ืช ื”ื˜ืจื™ื™ื ืฉื ืื›ืœื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
03:40
Scientifically speaking, though,
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ืžื‘ื—ื™ื ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ืขื ื–ืืช,
03:41
they've not yet been shown to have either a long-term benefit
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ื”ื ืœื ื”ืจืื• ื”ืฉืคืขื•ืช ืžื•ืขื™ืœื•ืช ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš
03:45
or to detox the body any better than the natural mechanisms already in place.
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ืื• ืฉื ื™ืงื• ืืช ื”ื’ื•ืฃ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ืžื ื’ื ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื˜ื‘ืขื™ื™ื ืฉื›ื‘ืจ ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื.
03:51
Everywhere we look,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงื•ื ืฉืืชื ืžืกืชื›ืœื™ื,
03:52
we're offered solutions to how we can look better,
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ืžืฆื™ืขื™ื ืœื ื• ืคืชืจื•ื ื•ืช ืœืื™ืš ืœื”ืจืื•ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:55
feel fitter,
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ืœื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
03:56
and generally get ahead.
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ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื.
03:58
Food is no exception,
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ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื™ื•ืฆื ื“ื•ืคืŸ,
04:00
but advice on what we should eat is best left to the doctors and nutritionists
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ืื‘ืœ ืขืฆื•ืช ืขืœ ืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืื›ื•ืœ ื”ื›ื™ ื˜ื•ื‘ ืฉื™ื’ื™ืขื• ืžืจื•ืคืื™ื ื•ืชื–ื•ื ืื™ื
04:04
who are aware of our individual circumstances.
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ืฉืžื•ื“ืขื™ื ืœื ืกื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™ื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
04:07
Diets and food fads aren't inherently wrong.
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ื“ื™ืื˜ื•ืช ื•ืฉื’ืขื•ื ื•ืช ืื•ื›ืœ ื”ืŸ ืœื ืฉื’ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืžื”ื•ืชืŸ.
04:11
Circumstantially, they might even be right,
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ื ืกื™ื‘ืชื™ืช ื”ืŸ ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ื ื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
04:14
just not for everyone all of the time.
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ืจืง ืœื ืœื›ื•ืœื ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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