Is time travel possible? - Colin Stuart

3,871,206 views ใƒป 2013-10-21

TED-Ed


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

ืชืจื’ื•ื: Ido Dekkers ืขืจื™ื›ื”: benyamin zinshtein
00:06
Have you ever daydreamed about traveling through time,
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ื”ืื ืื™ ืคืขื ื—ืœืžืชื ื‘ื”ืงื™ืฅ
ืขืœ ืžืกืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
00:09
perhaps fast forward in the centuries and seeing the distant future?
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ืื•ืœื™ ืžื”ืจ ืงื“ื™ืžื” ื‘ืžืื•ืช
ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง?
00:13
Well, time travel is possible,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ืžืกืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื•ื ืืคืฉืจื™,
00:15
and what's more, it's already been done.
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ื•ืžื” ืขื•ื“,
ื”ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืงื•ืจื”.
00:17
Meet Sergei Krikalev,
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ืคื’ืฉื• ืืช ืกืจื’ื™ ืงืจื™ืงืœื‘,
00:18
the greatest time traveler in human history.
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ื ื•ืกืข ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื”ืกื˜ื•ืจื™ื” ื”ืื ื•ืฉื™ืช.
00:21
This Russian cosmonaut holds the record
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ื”ืงื•ืกืžื•ื ืื•ื˜ ื”ืจื•ืกื™ ื”ื–ื” ืžื—ื–ื™ืง ืืช ื”ืฉื™ื
00:23
for the most amount of time spent orbiting our planet,
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ืœื›ืžื•ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื” ื‘ื™ื•ืชืจ
ืฉื‘ื™ืœื” ื‘ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
00:26
a total of 803 days, 9 hours, and 39 minutes.
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ืกืš ื”ื›ืœ 803 ื™ืžื™ื, 9 ืฉืขื•ืช, ื• 39 ื“ืงื•ืช.
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืฉื”ื•ืช ืฉืœื• ื‘ื—ืœืœ,
00:31
During his stay in space,
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00:32
he time traveled into his own future
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ื”ื•ื ื ืกืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืœืชื•ืš ื”ืขืชื™ื“ ืฉืœื•
00:34
by 0.02 seconds.
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ื‘ 0.02 ืฉื ื™ื•ืช.
00:37
Traveling at 17,500 miles an hour,
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ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ื ืข ื‘ 28,000 ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจ ืœืฉืขื”,
00:40
he experienced an effect known as time dilation,
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ื”ื•ื ื—ื•ื•ื” ืืคืงื˜
ืฉื™ื“ื•ืข ื›ื”ืชืจื—ื‘ื•ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
00:43
and one day the same effect
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ื•ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ืื•ืชื• ืืคืงื˜
ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื”ืคื•ืš ืžืกืข ืžืฉืžืขื•ืชื™ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
00:45
might make significant time travel to the future commonplace.
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ืœื ืคื•ืฅ ื‘ืขืชื™ื“.
00:49
To see why moving faster through space affects passage of time,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืจืื•ืช ืœืžื” ืชื ื•ืขื” ืžื”ื™ืจื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ื‘ื—ืœืœ
ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ืขืœ ืžืขื‘ืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ,
00:52
we need to go back to the 1880s,
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœื—ื–ื•ืจ ื—ื–ืจื” ืœ 1880,
00:55
when two American scientists,
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ื›ืฉืฉื ื™ ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื,
00:56
Albert Michelson and Edward Morley,
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ืืœื‘ืจื›ื˜ ืžื™ื™ืงืœืกื•ืŸ ื•ืื“ื•ืืจื“ ืžื•ืจืœื™,
00:58
were trying to measure the effect of the Earth's movement around the Sun
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ื ื™ืกื• ืœืžื“ื•ื“ ืืช ื”ืืคืงื˜
ืฉืœ ื”ืชื ื•ืขื” ืฉืœ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ. ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืฉืžืฉ
01:01
on the speed of light.
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ืขืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ.
01:03
When a beam of light was moving in the same direction as the Earth,
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ื›ืฉืงืจืŸ ืื•ืจ ื ืขื”
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื›ืžื• ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ,
ื”ื ืฆื™ืคื• ืฉื”ืื•ืจ ื™ื ื•ืข ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:06
they expected the light to travel faster.
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01:08
And when the Earth was moving in the opposite direction,
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ื•ื›ืฉื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ื ืข ื‘ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ื ื’ื“ื™,
01:10
they expected it to go slower.
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ื”ื ืฆื™ืคื• ืฉื”ื™ื ืชื ื•ืข ืœืื˜ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
01:12
But they found something very curious.
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืžืฆืื• ืžืฉื”ื• ืžืื•ื“ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ.
01:14
The speed of light remained the same no matter what the Earth was doing.
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ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื ืฉืืจื” ื–ื”ื”
ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื” ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืขืฉื”.
01:18
Two decades later, Albert Einstein was thinking
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ืฉื ื™ ืขืฉื•ืจื™ื ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืœื‘ืจื˜ ืื™ื ืฉื˜ื™ื™ืŸ ื—ืฉื‘
01:20
about the consequences of that never-changing speed of light.
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ืขืœ ื”ืฉืœื›ื•ืช
ืฉืœ ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ ืฉืœืขื•ืœื ืœื ืžืฉืชื ื”.
01:23
And it was his conclusions,
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ื•ื–ื• ื”ื™ืชื” ื”ืžืกืงื ื” ืฉืœื•,
01:25
formulated in the theory of special relativity,
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ืฉืงื™ื‘ืœื” ื ื•ืกื—ื” ื‘ืชืื•ืจื™ืช ื”ื™ื—ืกื•ืช ื”ืคืจื˜ื™ืช,
01:27
that opened the door into the world of time travel.
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ืฉืคืชื—ื” ืืช ื”ื“ืœืช
ืœืขื•ืœื ืฉืœ ืžืกืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ.
01:30
Imagine a man named Jack,
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืื™ืฉ ืฉืฉืžื• ื’'ืง,
01:32
standing in the middle of a train carriage,
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ืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืงืจื•ืŸ ืจื›ื‘ืช,
01:34
traveling at a steady speed.
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ืฉื ืขื” ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืงื‘ื•ืขื”.
ื’'ืง ืžืฉื•ืขืžื
01:36
Jack's bored and starts bouncing a ball up and down.
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ื•ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืงืคื™ืฅ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ืœืžืขืœื” ื•ืœืžื˜ื”.
01:38
What would Jill, standing on the platform, see through the window
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ืžื” ื’'ื™ืœ, ืฉืขื•ืžื“ืช ืขืœ ื”ืจืฆื™ืฃ,
ืชืจืื” ื“ืจืš ื”ื—ืœื•ืŸ
ื›ืฉื”ืจื›ื‘ืช ืขื•ื‘ืจืช.
01:42
as the train whistles through?
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01:43
Well, between Jack dropping the ball and catching it again,
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื’'ืง ืฉืžืคื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ
ื•ืชื•ืคืก ืื•ืชื• ืฉื•ื‘,
01:46
Jill would have seen him move slightly further down the track,
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ื’'ื™ืœ ืชืจืื” ืื•ืชื• ื ืข
ืžืขื˜ ื”ืœืื” ื‘ื”ืžืฉืš ื”ืžืกื™ืœื”,
01:49
resulting in her seeing the ball follow a triangular path.
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ืžื” ืฉื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœื–ื” ืฉื”ื™ื ืชืจืื” ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ
ืขื•ืงื‘ ืื—ืจื™ ืžืกืœื•ืœ ืžืฉื•ืœืฉ.
01:53
This means Jill sees the ball travel further than Jack does
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื’'ื™ืœ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ
ื ืข ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžืžื” ืฉื’'ืง ืขื•ื‘ืจ
ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื–ืžืŸ.
01:56
in the same time period.
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01:58
And because speed is distance divided by time,
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ื•ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ื™ื ืžืจื—ืง ืžื—ื•ืœืง ื‘ื–ืžืŸ,
ื’'ืœ ืœืžืขืฉื” ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื ืข ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:00
Jill actually sees the ball move faster.
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02:03
But what if Jack's bouncing ball is replaced with two mirrors
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืื ื”ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืžืงืคืฅ ืฉืœ ื’'ืง
ืžื•ื—ืœืฃ ื‘ืฉืชื™ ืžืจืื•ืช
02:06
which bounce a beam of light between them?
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ืฉืžืงืคื™ืฆื•ืช ืงืจืŸ ืื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื ื”ืŸ?
02:08
Jack still sees the beam dropping down
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ื’'ืง ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื ื•ืคืœ ืœืžื˜ื”
02:11
and Jill still sees the light beam travel a longer distance,
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ื•ื’'ื™ืœ ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ืงืจืŸ ื”ืื•ืจ
ืขื•ื‘ืจืช ืžืจื—ืง ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
02:14
except this time Jack and Jill cannot disagree on the speed
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืคืขื ื’'ืง ื•ื’'ื™ืœ
ืœื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืชื•ื•ื›ื— ืขืœ ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช
02:17
because the speed of light remains the same no matter what.
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ืžืคื ื™ ืฉืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ
ื ืฉืืจืช ื–ื”ื” ืœื ืžืฉื ื” ืžื”.
02:21
And if the speed is the same while the distance is different,
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ื•ืื ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื–ื”ื”
ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื”ืžืจื—ืง ืฉื•ื ื”,
02:24
this means the time taken will be different as well.
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ื–ื” ืื•ืžืจ ืฉื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื•ื ื”.
02:27
Thus, time must tick at different rates for people moving relative to each other.
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ืœื›ืŸ, ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืชืงืชืง ื‘ืงืฆื‘ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื™ื
ืœืื ืฉื™ื ืฉื ืขื™ื ื™ื—ืกื™ืช ืื—ื“ ืœืฉื ื™.
02:32
Imagine that Jack and Jill have highly accurate watches
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ื“ืžื™ื™ื ื• ืฉืœื’'ืง ื•ื’'ื™ืœ ื™ืฉ ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืžืžืฉ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื
02:34
that they synchronize before Jack boards the train.
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ืฉื”ื ืกื ื›ืจื ื• ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื’'ืง ืขืœื” ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื‘ืช.
ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ื ื™ืกื•ื™, ื’'ืง ื•ื’'ื™ืœ ื™ืจืื•
02:38
During the experiment, Jack and Jill would each see
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02:40
their own watch ticking normally.
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ืืช ื”ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืฉืœื”ื ืžืชืงืชืงื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจื’ื™ืœ.
ืื‘ืœ ืื ื”ื ื™ืคื’ืฉื• ืฉื•ื‘ ืžืื•ื—ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ
02:43
But if they meet up again later to compare watches,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืฉื•ื•ืช ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื,
02:46
less time would have elapsed on Jack's watch,
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ืคื—ื•ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืขื‘ืจ ื‘ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื’'ืง,
02:48
balancing the fact that Jill saw the light move further.
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ืฉืžืื–ืŸ ืืช ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื”
ืฉื’'ื™ืœ ืจืืชื” ืืช ื”ืื•ืจ ื ืข ืจื—ื•ืง ื™ื•ืชืจ.
02:52
This idea may sound crazy,
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ื–ื” ืื•ืœื™ ื ืฉืžืข ืžื˜ื•ืจืฃ,
02:54
but like any good scientific theory,
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ืžื• ื›ืœ ืชืื•ืจื™ื” ืžื“ืขื™ืช ื˜ื•ื‘ื”,
02:56
it can be tested.
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ืืคืฉืจ ืœื‘ื—ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื”.
ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื” 70, ืžื“ืขื ื™ื ืขืœื• ืขืœ ืžื˜ื•ืก
02:58
In the 1970s, scientists boarded a plane
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03:00
with some super-accurate atomic clocks
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ืขื ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื™ื ืกื•ืคืจ ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื
03:02
that were synchronized with some others left on the ground.
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ืฉื”ื™ื• ืžืกื•ื ื›ืจื ื™ื
ืขื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืขืœ ื”ืื“ืžื”.
ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื˜ืก ืžืกื‘ื™ื‘ ืœืขื•ืœื,
03:06
After the plane had flown around the world,
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ื”ืฉืขื•ื ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ืžื˜ื•ืก ื”ืจืื• ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื•ื ื”
03:08
the clocks on board showed a different time
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ืžืืœื” ืฉื ืฉืืจื• ืžืื—ื•ืจ.
03:10
from those left behind.
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03:12
Of course, at the speed of trains and planes,
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ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ, ื‘ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืจื›ื‘ื•ืช ื•ืžื˜ื•ืกื™ื,
03:14
the effect is minuscule.
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ื”ืืคืงื˜ ื”ื•ื ื–ืขื™ืจ.
03:16
But the faster you go, the more time dilates.
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ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื ื•ืขื• ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื™ืชืจื—ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:18
For astronauts orbiting the Earth for 800 days,
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ืœืืกื˜ืจื•ื ืื•ื˜ื™ื ืฉื—ื’ื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ ืœ 800 ื™ืžื™ื,
03:21
it starts to add up.
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ื–ื” ืžืชื—ื™ืœ ืœื”ืฆื˜ื‘ืจ.
03:22
But what affects humans also affects machines.
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ืื‘ืœ ืžื” ืฉืžืฉืคื™ืข ืขืœ ืื ืฉื™ื ืžืฉืคื™ืข ื’ื ืขืœ ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช.
03:25
Satellites of the global positioning system
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ืœื•ื•ื™ื ื™ื ืฉืœ ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ื ื™ื•ื•ื˜ ื”ื’ืœื•ื‘ืœื™ืช
03:27
are also hurdling around the Earth
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ื’ื ื”ื ืขืคื™ื ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
03:29
at thousands of miles an hour.
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ื‘ืืœืคื™ ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ืœืฉืขื”.
03:30
So, time dilation kicks in here, too.
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ืื–, ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื–ืžืŸ ืžืฉืคื™ืขื” ื’ื ืคื”.
03:34
In fact, their speed causes the atomic clocks on board
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ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื”ื ื’ื•ืจืžืช
ืœืฉืขื•ืŸ ื”ืื˜ื•ืžื™ ืขืœื™ื”ื
03:37
to disagree with clocks on the ground
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ืœืกื˜ื•ืช ืžื”ืฉืขื•ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงืจืงืข
03:38
by seven millionths of a second daily.
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ื‘ืฉื‘ืข ืžืœื™ื•ื ื™ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
03:40
Left uncorrected,
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ืื ื™ืฉืื™ืจื• ืื•ืชื ืœืœื ืชื™ืงื•ืŸ,
03:42
this would cause GPS to lose accuracy
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ื–ื” ื™ื’ืจื•ื ืœ GPS ืœืื‘ื“ ื“ื™ื•ืง
03:44
by a few kilometers each day.
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ื‘ื›ืžื” ืงื™ืœื•ืžื˜ืจื™ื ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื.
03:47
So, what does all this have to do with time travel
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ืื–, ืžื” ืœื›ืœ ื–ื” ื•ืœืžืกืข ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
03:49
to the far, distant future?
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ืœืขืชื™ื“ ื”ืจื—ื•ืง ืžืื•ื“?
03:51
Well, the faster you go, the greater the effect of time dilation.
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ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื›ื›ืœ ืฉืชื ื•ืขื• ืžื”ืจ ื™ื•ืชืจ,
ื”ืืคืงื˜ ืฉืœ ื”ืจื—ื‘ืช ื–ืžืŸ ื™ื”ื™ื” ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื™ื•ืชืจ.
03:55
If you could travel really close
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ืื ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœื ื•ืข ืžืžืฉ ืงืจื•ื‘
03:56
to the speed of light, say 99.9999%,
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ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ, ื ื’ื™ื“ 99.9999%,
04:00
on a round-trip through space
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ื‘ืžืกืข ื‘ื—ืœืœ
04:02
for what seemed to you like ten years,
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ืœืžื” ืฉื™ืจืื” ืขืฉืจ ืฉื ื™ื,
04:04
you'd actually return to Earth
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ืืชื ืชื—ื–ืจื• ืœืžืขืฉื” ืœื›ื“ื•ืจ ื”ืืจืฅ
04:06
around the year 9000.
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ื‘ืกื‘ื™ื‘ื•ืช ื”ืฉื ื” 9000.
04:08
Who knows what you'd see when you returned?!
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ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืžื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื?!?
04:10
Humanity merged with machines,
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ื”ืื ื•ืฉื•ืช ืžืžื•ื–ื’ืช ืขื ืžื›ื•ื ื•ืช,
04:12
extinct due to climate change or asteroid impact,
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ืžื•ื›ื—ื“ืช ื‘ืฉืœ ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ื™ ืืงืœื™ื
ืื• ืคื’ื™ืขืช ืืกื˜ืจื•ืื™ื“,
04:15
or inhabiting a permanent colony on Mars.
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ืื• ืžื™ื™ืฉื‘ื™ื ืžื•ืฉื‘ืช ืงื‘ืข ืขืœ ื”ืžืื“ื™ื.
04:18
But the trouble is,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ื™ื,
ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื›ื‘ื“ื™ื ื›ืžื• ืื ืฉื™ื,
04:20
getting heavy things like people, not to mention space ships,
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ืฉืœื ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ื—ืœืœื™ื•ืช,
04:22
up to such speeds requires unimaginable amounts of energy.
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ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื›ื–ื• ื ื“ืจืฉืช
ื›ืžื•ืช ืื ืจื’ื™ื” ื‘ืœืชื™ ื ื™ืชื ืช ืœืชืื•ืจ.
04:26
It already takes enormous particle accelerators
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ื–ื” ื›ื‘ืจ ื“ื•ืจืฉ ืžืื™ืฆื™ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืขืฆื•ืžื™ื
04:29
like the Large Hadron Collider
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ื›ืžื• ืžืจืกืง ื”ื”ื“ืจื•ื ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ
04:30
to accelerate tiny subatomic particles to close to light speed.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ื—ืœืงื™ืงื™ื ืชืช ืื˜ื•ืžื™ื™ื ื–ืขื™ืจื™ื
ืงืจื•ื‘ ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ืช ื”ืื•ืจ.
04:35
But one day, if we can develop the tools to accelerate ourselves to similar speeds,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืคืชื— ื›ืœื™ื
ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืื™ืฅ ืืช ืขืฆืžื ื• ืœืžื”ื™ืจื•ื™ื•ืช ื“ื•ืžื•ืช,
04:39
then we may regularly send time travelers
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ืื– ืื•ืœื™ ื ื•ื›ืœ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืงื‘ื•ืข ืœืฉืœื•ื— ื ื•ืกืขื™ื ื‘ื–ืžืŸ
04:41
into the future,
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ืœืขืชื™ื“,
04:42
bringing with them tales of a long, forgotten past.
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ื•ืœื”ื›ื™ื ืื™ืชื ืกื™ืคื•ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ืขื‘ืจ ื ืฉื›ื—.
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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