Jonathan Harris: The web as art

譯者: Dxm Online大小媒體 審譯者: Po-Chih Tsai

So I'm going to talk today about collecting stories

今天我想要來談談收集故事，

in some unconventional ways.

用一些非傳統的方式。

This is a picture of me from a very awkward stage in my life.

這是我在尷尬年齡時拍下的照片，

You might enjoy the awkwardly tight, cut-off pajama bottoms with balloons.

你也許喜歡那件緊繃、剪短且印有氣球圖案的睡褲。

Anyway, it was a time when I was mainly interested

那時我熱衷於

in collecting imaginary stories.

收集有圖像的故事。

So this is a picture of me

照片中我

holding one of the first watercolor paintings I ever made.

拿著我最早時畫的水彩畫。

And recently I've been much more interested in collecting stories

最近我比較有興趣，從現實中收集故事

from reality -- so, real stories.

從現實中收集故事，也就是真實的故事。

And specifically, I'm interested in collecting my own stories,

具體而言，就是喜歡去收集我自己的故事、

stories from the Internet, and then recently, stories from life,

網路上的故事，以及最近所收集的關於人生的故事，

which is kind of a new area of work that I've been doing recently.

這也是我最近投入的新領域。

So I'll be talking about each of those today.

今天我將會一一討論。

So, first of all, my own stories. These are two of my sketchbooks.

先來講我自己的故事。這是我的兩本寫生簿，

I have many of these books,

我有許多這種寫生簿，

and I've been keeping them for about the last eight or nine years.

而且保存了八至九年之久。

They accompany me wherever I go in my life,

它們跟著我四處走動，

and I fill them with all sorts of things,

我在裡面寫滿各種東西，

records of my lived experience:

生活體驗的記錄。

so watercolor paintings, drawings of what I see,

如水彩畫及我看見的景象的繪畫，

dead flowers, dead insects, pasted ticket stubs, rusting coins,

凋謝的花、死去的昆蟲、黏貼的票根、生鏽的硬幣、

business cards, writings.

名片、筆記，

And in these books, you can find these short, little glimpses

從中你可以瞥見

of moments and experiences and people that I meet.

我所經歷的片段。

And, you know, after keeping these books for a number of years,

在紀錄這些簿子幾年之後，

I started to become very interested in collecting

我變得不只有興趣收集

not only my own personal artifacts,

自己的東西，

but also the artifacts of other people.

也對別人的東西感到有興趣。

So, I started collecting found objects.

我開始收集撿到的東西，

This is a photograph I found lying in a gutter in New York City

這是我十年前在紐約市的水溝裡

about 10 years ago.

撿到的照片。

On the front, you can see the tattered black-and-white photo of a woman's face,

你可以看到破爛的黑白女士肖像，

and on the back it says, "To Judy, the girl with the Bill Bailey voice.

後面寫著：獻給聲音像比利貝雷的女孩-茱蒂，

Have fun in whatever you do."

寓樂於妳所做的每件事。

And I really loved this idea of the partial glimpse into somebody's life.

我非常喜歡瞥見別人生命中的片段，

As opposed to knowing the whole story, just knowing a little bit of the story,

不是去知道整個故事; 只去知道其中的一部分，

and then letting your own mind fill in the rest.

然後，用你自己的想像去填滿其他的空白。

And that idea of a partial glimpse is something

而這生命片段的瞥見

that will come back in a lot of the work I'll be showing later today.

將會出現在接下來給各位看的許多作品當中。

So, around this time I was studying computer science at Princeton University,

那時我正在普林斯頓大學讀電腦科學，

and I noticed that it was suddenly possible

我注意到

to collect these sorts of personal artifacts,

收集這些私人物品，

not just from street corners, but also from the Internet.

不只是從街角，還可以從網路上去收集。

And that suddenly, people, en masse, were leaving scores and scores

突然間，人們在網路上，留下大量的數位足跡，

of digital footprints online that told stories of their private lives.

分享他們的私人生活故事。

Blog posts, photographs, thoughts, feelings, opinions,

部落格文章、照片、思緒、感覺、意見，

all of these things were being expressed by people online,

人們全部透過網路抒發，

and leaving behind trails.

並留下痕跡。

So, I started to write computer programs

於是我開始寫電腦程式，

that study very, very large sets of these online footprints.

來研究這些大量的數位足跡。

One such project is about a year and a half old.

其中一項計畫已經有一年半之久，

It's called "We Feel Fine."

叫做"我們感覺很好"。

This is a project that scans the world's newly posted blog entries

這個計畫追蹤全世界最新發佈的部落格文章，

every two or three minutes, searching for occurrences of the phrases

每兩三分鐘執行一次，尋找

"I feel" and "I am feeling." And when it finds one of those phrases,

「我覺得」及「我正感到」等字眼。當程式一找到這些字，

it grabs the full sentence up to the period

就會抓下整個句子，

and also tries to identify demographic information about the author.

並且嘗試辨識出作者的人口統計資料。

So, their gender, their age, their geographic location

如性別、年齡、地理位置，

and what the weather conditions were like when they wrote that sentence.

以及作者寫下那句子時的天氣狀況。

It collects about 20,000 such sentences a day

這程式一天收集大約兩萬個句子，

and it's been running for about a year and a half,

且已經執行約一年半了，

having collected over 10 and a half million feelings now.

現在約收集超過一千零五十萬個感覺了。

This is, then, how they're presented.

這是它們的視覺呈現，

These dots here represent some of the English-speaking world's

這些點代表英語系國家在過去幾小時，

feelings from the last few hours,

所發表的感覺句子，

each dot being a single sentence stated by a single blogger.

每個點代表一個部落客所寫的一個句子。

And the color of each dot corresponds to the type of feeling inside,

點的顏色代表感覺的類型，

so the bright ones are happy, and the dark ones are sad.

亮的代表快樂，暗的代表悲傷。

And the diameter of each dot corresponds

點的大小

to the length of the sentence inside.

代表句子的長度，

So the small ones are short, and the bigger ones are longer.

小的是短句子，大的是長句子。

"I feel fine with the body I'm in, there'll be no easy excuse

「我對自己的身體感到滿意，然而，

for why I still feel uncomfortable being close to my boyfriend,"

我很難解釋為何仍無法與男友親近」

from a twenty-two-year-old in Japan.

由日本一位22歲的人所寫 。

"I got this on some trading locally,

「我從當地的商店買來這個，

but really don't feel like screwing with wiring and crap."

卻不想用線路和沒用的玩意兒來固定它」

Also, some of the feelings contain photographs in the blog posts.

另外有些感覺在部落格中含有照片，

And when that happens, these montage compositions are automatically created,

這時拼湊的貼圖會自動產生，

which consist of the sentence and images being combined.

將句子和照片結合在一起，

And any of these can be opened up to reveal the sentence inside.

點選任何一張就可以看到裡面的句子。

"I feel good."

「我覺得很好」

"I feel rough now, and I probably gained 100,000 pounds,

「我覺得很糟，大概胖了十萬磅，

but it was worth it."

卻很值得」

"I love how they were able to preserve most in everything

「我喜愛他們能夠保存大部分的東西，

that makes you feel close to nature -- butterflies,

好讓你感覺跟大自然很親近--蝴蝶、

man-made forests, limestone caves and hey, even a huge python."

人造森林、石灰山洞 甚至是巨蟒蛇」

So the next movement is called mobs.

下一個動作叫眾聚(mobs)。

This provides a slightly more statistical look at things.

以較統計學的方式來看資料，

This is showing the world's most common feelings overall right now,

這個顯示全世界整體最常見的感覺 ，

dominated by better, then bad, then good, then guilty, and so on.

主要是更好、不好、好、罪惡感等等。

Weather causes the feelings to assume the physical traits

"天氣"會感覺去定義不同天氣

of the weather they represent. So the sunny ones swirl around,

所影響人的方式，所以晴天會轉圈圈。

the cloudy ones float along, the rainy ones fall down,

陰天會漂浮，雨天就下落，

and the snowy ones flutter to the ground.

雪花就飄落地面。

You can also stop a raindrop and open the feeling inside.

你也可以停住一個雨滴打開當中的句子，

Finally, location causes the feelings to move to their spots

最後，地理位置讓感覺句子移動到

on a world map, giving you a sense of their geographic distribution.

世界地圖上，讓你看到句子的地理分佈。

So I'll show you now some of my favorite montages from "We Feel Fine."

現在，給你們看一些我最喜歡的拼圖，

These are the images that are automatically constructed.

這些都是自動組成的圖片。

"I feel like I'm diagonally parked in a parallel universe."

「我的車在平行宇宙中停歪了」

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

"I've kissed numerous other boys and it hasn't felt good,

「我親吻過不少男孩卻從未感覺美好，

the kisses felt messy and wrong,

那些吻感覺很混亂而且錯誤，

but kissing Lucas feels beautiful and almost spiritual."

但是感覺親吻魯克斯很美 甚至超凡入聖」

"I can feel my cancer grow."

「我能感覺到癌症漫延」

"I feel pretty."

「我覺得美麗」

"I feel skinny, but I'm not."

「我覺得很瘦，但其實沒有」

"I'm 23, and a recovering meth and heroin addict,

「我二十三歲，正在戒掉海洛因，

and feel absolutely blessed to still be alive."

而且慶幸自己仍然活著」

"I can't wait to see them racing for the first time at Daytona next month,

「我等不及想看下個月在德通納的首次賽車，

because I feel the need for speed."

因為我感覺非常需要速度感」

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

"I feel sassy."

「我感覺活潑漂亮」

"I feel so sexy in this new wig."

「這頂新假髮讓我感覺好性感」

As you can see, "We Feel Fine" collects

你可以發現We Feel Fine收集

very, very small-scale personal stories.

非常非常渺小的私人故事。

Sometimes, stories as short as two or three words.

有時候甚至只有兩三個字，

So, really even challenging the notion

也可說是在挑戰，

of what can be considered a story.

如何定義一個故事。

And recently, I've become interested in diving much more deeply into a single story.

近來，我變得想要更深入挖掘一個故事，

And that's led me to doing some work with the physical world,

這引領我在實體世界裡做一些事，

not with the Internet,

而不是在網路上，

and only using the Internet at the very last moment, as a presentation medium.

只是最後以網路做為呈現的媒介，

So these are some newer projects that

這些是比較新的計畫，

actually aren't even launched publicly yet.

事實上，都尚未公開。

The first such one is called "The Whale Hunt."

其中一個計畫叫做「獵鯨」，

Last May, I spent nine days living up in Barrow, Alaska,

去年五月我在阿拉斯加的貝羅待了九天，

the northernmost settlement in the United States,

那是美國最北端的領土。

with a family of Inupiat Eskimos,

跟伊努皮亞特愛斯基摩人的家庭一起住 ，

documenting their annual spring whale hunt.

記錄他們每年春天的獵鯨。

This is the whaling camp here, we're about six miles from shore,

這是獵鯨營地，我們離岸邊約六英里遠，

camping on five and a half feet of thick, frozen pack ice.

在五英尺半深厚的浮冰上紮營 。

And that water that you see there is the open lead,

而你看到的水是冰間航道，

and through that lead, bowhead whales migrate north each springtime.

每年春天弓頭鯨都會經過水道遷徙到北方 。

And the Eskimo community basically camps out on the edge of the ice here,

愛斯基摩人就在冰岸上紮營，

waits for a whale to come close enough to attack. And when it does,

等待鯨魚接近到便於攻擊的距離，

it throws a harpoon at it, and then hauls the whale up

用魚叉刺殺，將鯨魚從冰下

under the ice, and cuts it up.

拖上岸後宰殺。

And that would provide the community's food supply for a long time.

鯨魚肉可提供愛斯基摩人長期的糧食。

So I went up there, and I lived with these guys

於是我到了那裡跟當地人

out in their whaling camp here, and photographed the entire experience,

住在獵鯨營地裡，將整個經驗拍攝下來，

beginning with the taxi ride to Newark airport in New York,

從紐約搭計程車到紐華克機場開始，

and ending with the butchering of the second whale, seven and a half days later.

七天後以屠宰第二隻鯨魚做為結束。

I photographed that entire experience at five-minute intervals.

過程中我每5分鐘拍攝一次，

So every five minutes, I took a photograph.

就是每5分鐘，我就拍一張照片。

When I was awake, with the camera around my neck.

我清醒時，相機就在脖子上，

When I was sleeping, with a tripod and a timer.

睡覺時，就用三腳架和定時器。

And then in moments of high adrenaline,

遇到很刺激的時刻，

like when something exciting was happening,

譬如發生令人興奮的事情時 ，

I would up that photographic frequency to as many as

我就會增加拍照的次數 ，

37 photographs in five minutes.

最多可在5分鐘內拍下37張照片。

So what this created was a photographic heartbeat

這創造出一種拍照的心跳，

that sped up and slowed down, more or less matching

加速或減緩，幾乎就跟

the changing pace of my own heartbeat.

我自己的心跳變化一樣。

That was the first concept here.

那是我的最初概念。

The second concept was to use this experience to think about

第二個概念是，利用這個經驗來思考，

the fundamental components of any story.

任何故事都有的基本元素。

What are the things that make up a story?

哪些元素架構出一個故事呢 ？

So, stories have characters. Stories have concepts.

結論是故事有人物，故事有概念，

Stories take place in a certain area. They have contexts.

故事在某地發生，有背景關係，

They have colors. What do they look like?

他們也有顏色。那看起來像什麼？

They have time. When did it take place? Dates -- when did it occur?

故事有時間，也就是幾時發生的？有日期，在哪個時候發生的？

And in the case of the whale hunt, also this idea of an excitement level.

而在獵鯨的例子裡，則還含有刺激的程度。

The thing about stories, though, in most of the existing mediums

可是在大多數

that we're accustomed to -- things like novels, radio,

我們所熟悉的媒介裡，如小說、收音機、

photographs, movies, even lectures like this one --

照片、電影，甚至是像這樣的講座，

we're very accustomed to this idea of the narrator or the camera position,

我們都很習慣有個敘述者，或是有鏡頭角度。

some kind of omniscient, external body

比如一個無所不知的角色，

through whose eyes you see the story.

透過他的眼睛來看故事。

We're very used to this.

我們很習慣這樣來接收故事。

But if you think about real life, it's not like that at all.

但是如果你想到現實生活，事情並非如此，

I mean, in real life, things are much more nuanced and complex,

在現實中事物是更加微妙複雜的，

and there's all of these overlapping stories

故事會重疊交錯

intersecting and touching each other.

和觸碰彼此。

And so I thought it would be interesting to build a framework

於是我覺得創造出一個架構，

to surface those types of stories. So, in the case of "The Whale Hunt,"

來顯露那種微妙的細節，將會很有趣。那麼在獵鯨當中，

how could we extract something like the story of Simeon and Crawford,

我們要如何擷取以賽門與克勞芙為人物，

involving the concepts of wildlife, tools and blood, taking place on the Arctic Ocean,

加入"野生動物" "器具" 與"鮮血"，地點在"北極洋"等等概念，

dominated by the color red, happening around 10 a.m. on May 3,

以紅色為主色，五月三日早上十點左右，

with an excitement level of high?

是什麼樣高度刺激的故事呢？

So, how to extract this order of narrative from this larger story?

要如何從這大故事中，擷取出以上的敘述呢？

I built a web interface for viewing "The Whale Hunt" that attempts to do just this.

於是我建構了一個獵鯨網頁介面，嘗試做到這點。

So these are all 3,214 pictures taken up there.

這是我在阿拉斯加拍的3214張照片。

This is my studio in Brooklyn. This is the Arctic Ocean,

這是我在布魯克林的工作室。這是北極洋。

and the butchering of the second whale, seven days later.

以及七天後屠宰第二隻鯨魚的照片。

You can start to see some of the story here, told by color.

依照顏色你可以看出一些故事，

So this red strip signifies the color of the wallpaper

紅色的色塊代表我當時住的

in the basement apartment where I was staying.

地下一樓公寓的壁紙 。

And things go white as we move out onto the Arctic Ocean.

然後，隨著我到北極而轉為白色。

Introduction of red down here, when whales are being cut up.

另一個紅色系列的照片，則代表鯨魚被屠殺。

You can see a timeline, showing you the exciting moments throughout the story.

你可以用時間軸來看，故事中刺激的時刻。

These are organized chronologically.

照片全部依照時序排列，

Wheel provides a slightly more playful version of the same,

以輪盤呈現則更有趣，

so these are also all the photographs organized chronologically.

全部照片都是按時間排序。

And any of these can be clicked,

任何照片都能點擊，

and then the narrative is entered at that position.

然後就能看到那個片段。

So here I am sleeping on the airplane heading up to Alaska.

這是我在飛往阿拉斯加的飛機上睡覺的照片。

That's "Moby Dick."

那是摩比‧迪克。

This is the food we ate.

這是我們吃的食物。

This is in the Patkotak's family living room

這是帕他寇他克家在貝羅房子的客廳。

in their house in Barrow. The boxed wine they served us.

這是他們請我們喝的箱裝葡萄酒。

Cigarette break outside -- I don't smoke.

吞雲吐霧時間，但我不抽煙。

This is a really exciting sequence of me sleeping.

我睡覺時令人興奮的連環照。

This is out at whale camp, on the Arctic Ocean.

這是在北極洋上的獵鯨營地 。

This graph that I'm clicking down here is meant to be

現在我正在點擊的圖表應該

reminiscent of a medical heartbeat graph,

讓人聯想到醫院的心電圖，

showing the exciting moments of adrenaline.

顯示腎上腺素感受到的刺激。

This is the ice starting to freeze over. The snow fence they built.

這是開始結冰的情形，他們蓋的雪籬笆。

And so what I'll show you now is the ability to pull out sub-stories.

接著給你們看，如何擷取出小故事。

So, here you see the cast. These are all of the people in "The Whale Hunt"

這些角色是這次獵鯨出現的人，

and the two whales that were killed down here.

以及獵殺的兩隻鯨魚。

And we could do something as arbitrary as, say,

我們可以隨意地挑選，

extract the story of Rony, involving the concepts of blood

例如以羅尼為人物，加入鮮血、

and whales and tools, taking place on the Arctic Ocean,

鯨魚、器具等元素，發生在北極洋上，

at Ahkivgaq camp, with the heartbeat level of fast.

地點在阿機瓦克營地，以及心跳加速的程度。

And now we've whittled down that whole story

現在我們削減了整個故事，

to just 29 matching photographs,

變成29張精選照片。

and then we can enter the narrative at that position.

接著就可以從這敘述進入故事，

And you can see Rony cutting up the whale here.

你可以看到羅尼宰殺鯨魚的照片，

These whales are about 40 feet long,

這些鯨魚約長40英尺重、

and weighing over 40 tons. And they provide the food source

40噸以上，鯨魚肉可提供全族人

for the community for much of the year.

大半年的糧食。

Skipping ahead a bit more here, this is Rony on the whale carcass.

跳過一些照片，這裡羅尼正站在鯨魚屍體上，

They use no chainsaws or anything; it's entirely just blades,

他們不使用電鋸或其他工具，完全只用刀子，

and an incredibly efficient process.

而且效率令人驚奇。

This is the guys on the rope, pulling open the carcass.

這是所有人一起拉繩子，剖開鯨魚的屍體，

This is the muktuk, or the blubber, all lined up for community distribution.

這是食用的鯨魚皮或鯨油等著分給大家。

It's baleen. Moving on.

這是鯨鬚。好，繼續。

So what I'm going to tell you about next

接下來我要跟大家分享的，

is a very new thing. It's not even a project yet.

是非常新的東西，它甚至還不算是個計畫案。

So, just yesterday, I flew in here from Singapore, and before that,

昨天我從新加坡飛來這裡，在那之前，

I was spending two weeks in Bhutan, the small Himalayan kingdom

在那之前我在不丹待了兩個星期，

nestled between Tibet and India.

那是位於西藏和印度之間的，喜馬拉雅山脈的小王國。

And I was doing a project there about happiness,

我在不丹進行了一個關於快樂的計畫，

interviewing a lot of local people.

訪問了許多當地的居民，

So Bhutan has this really wacky thing where they base

不丹有個很古怪的事，

most of their high-level governmental decisions around the concept

他們將高層政治決策奠基在

of gross national happiness instead of gross domestic product,

國民快樂總值，而不是國民生產總值之上。

and they've been doing this since the '70s.

從70年代以來就是如此，

And it leads to just a completely different value system.

這創造出一套全然不同的價值體系。

It's an incredibly non-materialistic culture,

這是難以置信的非物質文化，

where people don't have a lot, but they're incredibly happy.

人民擁有的不多，但卻非常快樂。

So I went around and I talked to people about some of these ideas.

於是我到處走訪，跟很多人談論這些觀念。

So, I did a number of things. I asked people a number of set questions,

我做很多事，我問人們許多預設的問題，

and took a number of set photographs,

拍下一些預設的照片，

and interviewed them with audio, and also took pictures.

將訪問錄音下來，且拍照存檔。

I would start by asking people to rate their happiness

一開始我會請居民用1到10，

between one and 10, which is kind of inherently absurd.

評量他們的快樂程度，這本身就有點荒謬。

And then when they answered, I would inflate that number of balloons

當他們答出一個數字，我就會吹出同樣多的氣球，

and give them that number of balloons to hold.

然後交給他們拿著。

So, you have some really happy person holding 10 balloons,

於是，你就會看到非常快樂的人手上拿著十顆氣球，

and some really sad soul holding one balloon.

某些非常悲傷的靈魂，手上拿著一顆氣球。

But you know, even holding one balloon is like, kind of happy.

但是，即使是拿著一顆氣球，也是某種程度的快樂。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

And then I would ask them a number of questions like

然後我會問他們一些問題，

what was the happiest day in their life, what makes them happy.

例如他們最快樂的一天，什麼令他們快樂 ，

And then finally, I would ask them to make a wish.

最後我會請他們許一個願望。

And when they made a wish, I would write their wish

當他們許願之後，我會把願望

onto one of the balloons and take a picture of them holding it.

寫在其中一顆氣球上，讓他們拿著拍照。

So I'm going to show you now just a few brief snippets

現在，我要給你們看幾張零星的照片，

of some of the interviews that I did, some of the people I spoke with.

關於我做的一些訪問和受訪者。

This is an 11-year-old student.

這是一位11歲的學生，

He was playing cops and robbers with his friends, running around town,

他正在玩警察抓小偷的遊戲，在鎮上到處跑

and they all had plastic toy guns.

他們都有塑膠玩具槍。

His wish was to become a police officer.

他的願望是當一個警察，

He was getting started early. Those were his hands.

他從小就已經開始練習了，那是他的雙手。

I took pictures of everybody's hands,

我替每個人的手拍照，

because I think you can often tell a lot about somebody

因為我認為通常從手的外觀，可以看出

from how their hands look. I took a portrait of everybody,

許多關於那個人的事情，我爲所有人拍獨照，

and asked everybody to make a funny face.

然後叫每個人做鬼臉。

A 17-year-old student. Her wish was to have been born a boy.

這是一位17歲的學生，她的願望是希望自己是男生。

She thinks that women have a pretty tough go of things in Bhutan,

她認為不丹女人的人生很坎坷，

and it's a lot easier if you're a boy.

而當男生一切就會輕鬆得多。

A 28-year-old cell phone shop owner.

28歲手機店老闆，

If you knew what Paro looked like, you'd understand

如果你知道百羅(不丹西部）是怎樣的地方，

how amazing it is that there's a cell phone shop there.

你就會了解有家手機店是多麼不可思議，

He wanted to help poor people.

他想要幫助貧窮的人。

A 53-year-old farmer. She was chaffing wheat,

這是53歲的農夫，她正在打麥，

and that pile of wheat behind her

她花了一個星期

had taken her about a week to make.

才完成背後那堆麥子。

She wanted to keep farming until she dies.

她想要一直農耕直到老死，

You can really start to see the stories told by the hands here.

你可以看到她雙手所訴說的故事，

She was wearing this silver ring that had the word "love" engraved on it,

她戴著一只刻有「愛」的銀戒指，

and she'd found it in the road somewhere.

那是她在路邊撿到的。

A 16-year-old quarry worker.

16歲的採礦工人。

This guy was breaking rocks with a hammer in the hot sunlight,

他正在烈日下用鐵鎚敲碎石頭，

but he just wanted to spend his life as a farmer.

但是他希望此生能當農夫。

A 21-year-old monk. He was very happy.

21歲的僧侶，他非常的快樂。

He wanted to live a long life at the monastery.

他想在僧院裡活得很長壽，

He had this amazing series of hairs growing out of a mole on the left side of his face,

他臉上左邊的痣會長出奇異的毛髮，

which I'm told is very good luck.

他告訴我那代表好福氣，

He was kind of too shy to make a funny face.

他害羞到不敢做鬼臉。

A 16-year-old student.

16歲的學生，

She wanted to become an independent woman.

她想成為獨立自主的女性，

I asked her about that, and she said she meant

我問她什麼意思，她說她的意思是，

that she doesn't want to be married,

不想結婚，

because, in her opinion, when you get married in Bhutan as a woman,

因為她認為在不丹女人一結婚，

your chances to live an independent life kind of end,

就失去獨立生活的機會，

and so she had no interest in that.

所以她不想結婚。

A 24-year-old truck driver.

24歲的卡車司機。

There are these terrifyingly huge Indian trucks

那種嚇人的巨大印度卡車，

that come careening around one-lane roads with two-lane traffic,

搖晃行駛在單線卻雙向行車的山路上，

with 3,000-foot drop-offs right next to the road,

旁邊就是3000英尺的斷崖，

and he was driving one of these trucks.

他開的就是這種大卡車。

But all he wanted was to just live a comfortable life, like other people.

但他想要的是跟別人一樣過舒適的日子。

A 24-year-old road sweeper. I caught her on her lunch break.

24歲的道路清掃夫，我利用她的午餐時間做訪問。

She'd built a little fire to keep warm, right next to the road.

她在路邊生起火堆取暖 ，

Her wish was to marry someone with a car.

她的願望是跟一個有車子的人結婚，

She wanted a change in her life.

她想要人生有所改變，

She lives in a little worker's camp right next to the road,

她住在路邊小工人營地裡，

and she wanted a different lot on things.

她希望生活有極大的改變。

An 81-year-old itinerant farmer.

81歲的流浪農夫，

I saw this guy on the side of the road,

我在路邊看到他。

and he actually doesn't have a home.

他其實沒有家，

He travels from farm to farm each day trying to find work,

每天他從一個農場到另一個農場找工作，

and then he tries to sleep at whatever farm he gets work at.

然後睡在他工作的農場上。

So his wish was to come with me, so that he had somewhere to live.

所以他的願望是跟著我，好讓自己有地方住。

He had this amazing knife that he pulled out of his gho

他的幗裡有一把很奇特的刀子 ，

and started brandishing when I asked him to make a funny face.

當我請他做鬼臉時他拿起刀子揮舞 ，

It was all good-natured.

完全沒有惡意。

A 10-year-old.

10歲的小男孩，

He wanted to join a school and learn to read,

他想要上學識字，

but his parents didn't have enough money to send him to school.

但是他的父母並沒有足夠的錢送他上學。

He was eating this orange, sugary candy

他正在吃橘色的糖果，

that he kept dipping his fingers into,

不停用手指沾著吃，

and since there was so much saliva on his hands,

所以他手上有許多口水，

this orange paste started to form on his palms.

掌心也開始染上橘色。

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

A 37-year-old road worker.

37歲的修路工人，

One of the more touchy political subjects in Bhutan

不丹較敏感的政治議題之一，

is the use of Indian cheap labor

就是雇用印度的廉價勞工。

that they import from India to build the roads,

從印度引進來修建道路，

and then they send these people home once the roads are built.

完工之後再遣送工人回印度。

So these guys were in a worker's gang

這些人所屬的勞工隊，

mixing up asphalt one morning on the side of the highway.

就在早上的公路旁攪拌柏油 ，

His wish was to make some money and open a store.

他的願望是賺一些錢開店。

A 75-year-old farmer. She was selling oranges on the side of the road.

75歲的農夫，她正在路旁賣橘子，

I asked her about her wish, and she said,

我問她的願望是什麼，她說，

"You know, maybe I'll live, maybe I'll die, but I don't have a wish."

"也許我將活著，也許我將死去，但是我沒有願望"

She was chewing betel nut, which caused her teeth

她正在嚼檳榔，多年下來讓她的牙齒

over the years to turn very red.

變得很紅。

Finally, this is a 26-year-old nun I spoke to.

最後這是一位26歲的尼姑，

Her wish was to make a pilgrimage to Tibet.

她的願望是到西藏朝聖。

I asked her how long she planned to live in the nunnery and she said,

我問她打算在尼姑院待多久，她說

"Well, you know, of course, it's impermanent,

"當然不是永久的，

but my plan is to live here until I'm 30, and then enter a hermitage."

我的計畫是待到30歲，然後隱居去"

And I said, "You mean, like a cave?" And she said, "Yeah, like a cave."

我又問："妳的意思是指山洞嗎?"她說："對，山洞"

And I said, "Wow, and how long will you live in the cave?"

然後我又問："哇!那妳要在山洞裡住多久呢?"

And she said, "Well, you know,

她說："我想

I think I'd kind of like to live my whole life in the cave."

我會想要一輩子都住在山洞裡"

I just thought that was amazing. I mean, she spoke in a way --

我真的覺得那很不可思議，因為她用

with amazing English, and amazing humor, and amazing laughter --

流利的英文，帶著驚奇的幽默和笑聲。

that made her seem like somebody I could have bumped into

讓我覺得她就像我會在

on the streets of New York, or in Vermont, where I'm from.

紐約或故鄉維蒙特州，路上會碰到的某人一樣

But here she had been living in a nunnery for the last seven years.

但過去七年，她都一直住在尼姑院裡，

I asked her a little bit more about the cave

我又問了她更多關於山洞的事情，

and what she planned would happen once she went there, you know.

一旦她到了那裡，什麼是她計畫看到的，

What if she saw the truth after just one year,

如果一年之後她就領悟了真理，

what would she do for the next 35 years in her life?

那接下來35年的人生呢？

And this is what she said.

而她給了我這樣的回答，

Woman: I think I'm going to stay for 35. Maybe -- maybe I'll die.

她說："我想我會待到35歲，也許，也許我會死"

Jonathan Harris: Maybe you'll die? Woman: Yes.

Jonathan Harris說："妳也許會死?"。女人說："對"

JH: 10 years? Woman: Yes, yes. JH: 10 years, that's a long time.

Jonathan Harris說："十年嗎?"。女人說："對"。Jonathan Harris說："十年是很長的時間"。

Woman: Yes, not maybe one, 10 years, maybe I can die

女人說："也許一年、十年，也許我一年內

within one year, or something like that.

就死了或什麼的"

JH: Are you hoping to?

Jonathan Harris說："妳希望這樣嗎?"。

Woman: Ah, because you know, it's impermanent.

女人說："因為你知道生命是無常的"。

JH: Yeah, but -- yeah, OK. Do you hope --

Jonathan Harris說："是沒錯，但是妳比較想要

would you prefer to live in the cave for 40 years,

在山洞裡住40年，

or to live for one year?

還是1年呢？"。

Woman: But I prefer for maybe 40 to 50.

女人說："我比較想要住上40至50年"。

JH: 40 to 50? Yeah.

Jonathan Harris說："40至50年？"

Woman: Yes. From then, I'm going to the heaven.

女人說："對，然後之後我就要去天堂"。

JH: Well, I wish you the best of luck with it.

Jonathan Harris說："我祝福妳一切順利"。

Woman: Thank you.

女人說："謝謝你"。

JH: I hope it's everything that you hope it will be.

Jonathan Harris說："我希望一切就如同妳所盼望的。

So thank you again, so much.

再次非常感謝妳"。

Woman: You're most welcome.

女人說："你太過客氣了"。

JH: So if you caught that, she said she hoped to die

Jonathan Harris說：如果你聽得懂這段對話，她說希望自己

when she was around 40. That was enough life for her.

可以在40歲時死去，這樣對她就足夠了。

So, the last thing we did, very quickly,

最後快速地說一下我們最後做的事，

is I took all those wish balloons -- there were 117 interviews,

我拿起所有的願望氣球--總共有117個訪問，

117 wishes -- and I brought them up to a place called Dochula,

117個願望--拿到一個叫都楚拉的地方，

which is a mountain pass in Bhutan, at 10,300 feet,

位於不丹海拔10300英尺高的山隘，

one of the more sacred places in Bhutan.

是不丹較神聖的地方之一。

And up there, there are thousands of prayer flags

在那山上有成千上萬，

that people have spread out over the years.

許多年來人們插下的祈禱旗。

And we re-inflated all of the balloons, put them up on a string,

我們再次把願望氣球充足了氣，綁在一條繩子上，

and hung them up there among the prayer flags.

然後綁在祈禱旗之間。

And they're actually still flying up there today.

直到今天都還在那山上飛揚著 ，

So if any of you have any Bhutan travel plans in the near future,

所以如果有人計畫近期到不丹去旅行，

you can go check these out. Here are some images from that.

不妨去參觀一下，這是一些氣球的照片。

We said a Buddhist prayer so that all these wishes could come true.

我們唸了佛教的祝禱詞，祈求這些願望都可以成真。

You can start to see some familiar balloons here.

你可以看到一些熟悉的氣球。

"To make some money and to open a store" was the Indian road worker.

希望賺錢開店的是那個印度修路工人。

Thanks very much.

謝謝大家！

(Applause)

(掌聲)