Garth Lenz: The true cost of oil

Translator: Morton Bast Reviewer: Thu-Huong Ha

譯者: Geoff Chen 審譯者: Marssi Draw

The world's largest and most devastating environmental and industrial project

世界上最具規模和毀滅性的

環境與工業工程計劃

is situated in the heart of the largest and most intact forest in the world,

正坐落於世上最大

保護最完整的森林中心，

Canada's boreal forest.

加拿大的北方針葉林。

It stretches right across Northern Canada, in Labrador,

它橫跨加拿大北方地區， 在拉布拉多省（Labrador），

it's home to the largest remaining wild caribou herd in the world:

是世界上現存最大的野生馴鹿群

喬治河馴鹿群的家園，

the George River caribou herd,

numbering approximately 400,000 animals.

總計大約有四十萬隻馴鹿。

Unfortunately, when I was there, I couldn't find one of them,

遺憾的是，當我在那兒時，一隻都看不到，

但你們看，有鹿角為證。

but you have the antlers as proof.

All across the boreal,

整片針葉林裡，我們擁有

we're blessed with this incredible abundance of wetlands.

極為豐富的濕地資源。

Wetlands, globally, are one of the most endangered ecosystems.

濕地是地球上 最瀕危的生態系統之一，

它們毫無疑問是關鍵的生態系統，

They're absolutely critical ecosystems,

它們清潔空氣，淨化水源，

they clean air, they clean water,

they sequester large amounts of greenhouse gases,

它們吸收大量的溫室氣體，

and they're home to a huge diversity of species.

它們也是擁有大片生物多樣性的家園。

In the boreal, they are also the home

在針葉林裡頭，濕地也是近一半北美洲的

where almost 50 percent of the 800 bird species found in North America

八百種鳥類動物的家，

這些鳥類爲了繁殖，向北美大陸 的北邊遷徙，餵養幼鳥。

migrate north to breed and raise their young.

在安大略省（Ontario），針葉林向南延伸

In Ontario, the boreal marches down south to the north shore of Lake Superior.

直到蘇比利爾湖（Lake Superior）的北岸，

這些極其美麗的針葉林

And these incredibly beautiful boreal forests

were the inspiration for some of the most famous art in Canadian history,

是加拿大歷史上很多著名藝術

的創作靈感發源地，這片風景

the Group of Seven were very inspired by this landscape,

就曾深深鼓舞了七人畫派（ Group of Seven）。

and so the boreal is not just a really key part of our natural heritage,

所以針葉林不單單是

我們自然遺產重要的一部份，

but also an important part of our cultural heritage.

它也是我們文化遺產的關鍵之一。

In Manitoba, this is an image from the east side of Lake Winnipeg,

這是一張在馬尼托巴省（Manitoba） 溫尼伯湖（Lake Winnipeg）東邊的照片，

and this is the home of the newly designated UNESCO Cultural Heritage site.

這也是聯合國教科文組織最新指定的

文化遺址所在地。

在薩斯喀徹溫省（Saskatchewan），與針葉林裡一樣，

In Saskatchewan, as across all of the boreal,

是若干我們最熟知的河流發源地，

home to some of our most famous rivers,

這是一個絕佳的、交織了河流和湖泊的網絡，

an incredible network of rivers and lakes that every school-age child learns about,

也是每一個學齡兒童所熟知的

和平河、阿薩巴斯卡河、邱吉爾河與馬更些河，

the Peace, the Athabasca, the Churchill here, the Mackenzie,

這些網絡是過去歷史中

and these networks were the historical routes

for the voyageur and the coureur de bois,

船夫和樵夫的必經之路。

它們是第一個北加拿大非原住民探險家，

the first non-aboriginal explorers of Northern Canada

that, taking from the First Nations people,

在原住民的幫助之下，

用獨木舟划槳發現的 一個交易通道，

used canoes and paddled to explore

for a trade route, a Northwest Passage for the fur trade.

這是一個皮毛交易的西北通道。

In the North, the boreal is bordered by the tundra,

在北邊，針葉林與苔原接壤，

and just below that, in Yukon,

在它下面一點，在育空地區（Yukon），

we have this incredible valley, the Tombstone Valley.

我們有如此令人屏息的山谷， 墓碑谷（Tombstone Valle）。

墓碑谷是豪豬馴鹿（Porcupine caribou）群的居住地。

And the Tombstone Valley is home to the Porcupine caribou herd.

Now you've probably heard about the Porcupine caribou herd

現在，你可能聽說過豪豬馴鹿群，

in the context of its breeding ground in Arctic National Wildlife Refuge.

將北極國家野生動物保護區

做為繁殖的地方。

Well, the wintering ground is also critical

嗯，越冬地也是很關鍵的，

它也沒有受到保護，

and it also is not protected,

很有可能會被用來

and is potentially, could be potentially, exploited for gas and mineral rights.

開發天然氣和礦物。

The western border of the boreal in British Columbia

在不列顛哥倫比亞省（British Columbia）的西部邊界，

以其海岸山脈最為著名，

is marked by the Coast Mountains,

and on the other side of those mountains

而在那些山脈的另外一邊

is the greatest remaining temperate rainforest in the world,

是世上最大溫帶雨林，

大熊雨林，

the Great Bear Rainforest,

這個部分我們等會兒會詳細討論。

and we'll discuss that in a few minutes in a bit more detail.

在整片針葉林裡，

All across the boreal,

it's home for a huge incredible range of indigenous peoples,

住著許許多多的原住民，

蘊含多種不同的豐富文化。

and a rich and varied culture.

And I think that one of the reasons

我認為

許多族群還保留著其與過去的聯繫

why so many of these groups have retained a link to the past,

know their native languages,

了解他們的母語、

the songs, the dances, the traditions,

歌曲、舞蹈、和傳統的原因是，

在我看來，有部份是因為這裡地處偏遠，

I think part of that reason is because of the remoteness,

以及幅員廣大

the span and the wilderness

of this almost 95 percent intact ecosystem.

近 95% 保持完好的生態系統。

我覺得，特別是現在，

And I think particularly now,

as we see ourselves in a time of environmental crisis,

我們已知身處環境危機中，

we can learn so much from these people

我們能從在這個生態系統中

who have lived so sustainably in this ecosystem

居住了上萬年之久的

居民身上學到很多。

for over 10,000 years.

在這個生態系統的正中心 你可以看到

In the heart of this ecosystem is the very antithesis

of all of these values that we've been talking about,

和我們所談的價植觀對立的畫面。

而我認為這些價值

and I think these are some of the core values

正是讓我們加拿大人 引以為傲的核心價值。

that make us proud to be Canadians.

This is the Alberta tar sands,

這是亞伯達省（Alberta）焦油沙，

the largest oil reserves on the planet outside of Saudi Arabia.

它是在沙烏地阿拉伯外

世上最大的石油資源。

Trapped underneath the boreal forest and wetlands of northern Alberta

被困鎖在針葉林

和北亞伯達省的濕地之下的是

are these vast reserves of this sticky, tar-like bitumen.

這一大片又黏、焦油狀的瀝青，

And the mining and the exploitation of that

對它的開採、開發

is creating devastation on a scale that the planet has never seen before.

將造成這個星球從未見過的大規模毀害。

I want to try to convey some sort of a sense of the size of this.

我試著說明這個破壞的規模，

If you look at that truck there,

如果你看看在那兒的卡車，

it is the largest truck of its kind on the planet.

它是世上這類卡車中最大的，

It is a 400-ton-capacity dump truck

這是可以受重四百噸的自卸車，

它的尺寸有 45 英尺長，

and its dimensions are 45 feet long by 35 feet wide and 25 feet high.

35 英尺寬，25 英尺高，

如果我站在那輛卡車旁邊，

If I stand beside that truck,

my head comes to around the bottom of the yellow part of that hubcap.

我的頭大概只到

黃色輪轂罩底部的位置。

Within the dimensions of that truck,

以那個卡車的尺寸，

you could build a 3,000-square-foot two-story home quite easily.

你可以輕易地蓋一棟兩層 總面積三千平方英尺的房子，

I did the math.

我計算過了。

So instead of thinking of that as a truck, think of that as a 3,000-square-foot home.

所以與其把它想成是一輛卡車，

不如把它看作是一棟 三千平方英尺的房子，

That's not a bad size home.

這個房子可不小，

And line those trucks / homes back and forth

把那些卡車或房子來來回回地

排成排，從最下面開始

across there from the bottom all the way to the top.

一路排到最上面，

And then think of how large that very small section of one mine is.

然後設想一下這礦井裡的 一小部份是涵蓋了多大的面積。

Now, you can apply that same kind of thinking here as well.

現在，你也可以把同樣的思維方式

套用在這上面。

Now, here you see -- of course, as you go further on,

這裡，你可以看到——當然，你越向遠處看，

這些卡車就越像一個個像素。

these trucks become like a pixel.

再一次，假設那些卡車在那兒來來去去。

Again, imagine those all back and forth there.

How large is that one portion of a mine?

這個礦井的一部份會有多大？

That would be a huge, vast metropolitan area,

那會是一個巨大的、廣闊的大都市地區，

可能比維多利亞市（Victoria）還要大很多，

probably much larger than the city of Victoria.

And this is just one of a number of mines,

而這只是許多礦井中的一個。

10 mines so far right now.

迄今為止，這裡有十個礦井，

This is one section of one mining complex,

這是一個礦井的一部份，

另外還有四十或五十個礦井 正等著批准動工。

and there are about another 40 or 50 in the approval process.

No tar sands mine has actually ever been denied approval,

事實上，焦油砂礦的開採計劃 從來沒有被拒絕批准過，

so it is essentially a rubber stamp.

所以基本上這個審批過程 只是做做樣子而已。

另一種採礦方法稱為原位法，

The other method of extraction is what's called the in situ.

And here, massive amounts of water

在這裡，大量的水被高溫加熱，

are superheated and pumped through the ground,

經由這些管線、震測線、鑽取路線和壓縮站

through these vasts networks of pipelines,

所組成的廣大網絡

seismic lines, drill paths, compressor stations.

從地底下抽取出來，

And even though this looks maybe not quite as repugnant as the mines,

雖然這看起來不像礦坑那麼令人厭惡，

但在某些方面，它更具有破壞性。

it's even more damaging in some ways.

It impacts and fragments a larger part of the wilderness,

它不但衝擊、拆碎這片荒野，

使林地馴鹿和灰熊 這些關鍵物種

where there is 90 percent reduction of key species,

like woodland caribou and grizzly bears,

少了九成，

and it consumes even more energy, more water,

而且，這會消耗更多能源，更多水資源，

and produces at least as much greenhouse gas.

同時製造許多的溫室氣體。

所以原位法的開發方式

So these in situ developments are at least as ecologically damaging as the mines.

和礦井一樣，都會破壞生態。

The oil produced from either method

無論是由這兩種方法中 哪一種所生產出來的石油

都會比其它的油 排放更多的溫室氣體，

produces more greenhouse gas emissions than any other oil.

This is one of the reasons why it's called the world's dirtiest oil.

這就是為什麼

石油會被叫作世上 最髒的油的原因之一，

It's also one of the reasons

這也是爲什麽

why it is the largest and fastest-growing single source of carbon in Canada,

石油是加拿大 最大也增長最快的碳排放來源

的原因之一。

這也是為什麼加拿大的

and it is also a reason why Canada is now number three

人均碳排放量排名世界第三的原因。

in terms of producing carbon per person.

The tailings ponds are the largest toxic impoundments on the planet.

殘渣池是地球上最大的有毒蓄水池，

油沙，又稱瀝青砂，

Oil sands -- or rather, I should say tar sands --

oil sands is a PR-created term

「油砂」一詞為波多黎各所創的詞，

這可以讓石油公司不用試著去推銷

so that the oil companies wouldn't be trying to promote something

像瀝青一樣黏稠的東西，

that sounds like a sticky tar-like substance that's the world's dirtiest oil.

那是世界上最髒的油，

So they decided to call it oil sands.

所以他們決定稱之為油砂。

焦油沙的生產過程比其他油還要耗水。

The tar sands consume more water than any other oil process,

three to five barrels of water are taken, polluted

這個過程要耗三到五桶的水，

被汙染過後的水再流回殘渣池，

and then returned into tailings ponds,

the largest toxic impoundments on the planet.

也就是地球上最大的有毒蓄水池。

SemCrude 是其中一家領有許可證的公司，

SemCrude, just one of the licensees, in just one of their tailings ponds,

單單一個殘渣池

每天就倒入二十五萬噸的有毒物質，

dumps 250,000 tons of this toxic gunk every single day.

That's creating the largest toxic impoundments in the history of the planet.

就這樣產生了史上

最大的有毒蓄水池，

So far, this is enough toxin to cover the face of Lake Erie a foot deep.

到目前為止，它的毒素

足以覆蓋伊利湖（Lake Eerie）表面一英尺深，

And the tailings ponds range in size up to 9,000 acres.

而且這些殘渣池的面積高達九千英畝之大，

That's two-thirds the size of the entire island of Manhattan.

這相當於三分之二個曼哈頓島，

That's like from Wall Street at the southern edge of Manhattan

就像是從曼哈頓南端的華爾街

up to maybe 120th Street.

到 120 街的大約距離。

So this is one of the larger tailings ponds.

所以這絕對是——

這是其中一個較大的殘渣池，

This might be, what? I don't know, half the size of Manhattan.

這也許是半個曼哈頓島大吧，我也不太清楚，

你可以在前面的內容中看到

And you can see in the context,

it's just a relatively small section of one of 10 mining complexes

這僅是十個礦井中的

冰山一角而已，

and another 40 to 50 on stream to be approved soon.

還有其他四五十個即將投入生產。

可以肯定的是，這些殘渣池——

And of course, these tailings ponds --

well, you can't see many ponds from outer space

嗯，你是無法從外太空看到有多少池子，

and you can see these, so maybe we should stop calling them ponds --

但是你可以看得到這些池子， 也許我們不該再稱它們池子了——

這些廣大且錯綜的有毒濕地 未經防護阻隔，

these massive toxic wastelands are built

unlined and on the banks of the Athabasca River.

遍布於阿薩巴斯卡河邊，

And the Athabasca River drains downstream to a range of aboriginal communities.

而阿薩巴斯卡河水流向下游

流到原住民居住的社區。

In Fort Chipewyan, the 800 people there, are finding toxins in the food chain,

在奇標揚堡（Fort Chippewa）那兒有八百人

在食物鏈裡發現毒素，

this has been scientifically proven.

這已經獲得科學證實了。

The tar sands toxins are in the food chain,

焦油沙的毒素已經進入食物鏈，

and this is causing cancer rates up to 10 times

這會讓他們比其他加拿大人

擁有高出十倍的罹患癌症的比率。

what they are in the rest of Canada.

In spite of that, people have to live, have to eat this food in order to survive.

即便如此，人們還是必須生活，

必須吃這些食物維生。

高成本的空運食物

The incredibly high price of flying food

運到偏遠的原住民社區，

into these remote Northern aboriginal communities

and the high rate of unemployment

和高失業率

makes this an absolute necessity for survival.

使得這些有毒的食物 成為必要的生存所需。

And not that many years ago, I was lent a boat by a First Nations man,

幾年前，一位原住民男子借我一艘船

and he said, "When you go out on the river,

他說：「划船出去時，

不管在任何情況下，都不要吃魚

do not under any circumstances eat the fish.

It's carcinogenic."

這魚含有致癌物質。」

And yet, on the front porch of that man's cabin,

然而，在那男子住處的門廊，

I saw four fish.

我看到四條魚，他必須養活一家。

He had to feed his family to survive.

身為父親的我，無法想像這情形 對你心靈會造成什麼影響，

And as a parent, I just can't imagine what that does to your soul.

And that's what we're doing.

這就是我們幹的好事。

The boreal forest is also perhaps our best defense

針葉林或許也是

我們對抗全球暖化以及氣候變遷的最佳防禦。

against global warming and climate change.

比起其他的陸地生態系統，

The boreal forest sequesters more carbon than any other terrestrial ecosystem.

針葉林還能吸附更多碳，

And this is absolutely key.

因此針葉林非常重要。

So what we're doing is,

所以我們所做的是

we're taking the most concentrated greenhouse gas sink --

讓最集中的溫室氣體降低

針葉林每英畝所吸收的溫室氣體

twice as much greenhouse gases are sequestered

in the boreal per acre than the tropical rainforests.

是熱帶雨林的兩倍。

而我們現在所做的是

And what we're doing is we're destroying

this carbon sink, turning it into a carbon bomb.

破壞碳匯，讓碳匯變成碳炸彈。

And we're replacing that with the largest industrial project

我們把它變成

世界史上最大的工業工程，

in the history of the world,

這工程正在製造最多碳排放

which is producing the most high-carbon greenhouse-gas emitting oil in the world.

以及最多溫室氣體的油。

And we're doing this on the second largest oil reserves on the planet.

而我們在世上第二大的

儲油地做這事。

This is one of the reasons why Canada, originally a climate change hero --

這就是加拿大這個原本的氣候英雄

會變成現在這樣的原因——

we were one of the first signatories of the Kyoto Accord.

我們是第一個簽署京都議定書的國家之一，

Now we're the country that has full-time lobbyists

但現在我們在歐盟和美國

in the European Union and Washington DC,

有專職的說客，

threatening trade wars

我們以貿易戰威脅它們，

when these countries talk about wanting to bring in positive legislation

在它們想立法限制

to limit the import of high-carbon fuels,

那些會排放

溫室氣體的高碳燃料進口之際。

of greenhouse gas emissions, anything like this,

at international conferences, whether they're in Copenhagen or Cancun,

在國際會議裡，

不管是哥本哈根或是坎昆的

international conferences on climate change,

國際氣候變遷會議，

we're the country that gets the dinosaur award every single day,

我們都得到恐龍獎，

成為每天促使這個議題

as being the biggest obstacle to progress on this issue.

進展的最大阻礙

Just 70 miles downstream

就在下游七十英里，

is the world's largest freshwater delta, the Peace-Athabasca Delta,

有世上最大的淡水三角洲，

阿薩巴斯卡河三角洲，

the only one at the juncture of all four migratory flyways.

它是唯一一個地處四個 候鳥遷徙路徑交會的三角洲

This is a globally significant wetland, perhaps the greatest on the planet.

這是地球上極為重要的濕地，

也許是這星球上最大的濕地。

Incredible habitat for half the bird species

它是一個絕妙的棲息地，

you find in North America, migrating here.

北美二分之一的鳥類會遷移到這裡。

And also the last refuge for the largest herd of wild bison,

這也是最大野生野牛群最後的避難所，

and also, of course, critical habitat for another whole range of other species.

此外，當然，這裡也是其他許多物種的重要棲息地。

But it too is being threatened

但是，它也受到從阿薩巴斯卡河

by the massive amount of water being drawn from the Athabasca,

大量流水的威脅，

which feeds these wetlands,

這些水滋養這片濕地，

and also the incredible toxic burden

而這些水，同時也是地球上

of the largest toxic unlined impoundments on the planet,

最大量且曝露劇毒在外的污染水源，

which are leaching in to the food chain for all the species downstream.

它滲透到所有下游的物種

的食物鏈中。

So as bad as all that is, things are going to get much worse -- much, much worse.

壞的是，事情變得更糟、更糟了。

壞的是，事情變得更糟、更糟了。

This is the infrastructure as we see it about now.

我們現在看到的是基礎設施。

這基礎設施是為了 2015 年所計劃的，

This is what's planned for 2015.

你可以在這裡看到拱心石石油管道，

And you can see here the Keystone Pipeline,

這管道把焦油沙帶到墨西哥灣沿岸，

which would take tar sands raw down to the Gulf Coast,

構建一條管道穿過

punching a pipeline through the agricultural heart of North America,

北美洲與美國的農業中心，

of the United States,

並且確保由美國來消費

and securing the contract with the dirtiest fuel in the world

世界上最骯髒的燃料。

by consumption of the United States,

and promoting a huge disincentive

此舉大大地阻礙了美國未來

擁有永續、潔淨的能源。

to a sustainable clean-energy future for America.

在這裡，你看到通往 麥肯齊谷（Mackenzie Valle）的路。

Here you see the route down the Mackenzie valley.

This would put a pipeline to take natural gas from the Beaufort Sea

這裡會放置一個天然氣管道

從波弗特海（Beaufort Sea）通過

through the heart of the third largest watershed basin in the world,

世上第三大流域的盆地中心，

這是唯一一個仍然 保持了 95% 完好的流域。

and the only one which is 95 percent intact.

And building a pipeline with an industrial highway

建造一個有工業用公路的管線

would change forever this incredible wilderness,

將永遠改變這美麗的曠野，

這片曠野是地球上真正的珍稀之地。

which is a true rarity on the planet today.

So the Great Bear Rainforest is just over the hill there,

大熊雨林就在小山那兒

只須幾英里

within a few miles, we go from these dry boreal forests

我們就可以從這些樹幹也許有 10 英寸寬的

of 100-year-old trees, maybe 10 inches across,

百歲寒溫帶林木群

很快地來到沿海的溫帶雨林，

and soon, we're in the coastal temperate rainforest,

rain-drenched, 1,000-year-old trees,

被雨水澆灌了上千年的樹木，

樹幹有 20 英尺寬，這是 一個完全不同的生態系統。

20 feet across, a completely different ecosystem.

And the Great Bear Rainforest is generally considered to be

一般來說，大熊雨林被認為是

世上最大的

the largest coastal temperate rainforest ecosystem in the world.

沿海溫帶雨林生態系統，

一個擁有最大密度

Some of the greatest densities

of some of the most iconic and threatened species on the planet.

星球上最具指標性、 瀕危物種的森林，

And yet there's a proposal, of course, to build a pipeline

然而，卻有一項要修建管道的提案。

to take huge tankers, 10 times the size of the Exxon Valdez,

要讓巨型油輪，比埃克森．伐耳迪茲 還大十倍的巨型油輪，

through some of the most difficult-to-navigate waters in the world,

通過一個 世上最難航行的水域之一，

where only just a few years ago, a BC ferry ran aground.

在那兒，僅僅在幾年前，

一艘卑詩渡輪擱淺在那。

當其中一艘油砂油輪

When one of these tar sands tankers,

容量有埃克森．伐耳迪茲的十倍大 載著最骯髒的油，

carrying the dirtiest oil, 10 times as much as the Exxon Valdez,

eventually hits a rock and goes down,

萬一撞到岩石、下沉，

we're going to have one of the worst ecological disasters

我們將會面臨這個星球上

最嚴重的生態災難之一。

this planet has ever seen.

And here we have the plan out to 2030.

這裡我們有了到 2030 年的計畫。

What they're proposing is an almost four-times increase in production,

他們的提議是增加 近乎四倍的生產，

and that would industrialize an area the size of Florida.

而那將工業化這個 有佛羅里達州大小的地區，

In doing so, we'll be removing a large part of our greatest carbon sink

爲了這樣做，我們將移除

我們最大碳匯當中的很大一部分

and replacing it with the most high greenhouse-gas emission oil in the future.

把它替換為在未來

最高溫室氣體排放的油產。

The world does not need any more tar mines.

這個世界不需要任何更多的焦油礦，

The world does not need any more pipelines

這個世界不需要任何更多的管道

to wed our addiction to fossil fuels.

來滿足我們對化石燃料的癮頭。

And the world certainly does not need

這個世界也當然不需要

the largest toxic impoundments to grow and multiply

最大的有毒蓄水池， 這池子將會生長、繁殖、

and further threaten the downstream communities.

並進一步威脅到下游的社區。

讓我們面對它，我們都生活在全球暖化

And let's face it, we all live downstream

和氣候變遷時代的下游地區。

in an era of global warming and climate change.

我們所需要的是一起採取行動

What we need, is we all need to act

to ensure that Canada respects the massive amounts of freshwater

以確保加拿大尊重

國家所擁有的

that we hold in this country.

大量淡水資源

We need to ensure that these wetlands and forests

我們需要確保這些濕地和森林

that are our best and greatest and most critical defense

在我們面對全球暖化時

是我們最好、最大和最關鍵的防禦堡壘，

against global warming are protected,

而且我們也不會在大氣放碳炸彈。

and we are not releasing that carbon bomb into the atmosphere.

And we need to all gather together and say no to the tar sands.

我們必須讓所有人聚集在一起

對焦油沙說不。

And we can do that.

我們做得到，有一個存在於世界各地

there is a huge network all over the world,

的巨大網絡正與之相抗， 以讓這個專案停下來，

fighting to stop this project.

我就是認為

And I quite simply think

that this is not something that should be decided just in Canada.

這不應該只是個在加拿大裡頭 所決定的事。

Everyone in this room, everyone across Canada,

每個在這房間裡的人、 每個在加拿大的人、

每個聽這演說的人都可以發揮作用

everyone listening to this presentation

has a role to play and, I think, a responsibility.

並且盡一份責任。

Because what we do here is going to change our history,

因為我們在這裡所做的事

將改變我們的歷史，

it's going to color our possibility to survive,

它會增豔我們生存的可能性，

and for our children to survive and have a rich future.

並讓我們的孩子增加存活的機會，

並且擁有一個豐富的未來。

We have an incredible gift in the boreal,

我們在北方有一份絕佳的禮物，

an incredible opportunity to preserve our best defense against global warming,

一個難得的機會

可以預防、抵抗全球暖化，

but we could let that slip away.

但我們可能讓那機會溜走。

The tar sands could threaten not just a large section of the boreal.

焦油沙可能不僅威脅著

北方一大片領土，

It compromises the life and the health

它也危及了一些

of some of our most underprivileged and vulnerable people,

最貧困、最脆弱人們 的生命和健康，

那些是能夠教導我們許多的 原住民朋友。

the aboriginal communities that have so much to teach us.

它可以摧毀阿薩巴斯卡三角洲，

It could destroy the Athabasca Delta,

the largest and possibly greatest freshwater delta in the planet.

可能是地球上最大的淡水三角洲。

It could destroy the Great Bear Rainforest,

它可以摧毀大熊雨林，

the largest temperate rainforest in the world.

世上最大的溫帶雨林。

And it could have huge impacts

它可能對未來北美地區

on the future of the agricultural heartland of North America.

農業中心影響甚巨。

I hope that you will all, if you've been moved by this presentation,

如果你對這個演說感觸良多的話

我希望你們 加入這個日益增長的國際社群

join with the growing international community

要求加拿大履行其職責，

to get Canada to step up to its responsibilities,

to convince Canada to go back to being a climate change champion

說服加拿大回到過去那 抵禦氣候變遷的冠軍角色，

而不是成為氣候變遷的惡棍，

instead of a climate change villain,

and to say no to the tar sands,

同時，對油砂說不，

and yes to a clean energy future for all.

並且支持所有未來的清潔能源。

Thank you so much.

謝謝！

(Applause)

（掌聲）