Who would the rest of the world vote for in your country's election? | Simon Anholt

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: 品妤 劉

Well, as many of you know,

很多人都知道，

the results of the recent election were as follows:

最近的選舉結果如下：

Hillary Clinton, the Democratic candidate

民主黨候選人，希拉蕊柯林頓

won a landslide victory

獲得壓倒性的勝利，

with 52 percent of the overall vote.

得票率為 52%。

Jill Stein, the Green candidate,

綠黨候選人，吉爾斯泰因

came a distant second, with 19 percent.

以 19% 得票率極大差距， 居於第二名。

Donald J. Trump, the Republic candidate,

共和黨候選人，唐納德川普

was hot on her heels with 14 percent,

以 14% 的得票率緊跟在後。

and the remainder of the vote were shared between abstainers

剩下的選票，部份是廢票，

and Gary Johnson, the Libertarian candidate.

部份投給自由意志黨 候選人蓋瑞強森。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Now, what parallel universe do you suppose I live in?

各位認為我是住在哪個平行宇宙？

Well, I don't live in a parallel universe.

我並沒有住在平行宇宙裡。

I live in the world, and that is how the world voted.

我住在世界裡，而世界 投票的結果就是那樣。

So let me take you back and explain what I mean by that.

讓我先帶各位回來， 並解釋一下我的意思。

In June this year,

今年六月，

I launched something called the Global Vote.

我建立了一個網站叫「全球投票」。

And the Global Vote does exactly what it says on the tin.

全球投票的用途就如其名。

For the first time in history,

歷史上第一次，

it lets anybody, anywhere in the world,

它讓世界各地的任何人，

vote in the elections of other people's countries.

參與其它國家的選舉投票。

Now, why would you do that?

為什麼我要這麼做？

What's the point?

用意是什麼？

Well, let me show you what it looks like.

讓我給大家看看它是什麼樣子的。

You go to a website,

你上這個網站，

rather a beautiful website,

很絢麗的網站，

and then you select an election.

然後你可以選擇一個選舉。

Here's a bunch that we've already covered.

這幫選舉是我們已經納入的。

We do about one a month, or thereabouts.

我們差不多一個月會納入一次。

So you can see Bulgaria, the United States of America,

所以你可以看到保加利亞、美國、

Secretary-General of the United Nations,

聯合國秘書長、

the Brexit referendum at the end there.

最後還有英國脫歐的公民投票。

You select the election that you're interested in,

你選擇你感興趣的選舉，

and you pick the candidates.

選一個候選人。

These are the candidates from the recent presidential election

這些是近期在 聖多美普林西比的一個小島國

in the tiny island nation of São Tomé and Príncipe,

所舉辦的總統選舉的候選人，

199,000 inhabitants,

島上有 199,000 個居民，

off the coast of West Africa.

位於西非的海岸。

And then you can look at the brief summary of each of those candidates

你可以看到每位候選人的簡介，

which I dearly hope is very neutral,

我們盡可能讓簡介做到中立、

very informative and very succinct.

提供有用訊息、且簡明清楚。

And when you've found the one you like, you vote.

當你找到你喜歡的候選人就投票。

These were the candidates

這些是近期

in the recent Icelandic presidential election,

冰島總統選舉的候選人。

and that's the way it goes.

就是像這樣運作的。

So why on earth would you want to vote in another country's election?

我們到底為什麼要為 其他國家的選舉投票呢？

Well, the reason that you wouldn't want to do it,

我向你保證，你絕不會是為了

let me reassure you,

想要干涉

is in order to interfere in the democratic processes of another country.

其他國家的民主進程而投票。

That's not the purpose at all.

這完全不是網站的目的。

In fact, you can't,

事實上，你也辦不到，

because usually what I do is I release the results

因為通常我的做法 是在該國的選民已經投完票後，

after the electorate in each individual country has already voted,

才顯示出網站的投票結果，

so there's no way that we could interfere in that process.

因此我們不可能干擾投票進程。

But more importantly,

但是，更重要的是，

I'm not particularly interested

我對其他國家的

in the domestic issues of individual countries.

內政並不是特別感興趣。

That's not what we're voting on.

我們並非為此投票。

So what Donald J. Trump or Hillary Clinton proposed to do for the Americans

唐納德川普或是希拉蕊柯林頓 對美國人民的承諾，

is frankly none of our business.

坦白說，不關我們的事。

That's something that only the Americans can vote on.

這是只有美國人民才有資格 投票決定的事情。

No, in the global vote, you're only considering one aspect of it,

在全球投票中， 你只會考量它的一個面向，

which is what are those leaders going to do for the rest of us?

就是，那些領導人會 怎麼對我們這些非選民。

And that's so very important because we live,

這是非常重要的，因為我們住在…

as no doubt you're sick of hearing people tell you,

你一定已經聽膩了大家這麼說…

in a globalized, hyperconnected, massively interdependent world

我們住在一個全球化、 超連接、極度相互依存的世界，

where the political decisions of people in other countries

其他國家的人民做出的政治決定，

can and will have an impact on our lives

能夠且必將影響我們的生活，

no matter who we are, no matter where we live.

不論我們是誰，不論我們住在哪。

Like the wings of the butterfly

正如同蝴蝶僅僅是在

beating on one side of the Pacific

太平洋的一岸拍動翅膀，

that can apparently create a hurricane on the other side,

便可以在另一岸造成颶風，

so it is with the world that we live in today

這便是我們現今居住的世界，

and the world of politics.

也是政治的世界。

There is no longer a dividing line between domestic and international affairs.

國內與國際事務間的界線不復存在。

Any country, no matter how small,

任何國家，不管它有多麼小，

even if it's São Tomé and Príncipe,

就算是聖美羅和普林西比，

could produce the next Nelson Mandela

也有可能培育出 下一個納爾遜曼德拉，

or the next Stalin.

或是下一個史達林。

They could pollute the atmosphere and the oceans, which belong to all of us,

他們可能污染大家 共有的大氣和海洋，

or they could be responsible and they could help all of us.

他們也可能能負責任， 幫助我們所有人。

And yet, the system is so strange

可是，投票體制相當奇怪，

because the system hasn't caught up with this globalized reality.

這體制沒有跟上全球化的現實。

Only a small number of people are allowed to vote for those leaders,

只有少數人被允許 投票選出那些領導人，

even though their impact is gigantic

選舉結果的影響卻非常巨大，

and almost universal.

幾乎會影響全球。

What number was it?

這數字是多少？

140 million Americans voted

一億四千萬的美國人投票

for the next president of the United States,

選舉出了下一屆美國總統，

and yet, as all of us knows, in a few weeks time,

然而，如我們所知道的， 在短短幾周內，

somebody is going to hand over the nuclear launch codes

將會有人把核武密碼交給

to Donald J. Trump.

唐納德川普。

Now, if that isn't having a potential impact on all of us,

如果連這都不算是 對所有人有潛在影響，

I don't know what is.

那我真不知道什麼才算。

Similarly, the election for the referendum on the Brexit vote,

同樣的，英國退歐的公投選舉，

a small number of millions of British people voted on that,

僅有少部份人， 數百萬的英國人，參與投票，

but the outcome of the vote, whichever way it went,

而這投票的結果，不論是退或不退，

would have had a significant impact

都必然顯著影響到

on the lives of tens, hundreds of millions of people around the world.

世界各地幾十億人的生活。

And yet, only a tiny number could vote.

然而，僅一小部分的人可以投票。

What kind of democracy is that?

這是什麼樣的民主？

Huge decisions that affect all of us

影響所有人的重大決定，

being decided by relatively very small numbers of people.

取決於相對少數的人。

And I don't know about you,

我不知道你怎麼想，

but I don't think that sounds very democratic.

但我不覺得這聽起來很民主。

So I'm trying to clear it up.

所以我試著想做點什麼。

But as I say,

但，如我所說的，

we don't ask about domestic questions.

我們不討論國家內政問題。

In fact, I only ever ask two questions of all of the candidates.

事實上，我只問 所有候選人兩個問題，

I send them the same two questions every single time.

我每次問他們兩個相同的問題。

I say, one,

我說，第一，

if you get elected, what are you going to do for the rest of us,

如果當選，你會為我們其他人做什麼，

for the remainder of the seven billion who live on this planet?

為這星球上沒投票權的 其他七十億人做什麼？

Second question:

第二個問題，

What is your vision for your country's future in the world?

你對你的國家在這個世界上的 未來有什麼遠景？

What role do you see it playing?

你期望它會扮演什麼角色？

Every candidate, I send them those questions.

我發送相同的問題給每個候選人。

They don't all answer. Don't get me wrong.

不是所有人都會回答。 別誤會我的意思。

I reckon if you're standing

我想，如果你在準備

to become the next president of the United States,

成為下一屆美國總統，

you're probably pretty tied up most of the time,

你大部份的時間應該會非常忙，

so I'm not altogether surprised that they don't all answer, but many do.

所以有人不回答也不意外， 但許多人確實回答了。

More every time.

回答的人一次比一次多。

And some of them do much more than answer.

其中有些人不僅回答了，

Some of them answer in the most enthusiastic and most exciting way

有些人用你所能想像的

最熱情、最鼓舞人心的方式來回答。

you could imagine.

I just want to say a word here for Saviour Chishimba,

在此我想為薩维爾奇辛巴說句話，

who was one of the candidates

他是尚比亞最近

in the recent Zambian presidential election.

總統選舉的候選人之一。

His answers to those two questions were basically an 18-page dissertation

他對那兩個問題的回答， 基本上可說是 18 頁的論文，

on his view of Zambia's potential role in the world

提出他對於尚比亞在世界上 以及國際社會中，

and in the international community.

可能扮演的角色的看法。

I posted it on the website so anybody could read it.

我把它刊在網站上 讓大家都能看到。

Now, Saviour won the global vote,

薩维爾贏了全球投票，

but he didn't win the Zambian election.

但他沒有贏尚比亞的選舉。

So I found myself wondering,

我發現我自己開始思考，

what am I going to do with this extraordinary group of people?

對於這群不凡的人，我能做什麼？

I've got some wonderful people here who won the global vote.

這裡有些很棒的人， 他們贏了全球投票。

順便一提，我們常有個誤解。

We always get it wrong, by the way.

The one that we elect

我們選的人，

is never the person who's elected by the domestic electorate.

從來就不是國內選民選出的人。

That may be partly because we always seem to go for the woman.

有部份原因可能是因為 我們總是會投女性。

But I think it may also be a sign

但我認為它也是個徵兆，

that the domestic electorate is still thinking very nationally.

就是，國內選民的思考 還侷限在他們的國家。

They're still thinking very inwardly.

他們仍然向內思考。

They're still asking themselves: What's in it for me? ...

他們仍然在問自己： 我可以得到什麼好處？

instead of what they should be asking today,

而沒去問他們現今該問的問題，

which is, what's in it for we?

即：我們可以得到什麼好處？

But there you go.

但，你們知道的。

So suggestions, please, not right now,

所以，請給我建議，但不是現在，

but send me an email if you've got an idea

針對我們能為這出色的 光榮輸家團隊做什麼，

about what we can do with this amazing team of glorious losers.

若有任何點子，email 給我。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

We've got Saviour Chishimba, who I mentioned before.

我們有我剛提到的薩维爾奇辛巴。

We've got Halla Tómasdóttir,

我們有海拉托馬斯多特，

who was the runner up in the Icelandic presidential election.

她是冰島總統大選的第二名。

Many of you may have seen her amazing talk at TEDWomen

可能有很多人幾週前有看到 她在 TEDWomen

just a few weeks ago

的出色演說，

where she spoke about the need for more women to get into politics.

演說中她談及需要 更多女性參與政治。

We've got Maria das Neves from São Tomé and Príncipe.

我們有聖多美普林西比的 瑪利亞達斯內維斯。

We've got Hillary Clinton.

我們有希拉蕊柯林頓。

I don't know if she's available.

我不知道她是否有空。

We've got Jill Stein.

我們有吉爾斯泰因。

And we covered also the election

我們也納入了下一任

for the next Secretary-General of the United Nations.

聯合國秘書長的選舉。

We've got the ex-prime minister of New Zealand,

我們有紐西蘭的前總理，

who would be a wonderful member of the team.

他會是這團隊很棒的成員。

So I think maybe those people,

所以我認為，也許這些人，

the glorious loser's club, could travel around the world

這光榮輸家俱樂部，

能夠前往世界各地有選舉的地方，

wherever there's an election

提醒人們，在我們現在的這個時代，

and remind people of the necessity in our modern age

of thinking a little bit outwards

有必要要多向外思考，

and thinking of the international consequences.

想想國際上的後果。

So what comes next for the global vote?

所以，全球投票的下一步是什麼？

Well, obviously,

the Donald and Hillary show is a bit of a difficult one to follow,

很明顯，

川普對希拉蕊的這齣劇， 要追劇有點困難，

but there are some other really important elections coming up.

但接著還有些其他 很重要的選舉即將到來，

In fact, they seem to be multiplying.

事實上，它們似乎在 以倍數增加中。

There's something going on, I'm sure you've noticed, in the world.

我相信你們有注意到， 世界上有某些事正在發生。

And the next row of elections are all critically important.

下一波的選舉都有 關鍵級的重要性。

In just a few day's time

再幾天之後，

we've got the rerun of the Austrian presidential election,

我們會有澳地利總統重新選舉，

with the prospect of Norbert Hofer

預計諾伯特霍費爾

becoming what is commonly described

會成為一般所謂的

as the first far-right head of state in Europe since the Second World War.

二次大戰後歐洲第一個 極右派國家領袖。

Next year we've got Germany,

明年有德國，

we've got France,

還有法國，

we've got presidential elections in Iran

還有伊朗的總統大選，

and a dozen others.

以及一堆其他的。

It doesn't get less important.

這並不會越來越不重要。

It gets more and more important.

這會越來越重要。

Clearly, the global vote is not a stand-alone project.

很明顯，全球投票並不是 獨立的專案計畫。

It's not just there on its own.

它並不是靠自己存在的，

It has some background.

它有一些背景。

It's part of a project which I launched back in 2014,

它是我在 2014 年進行的 專案計畫的一部份，

which I call the Good Country.

那個專案計畫叫「好國家」。

The idea of the Good Country is basically very simple.

好國家的想法基本上很簡單，

It's my simple diagnosis of what's wrong with the world

它是我對於這個世界 出了什麼問題的簡單診斷，

and how we can fix it.

以及要如何處理。

What's wrong with the world I've already hinted at.

這個世界出了什麼問題， 我已經提示過。

Basically, we face an enormous and growing number

基本上，我們在面對 大量且持續增加的

of gigantic, existential global challenges:

關於生存的巨大全球性挑戰：

climate change, human rights abuses,

氣候變遷、人權濫用、

mass migration, terrorism, economic chaos, weapons proliferation.

大量移民、恐怖主義、 經濟混亂、武器激增。

All of these problems which threaten to wipe us out

這些問題通通都帶來 要把我們消滅的威脅，

are by their very nature globalized problems.

而它們在本質上都是全球化問題。

No individual country has the capability of tackling them on its own.

沒有個別國家有能力可以 靠自己處理這些問題。

And so very obviously

所以，非常明顯，

we have to cooperate and we have to collaborate as nations

如果我們想要解決 這些問題，我們得合作，

if we're going to solve these problems.

國家之間要同心協力。

It's so obvious, and yet we don't.

這很顯而易見，我們卻沒這樣做。

We don't do it nearly often enough.

我們這麼做的頻率還不夠。

Most of the time, countries still persist in behaving

大部份的時候， 國家的行為仍然停留在

as if they were warring, selfish tribes battling against each other,

戰時的行為、自私的部落 互相殘殺的行為，

much as they have done since the nation-state was invented

在數百年前， 民族國家被發明之後，

hundreds of years ago.

它們就一直在如此做。

And this has got to change.

這必須要改變。

This is not a change in political systems or a change in ideology.

這並不是政治制度 或意識形態的改變，

This is a change in culture.

而是文化的改變。

We, all of us, have to understand

我們所有人都得了解，

that thinking inwards is not the solution to the world's problems.

向內思考無法解決世界的問題。

We have to learn how to cooperate and collaborate a great deal more

我們必須學習如何合作、更多合作，

and compete just a tiny bit less.

稍微少一點點的競爭。

Otherwise things are going to carry on getting bad

否則，一切會繼續惡化，

and they're going to get much worse, much sooner than we anticipate.

且會比我們預期更早， 就變得更糟很多。

This change will only happen

只有一個方法能實現這改變，

if we ordinary people

就是我們一般人

tell our politicians that things have changed.

告訴我們的政治家必須要改變。

We have to tell them that the culture has changed.

我們得要告訴他們， 文化必須要改變。

We have to tell them that they've got a new mandate.

我們得要告訴他們， 他們有新的使命。

The old mandate was very simple and very single:

舊的使命非常簡單且單一：

if you're in a position of power or authority,

如果你在有影響力或權力的位置，

you're responsible for your own people and your own tiny slice of territory,

你對你自己的人民及你自己的 那一小塊領土就有責任，

就這樣。

and that's it.

為了要為你自己的 人民做最好的事，

And if in order to do the best thing for your own people,

you screw over everybody else on the planet, that's even better.

你害到地球上的 所有其他人，這樣更好。

那還被認為是男子氣概。

That's considered to be a bit macho.

Today, I think everybody in a position of power and responsibility

現今，我認為那些身在 有權力和責任的位置的人

has got a dual mandate,

有雙重的使命，

which says if you're in a position of power and responsibility,

如果你身在有權力和責任的位置，

you're responsible for your own people

你要負責的除了你的人民，

and for every single man, woman, child and animal on the planet.

還有，地球上的所有 男人、女人、孩子、和動物。

You're responsible for your own slice of territory

你要負責的除了你的那片領土，

and for every single square mile of the earth's surface

還有，地球表面上的每一吋土地，

and the atmosphere above it.

以及上面的大氣。

And if you don't like that responsibility, you should not be in power.

如果你不喜歡那責任， 你就不該掌權。

That for me is the rule of the modern age,

對我而言，那就是現代的規則，

and that's the message that we've got to get across to our politicians,

那是我們得要傳遞給 我們的政治家的訊息，

and show them that that's the way things are done these days.

讓他們看到現今 事情是要這樣子做的。

Otherwise, we're all screwed.

否則，我們都完蛋了。

I don't have a problem, actually,

其實，我不反對

with Donald Trump's credo of "America first."

川普的「美國優先」信條。

It seems to me that that's a pretty banal statement

對我來說，那是很一般的說法，

of what politicians have always done and probably should always do.

陳述了什麼是政治家一直在做的， 且應該繼續做的。

Of course they're elected to represent the interests of their own people.

當然，他們被選出來是要 代表他們人民的利益，

But what I find so boring and so old-fashioned

但讓我覺得他對此的看法 很無趣且老套、

and so unimaginative about his take on that

很沒想像力的原因

is that America first means everyone else last,

是他覺得把美國擺第一 就是把其他人都擺最後，

that making America great again means making everybody else small again,

讓美國再次壯大意味 讓其他人再次渺小，

and it's just not true.

而事實並不是這樣的。

In my job as a policy advisor over the last 20 years or so,

過去二十年左右， 我的工作是政治顧問，

I've seen so many hundreds of examples of policies

我見過數以百計的政策例子，

that harmonize the international and the domestic needs,

能夠讓國際與國內需求和諧共存，

and they make better policy.

它們都是比較好的政策。

I'm not asking nations to be altruistic or self-sacrificing.

我並不是在請求國家 要利他或自我犧牲，

That would be ridiculous.

那很荒謬，

No nation would ever do that.

沒有國家會那樣做。

I'm asking them to wake up and understand that we need a new form of governance,

我是在請求它們清醒過來， 了解到我們需要新的治理形式，

which is possible

這是有可能的，

and which harmonizes those two needs,

且能讓兩種需求和諧共存，

those good for our own people and those good for everybody else.

對我們自己的人民有利， 也對所有其他人有利。

Since the US election and since Brexit

自從美國大選以及英國脫歐，

it's become more and more obvious to me

我越來越清楚一件事，

that those old distinctions of left wing and right wing

左翼和右翼的老式區別，

no longer make sense.

已不再合理了。

They really don't fit the pattern.

它們真的不符合這模式。

What does seem to matter today

看起來，現今真正重要的事，

is very simple,

其實很簡單，

whether your view of the world is

不論你看世界的觀點是

that you take comfort from looking inwards and backwards,

你從向內看、向後看來得到安慰，

or whether, like me, you find hope in looking forwards and outwards.

或是像我這樣，你向前看、 向外看來找到希望。

That's the new politics.

那就是新政治。

That's the new division that is splitting the world right down the middle.

那是將世界從中間分兩半的 新派別區分法。

Now, that may sound judgmental, but it's not meant to be.

那可能聽起來有點批判， 但本意非如此。

I don't at all misunderstand

我完全沒有誤會

why so many people find their comfort in looking inwards and backwards.

為什麼這麼多人向內看、 向後看來得到安慰。

When times are difficult, when you're short of money,

但時代很艱難時、當你缺錢時、

when you're feeling insecure and vulnerable,

當你覺得不安全且脆弱時，

it's almost a natural human tendency to turn inwards,

人類很自然的傾向就是會轉向內，

to think of your own needs

只去想自己的需求，

and to discard everybody else's,

不顧所有其他人的需求，

and perhaps to start to imagine that the past was somehow better

可能會開始想像

在某些面向上 過去比現在或未來更好。

than the present or the future could ever be.

But I happen to believe that that's a dead end.

但我剛好相信，這是條死路。

History shows us that it's a dead end.

歷史告訴我們這是條死路。

When people turn inwards and turn backwards,

當人們轉向內、轉向後，

human progress becomes reversed

人類進步就會被反轉，

and things get worse for everybody very quickly indeed.

一切都會惡化得很快， 無人能倖免。

If you're like me

如果你像我，

and you believe in forwards and outwards,

你相信向前、向外，

and you believe that the best thing about humanity is its diversity,

你相信人性最棒的一點 就是它的多元性，

and the best thing about globalization

全球化最棒的一點

is the way that it stirs up that diversity, that cultural mixture

就是它能激起那樣的 多樣性、文化混合，

to make something more creative, more exciting, more productive

產生比人類歷史過往更有創意、

更讓人興奮、更有生產力的事物，

than there's ever been before in human history,

then, my friends, we've got a job on our hands,

那麼，朋友們， 我們手上有份工作要做，

because the inwards and backwards brigade

因為那些向內、向後的人們

are uniting as never before,

空前地團結在一起，

and that creed of inwards and backwards,

而那向內、向後的信念，

that fear, that anxiety,

那恐懼、那焦慮，

playing on the simplest instincts,

影響著最簡單的直覺，

is sweeping across the world.

且正在席捲全世界。

Those of us who believe,

跟我一樣

as I believe, in forwards and outwards,

相信向前、向外的人，

we have to get ourselves organized,

我們得將自己組織起來，

because time is running out very, very quickly.

因為就快沒時間了。

Thank you.

謝謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）