John Maeda: How art, technology and design inform creative leaders

180,090 views ・ 2012-10-09

TED


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00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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譯者: Juliana So 審譯者: Joan Liu
00:15
I have to say that I'm very glad to be here.
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我必須說我很高興站在這裡。
00:17
I understand we have over 80 countries here,
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我知道這裡有來自多於80個國家的朋友,
00:21
so that's a whole new paradigm for me to speak
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這對我而言是個新體驗,
00:23
to all of these countries.
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我是說跟這麼多國家對話。
00:24
In each country, I'm sure you have this thing called
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在你們的國家,你們也一定聽過
00:26
the parent-teacher conference.
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家長教師會議這東西。
00:28
Do you know about the parent-teacher conference?
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你知道家長會嗎?
00:30
Not the ones for your kids, but the one you had as a child,
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不是你為了你子女出席的家長會,而是你小時候那種,
00:33
where your parents come to school and your teacher
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你爸媽到學校和你的老師見面的家長會。
00:36
talks to your parents, and it's a little bit awkward.
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老師會和你的父母說話,氣氛通常有點奇怪的。
00:38
Well, I remember in third grade, I had this moment
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我記得在我三年級的時候,
00:41
where my father, who never takes off from work,
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我永遠無法放下工作的爸爸﹣﹣
00:44
he's a classical blue collar, a working-class immigrant person,
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他是個典型的藍領工人、移民,
00:48
going to school to see his son, how he's doing,
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特地到學校去看看他的兒子(我)在學校的表現怎麼樣。
00:51
and the teacher said to him, he said, "You know,
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然後我的老師跟他說:「你知道的,
00:54
John is good at math and art."
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John的數學和美術科成績很好。」
00:56
And he kind of nodded, you know?
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他還點頭了呢。
00:58
The next day I saw him talking to a customer at our
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但是第二天當我看到他在我們的豆腐店和一位客人說話時,
01:01
tofu store, and he said, "You know, John's good at math."
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他說:「嗯,John的數學不錯。」
01:04
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
01:08
And that always stuck with me all my life.
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我一直沒有忘記這件事。
01:10
Why didn't Dad say art? Why wasn't it okay?
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為什麼爸不提美術呢?美術不好嗎?
01:13
Why? It became a question my entire life, and
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這個「為什麼」一直留在我腦海裡。
01:16
that's all right, because being good at math meant
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不過這也沒關係,因為「我數學很好」
01:19
he bought me a computer, and some of you remember
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他買了一台電腦給我。你們其中部分人也許還記得
01:23
this computer, this was my first computer.
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那種很久以前的電腦,那是我的第一台電腦。
01:25
Who had an Apple II? Apple II users, very cool. (Applause)
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有人曾經擁有過一台蘋果2號電腦嗎?蘋果2號用家很酷喔。(掌聲)
01:29
As you remember, the Apple II did nothing at all. (Laughter)
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你也許還記得,蘋果2號其實沒多少功能。
01:32
You'd plug it in, you'd type in it and green text would come out.
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你可以插上電源,打字,然後一堆綠色的字會在屏幕上出現。
01:34
It would say you're wrong most of the time.
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它通常會說「你錯了」。
01:36
That was the computer we knew.
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那就是我們以前認識的電腦。
01:37
That computer is a computer that I learned about
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那是我上學時研究的電腦
01:40
going to MIT, my father's dream. And at MIT, however,
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我上的是麻省理工學院,那是我爸的夢想。但是在學校,
01:45
I learned about the computer at all levels,
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我學到了各式各樣的電腦相關知識,
01:48
and after, I went to art school to get away from computers,
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之後卻為了逃離電腦跑去讀美術學校。
01:52
and I began to think about the computer as more of
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然後我開始想,其實電腦這玩意兒
01:54
a spiritual space of thinking.
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為我們提供了一個思考的空間。
01:56
And I was influenced by performance art --
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而且因為我受到表演藝術的影響﹣﹣
01:59
so this is 20 years ago. I made a computer out of people.
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請記得這是二十年前的事了﹣﹣我用「人」造了一部「電腦」。
02:03
It was called the Human Powered Computer Experiment.
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這個作品就叫做「人力電腦實驗」。
02:06
I have a power manager, mouse driver, memory, etc.,
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這包括了一個電源管理、滑鼠驅動程式、記憶體等等。
02:10
and I built this in Kyoto, the old capital of Japan.
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我是在日本的古都﹣﹣京都做這個實驗的。
02:14
It's a room broken in two halves.
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我把一個房間切割為兩部分。
02:16
I've turned the computer on,
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我會啟動這台「電腦」,
02:18
and these assistants are placing a giant floppy disk
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而這些助手們正在把一個巨大的磁碟(floppy disk)
02:21
built out of cardboard, and it's put into the computer.
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這個用紙板造的磁碟會被放返「電腦」裡面。
02:24
And the floppy disk drive person wears it. (Laughter)
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而扮演磁碟的人會把它掛在身上。(笑聲)
02:28
She finds the first sector on the disk, and
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她會拿出磁碟的其中一部分,
02:31
takes data off the disk and passes it off to, of course, the bus.
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然後交給,嗯,當然是交給傳送資訊的巴士(bus,電路板上的一條線)。
02:36
So the bus diligently carries the data into the computer
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而巴士會把資料送到電腦
02:40
to the memory, to the CPU, the VRAM, etc.,
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的記憶體,到中央處理器(CPU),再到視頻記憶體(VRAM)等部分。
02:43
and it's an actual working computer. That's a bus, really. (Laughter)
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這真的是一部可以運作的電腦。喔,那也是一部真正的巴士。(笑聲)
02:48
And it looks kind of fast. That's a mouse driver,
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而且這看起來還挺快的。這是滑鼠驅動程式,
02:51
where it's XY. (Laughter)
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就是有X和Y。(笑聲)
02:53
It looks like it's happening kind of quickly, but it's actually
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這看起來運行得很快,但其實
02:54
a very slow computer, and when I realized how slow
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這是一部很慢的電腦,而當我發現以前的電腦
02:57
this computer was compared to how fast a computer is,
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和現在的電腦比到底有多慢的時候,
03:02
it made me wonder about computers and technology in general.
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我開始思考關於電腦和科技的問題。
03:06
And so I'm going to talk today about four things, really.
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而我今天的演講是關於四件事的,只是四件事。
03:08
The first three things are about how I've been curious
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頭三件事物是我一直很有興趣的,
03:12
about technology, design and art, and how they intersect,
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包括科技、設計、藝術,和這三者之間的關係,
03:16
how they overlap, and also a topic that I've taken on
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它們如何重叠,還有最後一個主題:
03:18
since four years ago I became the President
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自從四年前我成為羅德島設計學院院長之後
03:21
of Rhode Island School of Design: leadership.
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一直在想的﹣﹣領導力。
03:24
And I'll talk about how I've looked to combine
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我也會談到我怎樣嘗試把這四個東西結合起來
03:27
these four areas into a kind of a synthesis, a kind of experiment.
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變成一個組織、一個實驗。
03:32
So starting from technology,
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先從科技開始說起,
03:34
technology is a wonderful thing.
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科技真是個美妙的東西。
03:37
When that Apple II came out, it really could do nothing.
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蘋果2號剛面世時,它的功能真的不多。
03:40
It could show text and
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它只能顯示一些文字
03:43
after we waited a bit, we had these things called images.
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改良以後才能顯示圖像。
03:46
Remember when images were first possible with a computer,
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還記不記得當圖像第一次出面在電腦屏幕上﹣﹣
03:49
those gorgeous, full-color images?
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那些彩色的、美麗的圖像?
03:51
And then after a few years, we got CD-quality sound.
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幾年後,我們便有了具CD質素的音效。
03:54
It was incredible. You could listen to sound on the computer.
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這真是奇妙,在電腦上播放聲音呢!
03:57
And then movies, via CD-ROM. It was amazing.
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然後有了燒錄在CD上的電影。真的太神奇了。
04:01
Remember that excitement?
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還記得那種興奮感嗎?
04:03
And then the browser appeared. The browser was great,
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然後我們有了瀏覽器,它真的很棒,
04:06
but the browser was very primitive, very narrow bandwidth.
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但是當時的瀏覽器還是很粗糙的,網速也很慢。
04:09
Text first, then images, we waited,
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文字,再來是圖像,我們等了很久
04:13
CD-quality sound over the Net,
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才等到CD質素的聲音在網上出現,
04:14
then movies over the Internet. Kind of incredible.
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然後才有網上電影。不得不說這還挺厲害的。
04:19
And then the mobile phone occurred,
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之後我們發明了手提電話,
04:22
text, images, audio, video. And now we have iPhone,
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文字、圖像、聲音、影片。現在我們有了iPhone,
04:27
iPad, Android, with text, video, audio, etc.
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iPad, Android,文字短訊、影片甚麼的都有了。
04:32
You see this little pattern here?
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你看到這其中的模式了嗎?
04:34
We're kind of stuck in a loop, perhaps, and this sense
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我們好像被困在一個特定模式裡面了,
04:37
of possibility from computing is something I've been
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也許這就是我為什麼
04:40
questioning for the last 10 or so years,
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在過去十年來一直在疑惑 電腦帶來的可能性到底是甚麼,
04:42
and have looked to design, as we understand most things,
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而我轉向從設計中尋找答案,
04:47
and to understand design with our technology has been a passion of mine.
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而從科技的角度了解設計一向是我的興趣之一。
04:50
And I have a small experiment to give you a quick design lesson.
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我有個小實驗可以讓你體驗一下設計是怎樣的。
04:55
Designers talk about the relationship between form
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設計師說的「形式和內容」、「內容和形式」
04:58
and content, content and form. Now what does that mean?
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之間的關係。這到底代表什麼?
05:01
Well, content is the word up there: fear.
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是這樣的,內容是這個字:恐懼。
05:04
It's a four-letter word. It's a kind of a bad feeling word, fear.
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這個字只有4個字母,它是個不怎麼好的詞,恐懼嘛。
05:09
Fear is set in Light Helvetica, so it's not too stressful,
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當這個詞用上Light Helvetica字型,看起來不會那麼有壓迫感。
05:13
and if you set it in Ultra Light Helvetica,
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如果你用Ultra Light Helvetica,
05:16
it's like, "Oh, fear, who cares?" Right? (Laughter)
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看了之後可能會覺得,「喔,只是惡懼而已啦!」對不對?(笑聲)
05:20
You take the same Ultra Light Helvetica and make it big,
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用同樣的字型但把它放大,
05:23
and like, whoa, that hurts. Fear.
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然後它就變成「哇,恐懼喔,會痛吧」
05:25
So you can see how you change the scale, you change
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這樣你可以看到只要改變字的大小,
05:27
the form. Content is the same, but you feel differently.
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你就可以改變它的形態。內容是一樣的,但感覺完全不一樣了。
05:31
You change the typeface to, like, this typeface,
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你改變字型,譬如把它變成這種字型,
05:33
and it's kind of funny. It's like pirate typeface,
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它看起來就會變得有點好笑。看起來像海盜的字型,
05:36
like Captain Jack Sparrow typeface. Arr! Fear!
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像傑克船長寫的字。「喔喔!恐懼!」
05:39
Like, aww, that's not fearful. That's actually funny.
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好吧,這聽起來一點也不恐怖,反而還有點搞笑。
05:42
Or fear like this, kind of a nightclub typeface. (Laughter)
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也可以用這種像夜店招牌的字型。(笑聲)
05:46
Like, we gotta go to Fear. (Laughter)
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好像在說「來,我們一定要去『恐懼』!」(笑聲)
05:48
It's, like, amazing, right? (Laughter) (Applause)
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也好像說這很酷,對不對?(笑聲)(掌聲)
05:51
It just changes the same content.
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改變字型就改變了相同內容帶出的感覺。
05:54
Or you make it -- The letters are separated apart,
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你也可以改變字之間的距離,
05:56
they're huddled together like on the deck of the Titanic,
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把它們弄成像在泰坦尼克號甲板上抱成一團,
05:58
and you feel sorry for the letters, like, I feel the fear.
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你真的會感覺到那種恐懼。
06:01
You feel for them.
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你真的會被觸動。
06:03
Or you change the typeface to something like this.
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你也可以把字型變成這種。
06:05
It's very classy. It's like that expensive restaurant, Fear.
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這字型很經典。就好像一間高級餐廳「恐懼」。
06:09
I can never get in there. (Laughter)
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我永遠也不會踏足那裡。(笑聲)
06:11
It's just amazing, Fear. But that's form, content.
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這真的很奇妙。恐懼。但這就是形式,內容。
06:17
If you just change one letter in that content,
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如果你只改變其中一個字母,
06:20
you get a much better word, much better content: free.
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你會得到一個很好的詞,比恐懼好很多的內容:自由。
06:24
"Free" is a great word. You can serve it almost any way.
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自由是個很好的詞。你幾乎可以把它用任何方式呈現。
06:28
Free bold feels like Mandela free.
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粗體的「自由」看起來像曼德拉的自由。
06:31
It's like, yes, I can be free.
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好像在說,是的,我可以得到自由。
06:33
Free even light feels kind of like, ah, I can breathe in free.
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而幼體的「自由」就好像在說,喔,我可以自由地呼吸呢。
06:37
It feels great. Or even free spread out,
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這樣感覺很好。如果把字距拉開,
06:39
it's like, ah, I can breathe in free, so easily.
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就變成,啊,我可以這麼輕易地自由呼吸呢。
06:43
And I can add in a blue gradient and a dove,
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如果加上漸變藍和白鴿,
06:46
and I have, like, Don Draper free. (Laughter)
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就會變成Don Draper(廣告狂人)的「自由」。(笑聲)
06:48
So you see that -- form, content, design, it works that way.
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所以你看到了﹣﹣形式、設計,它是這麼運作的。
06:52
It's a powerful thing. It's like magic, almost,
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它是很有力的。幾乎就像魔術一樣,
06:54
like the magicians we've seen at TED. It's magic.
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像我們在TED看到的魔術師一樣神奇。這是魔術。
06:58
Design does that.
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設計可以做到這些事。
07:01
And I've been curious about how design and technology intersect,
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而我很好奇設計和科技是怎樣互相影響的,
07:04
and I'm going to show you some old work I never really
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我會把一些我幾乎不再公開展示的舊作品
07:05
show anymore, to give you a sense of what I used to do.
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給你們看看,讓你了解一下我以前是做甚麼的。
07:09
So -- yeah.
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所以
07:11
So I made a lot of work in the '90s.
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嗯,我在九零年代做了很多作品。
07:14
This was a square that responds to sound.
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這是一個會對聲音作反應的正方形。
07:18
People ask me why I made that. It's not clear. (Laughter)
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其他人會問我為什麼要做這個。我也不是很確定。(笑聲)
07:21
But I thought it'd be neat for the square
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但我覺得正方形這樣給我反應
07:27
to respond to me, and my kids were small then,
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是一件很酷的事,而當時我的孩子還小,
07:32
and my kids would play with these things, like, "Aaah,"
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他們會玩這些東西,「啊呀」
07:35
you know, they would say, "Daddy, aaah, aaah." You know, like that.
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你知道的,他們會說「啊呀,爸爸,啊啊」就像這樣。
07:37
We'd go to a computer store, and they'd do the same thing.
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我們會去電腦用品店,他們會做同樣的事。
07:40
And they'd say, "Daddy, why doesn't the computer respond to sound?"
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他們會問「爸爸,為什麼這個電腦對聲音沒有反應?」
07:43
And it was really at the time I was wondering why doesn't the computer respond to sound?
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那是我第一次認真去想 為甚麼電腦不會對聲音作出反應?
07:47
So I made this as a kind of an experiment at the time.
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所以我做了這樣一個實驗。
07:50
And then I spent a lot of time in the space of
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然後我花了很多時間
07:53
interactive graphics and things like this, and I stopped doing it because
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研究圖像和類似的東西,然後我停止了這麼做
07:56
my students at MIT got so much better than myself,
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因為我在麻省理工學院的學生比我做得好太多了,
07:59
so I had to hang up my mouse.
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所以我要放下我的滑鼠了。
08:00
But in '96, I made my last piece. It was in black and white,
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但在1996年我做了最後一個作品。它是黑白的,
08:04
monochrome, fully monochrome, all in integer mathematics.
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單色的,完全是單色的,只有整數數字。
08:07
It's called "Tap, Type, Write."
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它叫做「按鈕、打字、書寫」(Tap, Type, Write)。
08:09
It's paying a tribute to the wonderful typewriter
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這是向我母親的打字機致敬的作品,
08:12
that my mother used to type on all the time as a legal secretary.
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我母親是位法律文員,她以前總是用它來打法律文件。
08:17
It has 10 variations. (Typing noise)
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它有10種不同形態。(打字聲)
08:19
(Typing noise)
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(打字聲)
08:21
There's a shift.
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這是空白鍵。
08:25
Ten variations. This is, like, spin the letter around.
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10種變化。看,這是把字母翻轉。
08:29
(Typing noises)
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(打字聲)
08:32
This is, like, a ring of letters. (Typing noises)
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這是個字母圈。(打字聲)
08:39
This is 20 years old, so it's kind of a --
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這已經20歲大了,它有點像﹣﹣
08:42
Let's see, this is —
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嗯,看看這個﹣﹣
08:44
I love the French film "The Red Balloon."
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我很喜歡一部法國電影,《紅氣球》
08:46
Great movie, right? I love that movie. So,
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很棒的電影,對嗎?我很愛那部電影。所以
08:48
this is sort of like a play on that. (Typing noises) (Typewriter bell)
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這就像是那裡面的一幕。(打字聲)
08:52
It's peaceful, like that. (Laughter)
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聽起來很平和。像這樣。(笑聲)
08:56
I'll show this last one. This is about balance, you know.
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這會是最後一個。這是關於平衡的。
09:00
It's kind of stressful typing out, so if you
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這樣打出來很有壓力,所以如果你
09:02
type on this keyboard, you can, like, balance it out.
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在這個鍵盤上打字,你可以平衡一下。
09:06
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
09:08
If you hit G, life's okay, so I always say,
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如果你打G,這還過得去,我常常這麼說的,
09:10
"Hit G, and it's going to be all right.
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「打G吧,一切都會沒問題的。」
09:14
Thank you. (Applause)
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謝謝。(掌聲)
09:16
Thank you.
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謝謝。
09:19
So that was 20 years ago, and
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所以這是20年前的事了,
09:22
I was always on the periphery of art.
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而我一直在藝術的邊緣徘徊。
09:27
By being President of RISD I've gone deep into art,
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但在羅德島設計學院當院長讓我對藝術有更深入的認識,
09:29
and art is a wonderful thing, fine art, pure art.
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藝術真是一件美好的東西。純藝術。
09:33
You know, when people say, "I don't get art.
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你知道,當人們說「我不明白藝術,
09:36
I don't get it at all." That means art is working, you know?
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我完全不明白。」你知道嗎?這表示藝術成功了。
09:40
It's like, art is supposed to be enigmatic, so when you say,
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這就好像在說藝術應該是深奧難懂的,所以當你說
09:42
like, "I don't get it," like, oh, that's great. (Laughter)
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「我不明白」的時候,喔,那很好。(笑聲)
09:45
Art does that, because art is about asking questions,
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藝術就是有這樣的功能, 因為藝術是應該提出一些問題的,
09:48
questions that may not be answerable.
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有些問題甚至無人能夠回答。
09:50
At RISD, we have this amazing facility called
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在羅德島設計學院,我們有個很棒的地方
09:52
the Edna Lawrence Nature Lab. It has 80,000 samples
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叫做Edna Lawrenece自然實驗室。裡面有80,000個
09:56
of animal, bone, mineral, plants.
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動物、骨頭、礦物、植物的樣本。
10:00
You know, in Rhode Island, if an animal gets hit on the road,
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你知道的,在羅德島上,如果有動物不小心被車撞到,
10:02
they call us up and we pick it up and stuff it.
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開車的人會打電話給我們, 我們就會去把牠拿回來製成標本。
10:05
And why do we have this facility?
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我們為甚麼要這樣做呢?
10:08
Because at RISD, you have to look at the actual animal,
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因為在我們學院,你要看到實物(真正的動物),
10:11
the object, to understand its volume, to perceive it.
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去了解牠的大小,去觀察牠。
10:14
At RISD, you're not allowed to draw from an image.
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在我們學院你不能只看著照片畫畫。
10:17
And many people ask me, John, couldn't you just
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很多人問我,John,
10:19
digitize all this? Make it all digital? Wouldn't it be better?
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為什麼你不把這些都數碼化呢?那樣不會比較好嗎?
10:23
And I often say, well, there's something good to how things
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而我常常說,嗯,傳統的方法總是有它的好處。
10:26
used to be done. There's something very different about it,
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這是很不一樣的,
10:29
something we should figure out what is good about
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是我們應該去思考該怎麼做的事,
10:32
how we did it, even in this new era.
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即使在這個新世紀也是一樣。
10:35
And I have a good friend, he's a new media artist named
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我有個好朋友,他是一位新媒體藝術家,
10:38
Tota Hasegawa. He's based in London, no, actually it's in Tokyo,
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他叫做長谷川踏太。他一般在倫敦,喔不,在東京工作。
10:41
but when he was based in London, he had a game
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但當他在倫敦的時候,他會和他的妻子玩一個遊戲。
10:43
with his wife. He would go to antique shops,
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他會去古董店,
10:47
and the game was as such:
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這個遊戲是這樣玩的:
10:49
When we look at an antique we want,
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當我們看到一件想要的古董,
10:51
we'll ask the shopkeeper for the story behind the antique,
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我們會問店主它背後的故事,
10:54
and if it's a good story, we'll buy it.
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如果故事是好的,我們會買。
10:56
So they'd go to an antique shop, and they'd look at this cup,
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所以有一次他們去古董店時看到一只杯,
10:58
and they'd say, "Tell us about this cup."
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問店主「可以跟我們說說這只杯嗎?」
11:00
And the shopkeeper would say, "It's old." (Laughter)
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然後店主只回答,「喔,它很老了。」(笑聲)
11:04
"Tell us more." "Oh, it's really old." (Laughter)
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「說多一點吧。」「喔,它真的很老。」(笑聲)
11:07
And he saw, over and over, the antique's value
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然後一次又一次,他看到古董的價值
11:10
was all about it being old.
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似乎就是在於它在多老。
11:13
And as a new media artist, he reflected, and said,
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但是作為一個新媒體藝術家,他反思後說,
11:15
you know, I've spent my whole career making new media art.
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我花了一輩子做新媒體藝術。
11:18
People say, "Wow, your art, what is it?" It's new media.
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人們都說「哇,你的藝術喔,在哪兒?」新媒體就是這樣。
11:22
And he realized, it isn't about old or new.
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然後他了解其實重點不是東西有多老或多新。
11:25
It's about something in between.
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重要是的中間的東西。
11:27
It isn't about "old," the dirt, "new," the cloud. It's about what is good.
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這不是「老」或「泥土」或「新」或「雲端」的問題。 重點是東西好不好。
11:32
A combination of the cloud and the dirt is where the action is at.
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結合雲端和泥土才是行動所在。
11:38
You see it in all interesting art today, in all
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你可以在現代所有有趣的藝術中看到,
11:40
interesting businesses today. How we combine
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在所有有趣的生意中看到。我們如何結合
11:42
those two together to make good is very interesting.
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這兩者來造一些好東西是很有趣的。
11:46
So art makes questions, and
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所以藝術是會問問題的,
11:49
leadership is something that is asking a lot of questions.
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領導力是一種問問題的能力。
11:54
We aren't functioning so easily anymore.
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我們的思考不再像以往一樣簡單了。
11:56
We aren't a simple authoritarian regime anymore.
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我們不再是個簡單的組織。
11:59
As an example of authoritarianism, I was in Russia one time
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說到權威主義這東西,我曾經去過俄羅斯
12:02
traveling in St. Petersburg, at a national monument,
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聖彼德堡,在一個國家紀念碑前
12:04
and I saw this sign that says, "Do Not Walk On The Grass,"
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我看到一個告示牌說「請勿在草地上行走。」
12:08
and I thought, oh, I mean, I speak English,
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我想,嗯,我看得懂英語,
12:09
and you're trying to single me out. That's not fair.
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所以你是在把我劃分開來嗎?這不公平。
12:12
But I found a sign for Russian-speaking people,
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但是我找到一個給俄語人士看的告示,
12:15
and it was the best sign ever to say no.
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這是最適合向之說不的告示。
12:18
It was like, "No swimming, no hiking, no anything."
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它是這麼寫的:「不準游泳,不準登高,不準做任何事。」
12:21
My favorite ones are "no plants." Why would you bring a plant to a national monument? I'm not sure.
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我最喜歡的是「不準攜帶植物」, 誰要帶植物去看紀念碑呢?我真的不清楚。
12:26
And also "no love." (Laughter)
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還有「不準愛」。(笑聲)
12:29
So that is authoritarianism.
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所以這就是權威主義。
12:32
And what is that, structurally?
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如果從結構來看,權威主義是甚麼?
12:34
It's a hierarchy. We all know that a hierarchy is how we run
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它是一個等級制度。我們都知道
12:37
many systems today, but as we know, it's been disrupted.
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這是今天許多組織運作的方式。 但我們同時也知道,這已經和以前的制度不一樣了。
12:40
It is now a network instead of a perfect tree.
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現在樹型組織被網絡所取代。
12:44
It's a heterarchy instead of a hierarchy. And that's kind of awkward.
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現在的組織多是層層相叠而不再階級分明。這有一點奇怪。
12:47
And so today, leaders are faced
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所以今天的領袖都得面對一個問題﹣﹣
12:50
with how to lead differently, I believe.
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如何隨時代改變領袖風格。
12:52
This is work I did with my colleague Becky Bermont
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我是我和一位同事Becky Bermont做的
12:54
on creative leadership. What can we learn
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關於創意領導力的研究。我們可以
12:57
from artists and designers for how to lead?
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從藝術家和設計師身上學到甚麼嗎?
12:59
Because in many senses, a regular leader loves to avoid mistakes.
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因為正常的領袖通常會避免犯錯。
13:03
Someone who's creative actually loves to learn from mistakes.
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但有創意的人卻很喜歡從錯誤中學習。
13:07
A traditional leader is always wanting to be right,
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傳統的領袖常常努力迫使自己把事情做對,
13:10
whereas a creative leader hopes to be right.
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但一個有創意的領袖通常只是希望自己做對而已。
13:15
And this frame is important today, in this complex,
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這樣的思考方式變得愈來愈重要,因為在這個時代,
13:17
ambiguous space, and artists and designers have a lot to teach us, I believe.
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很多事情變得模糊、難以掌控,因此我相信 我們可以向藝術家和設計師學到很多。
13:22
And I had a show in London recently where my friends
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而我最近參加了倫敦的一個展覽,
13:26
invited me to come to London for four days
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我的朋友邀我去在沙盒中坐四天,
13:28
to sit in a sandbox, and I said great.
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我說好啊。
13:30
And so I sat in a sandbox for four days straight,
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所以我在沙盒中坐了整整四天,
13:33
six hours every day, six-minute appointments with anyone in London,
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每天六小時,無數個和倫敦陌生人的六分鐘會面,
13:37
and that was really bad.
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那真的很糟。
13:39
But I would listen to people, hear their issues,
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但是我會聽這些人說話,聽他們的煩惱,
13:42
draw in the sand, try to figure things out,
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在沙上寫字,嘗試幫他們看清問題,
13:44
and it was kind of hard to figure out what I was doing.
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但我卻不太清楚我在做的是甚麼。
13:47
You know? It's all these one-on-one meetings for like four days.
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你知道那是怎樣的感覺嗎? 和陌生人一對一的對談,持續四天。
13:50
And it felt kind of like being president, actually.
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其實感覺有點像變成總統似的。
13:52
I was like, "Oh, this my job. President. I do a lot of meetings, you know?"
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我想「嗯,這是我的工作。總統。我要開很多的會,對吧?」
13:55
And by the end of the experience,
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在這個體驗的結尾,
13:56
I realized why I was doing this.
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我突然理解我在做的是甚麼。
13:59
It's because leaders, what we do is we connect
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因為身為領袖,我們在做的就是把
14:03
improbable connections and hope something will happen,
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看似互不相關的東西連結起來, 然後希望某些事情會發生,
14:08
and in that room I found so many connections
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而在那個空間裡,我找到許多倫敦人之間的連結,
14:09
between people across all of London, and so leadership,
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所以,領導力這東西
14:14
connecting people, is the great question today.
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怎樣把人連結起來,就是今天我們該思考的問題。
14:16
Whether you're in the hierarchy or the heterarchy,
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無論你身處的組織是層層分明 還是較鬆散的網絡形式,
14:19
it's a wonderful design challenge.
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這會是一個美妙的挑戰。
14:21
And one thing I've been doing is doing some research
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而我正在做的一項研究是關於
14:25
on systems that can combine technology and leadership
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能把科技和領導力結合的系統,
14:28
with an art and design perspective.
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而這些系統是帶有藝術及設計元素的。
14:29
Let me show you something I haven't shown anywhere, actually.
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現在來看看一個我從沒公開演示過的東西。
14:34
So what this is, is a kind of a sketch, an application sketch
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這是一個很初步的草圖,
14:36
I wrote in Python. You know how there's Photoshop?
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我用Python(一種程式語言)寫的。 你知道Photoshop是怎樣的嗎?
14:39
This is called Powershop, and the way it works is
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這叫做Powershop,它是一個假想的組織圖。
14:43
imagine an organization. You know, the CEO isn't ever
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在這個組織裡,CEO不是在最上層的。
14:46
at the top. The CEO's at the center of the organization.
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CEO是在組織的中心。
14:48
There may be different subdivisions in the organization,
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組織裡可能有不同的小組,
14:50
and you might want to look into different areas. For instance,
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你也可以看看這些領域有甚麼不同。譬如,
14:53
green are areas doing well, red are areas doing poorly.
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綠色的部分是做得出色的, 紅色的部分需要改善。
14:57
You know, how do you, as the leader, scan, connect,
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而你作為一個領袖,該怎樣觀看全局,連結不同部分,
14:59
make things happen? So for instance, you might open up
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讓事情能夠順利進行?假設你開設一個
15:02
a distribution here and find the different subdivisions in there,
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銷售部門,這衍生了一些更小的部門。
15:05
and know that you know someone in Eco, over here,
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而你知道你認識在Eco工作的人,
15:09
and
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而且
15:11
these people here are in Eco, the people you might
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這些在Eco工作的人,
15:13
engage with as CEO, people going across the hierarchy.
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這些你以CEO身份認識的人, 他們並不屬於分層結構的一員。
15:17
And part of the challenge of the CEO is to find
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而身為CEO的其中一個考驗就是
15:20
connections across areas, and so you might look in R&D,
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找到各個領域的連結,所以你看向研發部門
15:23
and here you see one person who crosses the two areas
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你找到一個涉足這兩個領域的人
15:26
of interest, and it's a person important to engage.
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這就是你該找的人了。
15:30
So you might want to, for instance, get a heads-up display
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你可以看看你和他
15:34
on how you're interacting with them.
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有過怎樣的交流。
15:37
How many coffees do you have?
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你們一起喝過多少次咖啡?
15:38
How often are you calling them, emailing them?
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你通常隔多久給他們打一次電話或發一個電郵?
15:42
What is the tenor of their email? How is it working out?
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他們電郵的主旨是甚麼? 有好好表達他們要說的話嗎?
15:44
Leaders might be able to use these systems to
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領袖可以用這些系統來控制
15:47
better regulate how they work inside the heterarchy.
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他們在組織內的工作和角色。
15:50
You can also imagine using technology like from Luminoso,
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你也可以嘗試用Luminoso科技 (讓電腦了解你在說甚麼的科技)
15:53
the guys from Cambridge who were looking at deep
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這些劍橋學者研究的是深層次的文字分析。
15:56
text analysis. What is the tenor of your communications?
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你通訊的主旨是甚麼?
15:59
So these kind of systems, I believe, are important.
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所以我相信這樣的系統是很重要的。
16:02
They're targeted social media systems around leaders.
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它們是領袖可用的、目標精準的社交媒體。
16:05
And I believe that this kind of perspective will only begin
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而我相信這種視野
16:09
to grow as more leaders enter the space of art and design,
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會隨著領袖了解藝術及設計而變得愈來愈普遍,
16:14
because art and design lets you think like this,
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因為藝術及設計會讓你思考方式變得不一樣,
16:17
find different systems like this,
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找到類似的系統,
16:19
and I've just begun thinking like this,
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而我正開始以這種方式思考,
16:21
so I'm glad to share that with you.
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所以很高興能和你分享。
16:23
So in closing, I want to thank all of you
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在結尾前我想謝謝你們
16:26
for your attention. Thanks very much. (Applause)
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每一位專心聽我的演講。非常感謝。(掌聲)
16:30
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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