A bold plan to empower 1.6 million out-of-school girls in India | Safeena Husain

譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: Melody Tang

The world today has many problems.

現今的世界有許多問題。

And they're all very complicated and interconnected and difficult.

它們非常複雜、有相互關係，

且不好處理。

But there is something we can do.

但仍然有我們能做的。

I believe

我相信，

that girls' education is the closest thing we have to a silver bullet

我們擁有最接近靈丹的 就是女子教育，

to help solve some of the world's most difficult problems.

可以協助解決世界上 一些最棘手的問題。

But you don't have to take my word for it.

但，各位不一定要相信我的話。

The World Bank says

世界銀行說，

that girls' education is one of the best investments

女子教育是一個國家 所能做出的最佳投資之一。

that a country can make.

It helps to positively impact

女子教育能正面影響

nine of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals.

十七個永續發展目標中的九個。

Everything from health, nutrition, employment --

從健康、營養、就業——

all of these are positively impacted when girls are educated.

當女孩們能接受教育， 對所有這些都有正面的影響。

Additionally, climate scientists have recently rated girls' education

此外，根據最近氣候科學家的評分，

逆轉全球暖化的八十項行動中，

at number six out of 80 actions to reverse global warming.

女子教育排名第六。

At number six, it's rated higher than solar panels and electric cars.

第六名，它的名次高於 太陽能板和電動汽車。

And that's because when girls are educated,

原因是，若女孩能接受教育，

they have smaller families,

她們的家庭會比較小，

and the resulting reduction in population

造成人口下降，

reduces carbon emissions significantly.

顯著減少碳排放。

But more than that, you know, it's a problem we have to solve once.

但，不僅如此， 它是我們 遲早得解決的問題。

Because an educated mother is more than twice as likely

因為受過教育的母親，

去教育她孩子的可能性是兩倍以上。

to educate her children.

Which means that by doing it once,

這意味著只要做到女子教育，

we can close the gender and literacy gap forever.

就能夠永遠縮短 姓別和識字的差距。

I work in India,

我在印度工作，

which has made incredible progress

印度已經有很大的進展，

in bringing elementary education for all.

將教育普及到所有人。

However, we still have four million out-of-school girls,

然而，我們仍然有 四百萬名沒有就學的女孩，

one of the highest in the world.

在世界名列前茅。

And girls are out of school because of, obviously poverty,

很顯然，這些女孩沒有 上學的原因是貧困、

social, cultural factors.

社會、文化因素。

But there's also this underlying factor of mindset.

但背後還有一個心態的因素。

I have met a girl whose name was Naraaz Nath.

我認識一個女孩， 叫做娜拉茲 納斯。

Naaraaz means angry.

娜拉茲的意思是憤怒。

And when I asked her, "Why is your name 'angry'?"

我問她：「為什麼 妳被取名為『憤怒』」？

she said, "Because everybody was so angry when a girl was born."

她說：「因為當生出的孩子 是女孩時，大家都很憤怒。」

Another girl called Antim Bala,

另一位女孩，叫做安婷 巴拉，

which means the last girl.

意思是最後一個女孩。

Because everybody hoped that would be the last girl to be born.

因為大家都希望之後 不要再生女孩了。

A girl called Aachuki.

有一位女孩叫艾茱奇，

It means somebody who has arrived.

意思是到來的人。

Not wanted, but arrived.

不是想要的，但就是到來了。

And it is this mindset

就是這種心態

that keeps girls from school or completing their education.

讓女孩無法就學或無法完成學業。

It's this belief that a goat is an asset

他們相信羊是資產，女孩是債務。

and a girl is a liability.

My organization Educate Girls works to change this.

我的組織「教育女子」 致力於改變這一點。

And we work in some of the most difficult, rural,

我們在一些最難處理、鄉下、 偏遠的部落村莊中努力。

remote and tribal villages.

And how do we do it?

我們怎麼做？

We first and foremost find

我們最首要的第一步，

young, passionate, educated youth from the same villages.

是在該村落中找到年輕、 有熱情、受過教育的年輕人。

Both men and women.

男女皆可。

And we call them Team Balika,

我們稱他們為 Balika（小女孩）團隊，

balika just means the girl child,

so this is a team that we are creating for the girl child.

這是我們為了小女孩建立的團隊。

And so once we recruit our community volunteers,

在我們招募到了社區志工之後，

we train them, we mentor them, we hand-hold them.

我們會訓練、指導、一步步帶領他們。

That's when our work starts.

我們的工作就此開始。

And the first piece we do is about identifying every single girl

我們做的第一件事，

是找出每一個沒有上學的女孩。

who's not going to school.

But the way we do it is a little different and high-tech,

但我們的做法有點不同， 且用到高科技，

at least in my view.

至少我是這麼認為。

Each of our frontline staff have a smartphone.

我們的每個前線人員 都有一支智慧手機。

It has its own Educate Girls app.

上面裝有「教育女子」應用程式。

And this app has everything that our team needs.

我們的團隊所需要的一切 都在那應用程式上。

It has digital maps of where they're going to be conducting the survey,

它有數位地圖，引導他們 前往要進行調查的地方，

it has the survey in it, all the questions,

它也有調查功能，內含所有題目，

little guides on how best to conduct the survey,

還有教導理想調查方式的小指引，

so that the data that comes to us is in real time and is of good quality.

這麼一來，我們收到的資料 就會是即時的高品質資料。

So armed with this,

有了這項武器，

our teams and our volunteers go door-to-door

我們的團隊和志工 挨家挨戶去拜訪，

to every single household to find every single girl

進到每個家庭，找到每一個

沒有入學或休學的女孩。

who may either we never enrolled or dropped out of school.

And because we have this data and technology piece,

因為我們有資料也有科技，

very quickly we can figure out who the girls are and where they are.

我們很快就能知道 這些女孩的身分和所在。

Because each of our villages are geotagged,

因為我們的所有村落 都有地理標籤，

and we can actually build that information out

我們可以非常快速取得那些資訊。

very, very quickly.

And so once we know where the girls are,

一旦我們知道那些女孩在哪裡，

we actually start the process of bringing them back into school.

我們就能啟動將她們 帶回學校的流程。

And that actually is just our community mobilization process,

那其實只是我們的社區動員流程，

it starts with village meetings, neighborhood meetings,

從村落會議和鄰里會議開始，

and as you see, individual counseling of parents and families,

還有，各位可以看到的， 針對父母和家庭做個別諮詢，

to be able to bring the girls back into school.

目的是將女孩帶回學校。

And this can take anything from a few weeks to a few months.

要花的時間從幾週 到幾個月都有可能。

And once we bring the girls into the school system,

一旦我們把女孩帶回到學校 體制中，我們也會和學校合作，

we also work with the schools

to make sure that schools have all the basic infrastructure

確保學校有必要的基礎設施，

so that the girls will be able to stay.

讓女孩能夠留在學校中。

And this would include a separate toilet for girls,

上述的基礎設施包括 單獨給女孩使用的廁所、

drinking water,

飲用水、

things that will help them to be retained.

能協助留住她們的東西。

But all of this would be useless if our children weren't learning.

但，如果孩子們不肯學習， 這一切都沒有用了。

So we actually run a learning program.

所以我們也執行一個學習方案。

And this is a supplementary learning program,

這是一個輔助學習方案，

and it's very, very important,

且非常非常重要，

because most of our children are first-generation learners.

因為我們的孩子大部分 都是第一代學習者。

That means there's nobody at home to help them with homework,

意即，在他們家中沒人 能協助他們做功課，

there's nobody who can support their education.

沒有人能支援她們的教育。

Their parents can't read and write.

她們的父母不會讀寫。

So it's really, really key

所以，非常重要的是，

that we do the support of the learning in the classrooms.

我們要在教室中提供學習的支援。

So this is essentially our model,

基本上，這就是我們的模型，

in terms of finding, bringing the girls in,

找到女孩，帶她們過來，

making sure that they're staying and learning.

確保她們會留下並學習。

And we know that our model works.

我們知道我們的模型行得通。

And we know this because

我們之所以知道，

是因為最近有一項隨機控制的評估，

a most recent randomized control evaluation

confirms its efficacy.

確認了它的效益。

Our evaluator found that over a three-year period

我們的評估人員發現， 經過三年期之後，

Educate Girls was able to bring back 92 percent of all out-of-school girls

「教育女子」能協助

92% 未入學的女孩中回到學校。

back into school.

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And in terms of learning,

在學習方面，

our children's learning went up significantly

和控制組學校相比，

我們的孩子在學習上大有進步。

as compared to control schools.

So much so, that it was like an additional year of schooling

進步程度到了就像是一般學生

多了額外一年的學校教育一樣。

for the average student.

And that's enormous,

這是很大的事，想想看，

when you think about a tribal child who's entering the school system

一個部落孩子第一次 進入學校體制。

for the first time.

So here we have a model that works;

所以，我們有一個行得通的模型；

we know it's scalable,

我們知道它還可以擴大，

because we are already functioning at 13,000 villages.

因為我們已經在 一萬三千個村落實施。

We know it's smart,

這是個聰明的模型， 因為有用到資料和科技。

because of the use of data and technology.

We know that it's sustainable and systemic,

我們知道它是永續的、有系統的，

because we work in partnership with the community,

因為我們和社區合作，

it's actually led by the community.

其實是由社區來主導。

And we work in partnership with the government,

我們也和政府合作，

so there's no creation of a parallel delivery system.

所以不會有類似的教育實行系統。

And so because we have this innovative partnership

因為我們和社區、政府

with the community, the government, this smart model,

建立了創新的合作關係

來搭配這個智慧模型，

we have this big, audacious dream today.

現今我們才會有這個無畏的大夢。

And that is to solve a full 40 percent of the problem

這個大夢就是要在接下來五年，

of out-of-school girls in India in the next five years.

將印度女孩未就學的 問題解決掉四成。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

And you're thinking, that's a little ...

你們可能在想，那有點……

You know, how am I even thinking about doing that,

我怎麼會想要去做這件事，

because India is not a small place, it's a huge country.

因為印度不是個小地方， 它是個很大的國家。

It's a country of over a billion people.

它是個人口超過十億的國家。

We have 650,000 villages.

我們有六十五萬個村落。

How is it that I'm standing here,

我怎麼會站在這裡宣稱

saying that one small organization

一個小組織將會解決四成的問題？

is going to solve a full 40 percent of the problem?

And that's because we have a key insight.

那是因為我們有一項關鍵的洞見。

And that is,

那就是，

because of our entire approach, with data and with technology,

因為我們的整個方法中 用了很多資料和科技，

that five percent of villages in India

我們發現，印度 有四成未就學的女孩，

have 40 percent of the out-of-school girls.

集中在 5% 的村落中。

And this is a big, big piece of the puzzle.

這是拼圖中很重要的一塊。

Which means, I don't have to work across the entire country.

也就是說，我不用跑遍全國。

I have to work in those five percent of the villages,

我只要把精力投在那 5% 的村落裡，

about 35,000 villages,

約三萬五千個村落，

to actually be able to solve a large piece of the problem.

就能真的把問題解決掉一大半。

And that's really key,

那就是關鍵，

because these villages

因為這些村落

not only have high burden of out-of-school girls,

不僅有女孩沒就學的沉重負擔，

but also a lot of related indicators, right,

很多其他相關的指標也過高，

like malnutrition, stunting, poverty, infant mortality,

比如營養失調、發育遲緩、

貧困、嬰兒死亡率、

child marriage.

童婚。

So by working and focusing here,

所以，把焦點放在這裡並投入心力，

you can actually create a large multiplier effect

就可以真的在所有這些指標上

across all of these indicators.

得到很大的乘數效應。

And it would mean

意思就是，

that we would be able to bring back 1.6 million girls back into school.

我們將能把一百六十萬名 女孩帶回學校。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

I have to say, I have been doing this for over a decade,

我必須要說，我已經 在此投入了超過十年，

and I have never met a girl who said to me,

至今仍然沒有遇過 有任何一位女孩會對我說：

you know, "I want to stay at home,"

「我想要待在家裡。」

"I want to graze the cattle,"

「我想要牧牛。」

"I want to look after the siblings,"

「我想要照顧兄弟姐妹。」

"I want to be a child bride."

「我想要當童養媳。」

Every single girl I meet wants to go to school.

我遇到的每一位女孩 都想要去上學。

And that's what we really want to do.

那就是我們真正想做的事。

We want to be able to fulfill those 1.6 million dreams.

我們想要實現 那一百六十萬個夢想。

And it doesn't take much.

成本並不高。

To find and enroll a girl with our model is about 20 dollars.

用我們的模型找到一名女孩 並讓她登記入學，要花大約 $20。

To make sure that she is learning and providing a learning program,

確保她有在學習， 並提供一個學習方案，

it's another 40 dollars.

要再花 $40。

But today is the time to do it.

但現在就是行動的時候了。

Because she is truly the biggest asset we have.

因為她是我們最大的資產。

I am Safeena Husain, and I educate girls.

我是莎菲娜胡珊，我教育女孩。

Thank you.

謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）