The stories behind The New Yorker's iconic covers | Françoise Mouly

55,583 views ・ 2017-08-17

TED


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譯者: Lilian Chiu 審譯者: 易帆 余
00:12
So 24 years ago,
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24 年前,
00:14
I was brought to The New Yorker
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我到紐約客雜誌 (The New Yorker)
00:16
as art editor
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擔任藝術編輯,
00:18
to rejuvenate
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去把活力和精神帶給
00:21
what had by then become a somewhat staid institution
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當時已古板不再變化的機構,
00:26
and to bring in new artists
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並帶入新的藝術家,
00:29
and to try to bring the magazine from its ivory tower
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試著把雜誌從它的象牙塔帶出來,
00:33
into engaging with its time.
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讓它與時代結合。
00:36
And it was just the right thing for me to do
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對我來說,那是一件 對的、該做的事,
00:39
because I've always been captivated by how an image can --
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因為我一直都覺得,一張圖像──
00:43
a simple drawing --
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一張簡單的繪畫──
00:45
can cut through the torrent of images that we see every single day.
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如何在我們每日看到的圖像洪流中 開出一條路,是很讓人著迷的。
00:50
How it can capture a moment,
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它如何能夠捕捉到一個時刻,
00:52
how it can crystallize a social trend or a complex event
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它如何能用許多文字 都做不到的方式,
00:58
in a way that a lot of words wouldn't be able to do --
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將社會趨勢或複雜事件 給具體呈現出來──
01:03
and reduce it to its essence and turn it into a cartoon.
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並將之精簡後,再轉為一幅漫畫。
01:07
So I went to the library
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所以,我去了圖書館,
01:09
and I looked at the first cover drawn by Rea Irvin in 1925 --
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我看著這第一張封面, 它是瑞厄文在 1925 年所繪的。
01:15
a dandy looking at a butterfly through his monocle,
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一個時髦男子透過 他的單片眼鏡看著一隻蝴蝶。
01:20
and we call it Eustace Tilley.
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我們稱它為「 尤斯特斯.特利。」
01:23
And I realized that as the magazine had become known
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我了解到,這本雜誌會出名,
01:27
for its in-depth research and long reports,
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是因為它的深度研究 以及很長的報導,
01:33
some of the humor had gotten lost along the way,
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在過程中,有些幽默不見了,
01:36
because now often Eustace Tilley was seen as a haughty dandy,
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因為現在,尤斯特斯.特利 通常被視為是高傲的時髦男子,
01:41
but in fact, in 1925,
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但事實上,在 1925 年,
01:44
when Rea Irvin first drew this image,
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當瑞厄文最初畫這張圖時,
01:47
he did it as part of a humor magazine
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是把它當作幽默雜誌的一部份,
01:50
to amuse the youth of the era,
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用來娛樂那個時代的年輕人,
01:52
which was the flappers of the roaring twenties.
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也就是咆哮的二十年代的 年輕時髦女子。
01:56
And in the library,
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在圖書館中,
01:58
I found the images that really captured the zeitgeist
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我找到一些圖像,它們真的捕捉到了
02:03
of the Great Depression.
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經濟大蕭條的時代精神。
02:05
And it showed us not just how people dressed
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它呈現的不只是人們的穿著、
02:10
or what their cars looked like,
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或是他們開什麼樣的車,
02:11
but also what made them laugh,
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也呈現出什麼能讓他們笑、
02:14
what their prejudices were.
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他們的偏見是什麼。
02:17
And you really got a sense
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你真的能夠了解
02:19
of what it felt like to be alive in the '30s.
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活在三十年代是什麼樣的感覺。
02:23
So I called on contemporary artists,
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所以我拜訪了當代藝術家,
02:27
such as Adrian Tomine here.
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比如畫這張圖的阿德里安.突米內。
02:29
I often call on narrative artists --
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我常會拜訪敘事性藝術家,
02:32
cartoonists, children's book authors --
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如漫畫家、童書作者,
02:35
and I give them themes such as,
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我會給他們主題,像是
02:38
you know, what it's like to be in the subway,
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在地鐵是什麼感覺、
02:41
or Valentine's Day,
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或情人節。
02:43
and they send me sketches.
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他們會把草圖寄給我。
02:44
And once the sketches are approved by the editor,
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一旦草圖被編輯大衛.瑞姆尼克
02:48
David Remnick,
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審核過了,
02:51
it's a go.
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就可以用了。
02:53
And I love the way
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我喜歡的是,
02:55
those images are actually not telling you what to think.
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那些圖像其實並不是 在告訴你要怎麼想,
03:00
But they do make you think,
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但它們會讓你去思考,
03:02
because the artist is actually --
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因為藝術家其實──
03:07
it's almost a puzzle;
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這幾乎像是在解謎;
03:09
the artist is drawing the dots,
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藝術家畫出一部份,
03:10
and you, the reader, have to complete the picture.
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而身為讀者的你, 得把整幅圖給完成。
03:14
So to get this image on the left by Anita Kunz,
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所以,若要了解左邊這張 安妮塔.庫恩茲設計的圖像,
03:17
or the one on right by Tomer Hanuka,
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或是右邊這張 桐姆爾. 阿努卡設計的,
03:20
you have to play spot the differences.
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你得要玩比比看差在哪的遊戲。
03:23
And it is something that ...
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這就像是……
03:27
It's really exciting to see
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能夠看見讀者的參與感,
03:31
how the engagement with the reader ...
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是很讓人興奮的……
03:37
how those images really capture --
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那些圖像如何描繪──
03:42
play with the stereotypes.
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吐槽你的刻板印象。
03:43
But when you get it,
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但當你看懂的時候,
03:45
it rearranges the stereotypes that are in your head.
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它會顛覆你腦中的刻板印象。
03:49
But the images don't just have to show people,
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但圖像並不見得一定要 呈現什麼給人看,
03:52
sometimes it can be a feeling.
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有時,它可以是一種感覺。
03:55
Right after September 11,
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在 911 事件之後,
03:57
I was at a point,
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我處在一個狀況,
04:00
like everybody else,
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和其他人一樣,
04:01
where I really didn't know how to deal with what we were going through,
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我不知道要如何呈現我們所經歷的,
04:07
and I felt that no image could capture this moment,
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我覺得沒有任何圖像 能夠描繪出我們當時的感受,
04:12
and I wanted to just do a black cover,
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我想要做一個黑白的封面,
04:15
like no cover.
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就像沒有封面一樣。
04:16
And I talked to my husband, cartoonist Art Spiegelman,
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我先生亞特.史匹格爾曼 是個漫畫家,我跟他談了這事,
04:20
and mentioned to him that I was going to propose that,
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跟他提到我的封面提案,
04:24
and he said, "Oh, if you're going to do a black cover,
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他說:「喔,如果你要 做黑白的封面,
04:26
then why don't you do the silhouette of the Twin Towers,
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那你為什麼不做 世貿雙子星大樓的輪廓,
04:31
black on black?"
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黑色加在黑色上面?」
04:32
And I sat down to draw this,
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我坐下來,畫了這個,
04:34
and as soon as I saw it,
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當我看到它的那一刻,
04:36
a shiver ran down my spine
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我的脊椎起了一陣涼意,
04:38
and I realized
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我了解到,
04:40
that in this refusal to make an image,
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在百般不願意中,
04:44
we had found a way to capture loss
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我們找到了一種方式來 回憶我們的失去、
04:49
and mourning
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悲痛、
04:50
and absence.
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與離別。
04:53
And it's been a profound thing that I learned in the process --
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我在過程中學到的是 很深奧的東西──
04:58
that sometimes some of the images that say the most
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有時,含有最多意涵的圖像,
05:04
do it with the most spare means.
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往往卻是用最簡單的方式表達。
05:07
And a simple image can speak volumes.
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一張簡單的圖像 可以訴說出一大堆的道理。
05:11
So this is the image that we published by Bob Staake
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我們出版的這個圖像是 巴伯.史達克的作品,
05:14
right after the election of Barack Obama,
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在歐巴馬的選舉之後出版的,
05:19
and captured a historic moment.
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捕捉到了這個歷史性的時刻。
05:23
But we can't really plan for this,
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但我們無去計畫這些,
05:25
because in order to do this,
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因為為了做到這樣,
05:26
we have to let the artist experience the emotions that we all feel
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我們得要讓藝術家體驗到 事件發生時我們所有人
05:33
when that is happening.
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感受到的情緒。
05:35
So back in November 2016,
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所以,回到 2016 年 11 月,
05:38
during the election last year,
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去年,在選舉時,
05:41
the only image that we could publish was this,
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我們唯一能出版的圖像就是這個,
05:44
which was on the stand on the week that everybody voted.
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在大家投票的那週,擺在報攤上。
05:48
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:50
Because we knew somebody would feel this --
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因為我們知道有些人的 感受就是這樣──
05:52
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
05:53
when the result of the election was announced.
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當選舉結果公佈時。
05:58
And when we found out the result,
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當我們得知結果時,
06:02
we really were at a loss,
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我們真的不知如何是好,
06:04
and this is the image that was sent by Bob Staake again,
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這張圖像同樣也是 巴伯.史達克寄來的,
06:10
and that really hit a chord.
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它真的有打中人心。
06:14
And again,
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同樣的,
06:15
we can't really figure out what's going to come next,
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我們真的無法知道 接下來會發生什麼事,
06:21
but here it felt like we didn't know how to move forward,
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當下感覺到,似乎 我們不知道如何向前進,
06:24
but we did move forward,
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但我們確實向前進了,
06:26
and this is the image that we published after Donald Trump's election
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這張圖像是我們在 川普選舉之後出版的,
06:32
and at the time of the Women's March
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那時正值全美各地的
06:35
all over the US.
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女權大遊行。
06:37
So over those 24 years,
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所以在這 24 年間,
06:39
I have seen over 1,000 images come to life week after week,
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一週又一週,我看過了 一千多張活生生的圖像,
06:44
and I'm often asked which one is my favorite,
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我常被問,哪張是我的最愛,
06:47
but I can't pick one
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但我無法選出一張,
06:49
because what I'm most proud of is how different every image is,
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因為我最驕傲的就是每張圖像
都有自己的獨特性,
06:55
one from the other.
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06:56
And that's due to the talent and the diversity
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原因是所有的藝術家們都貢獻出了
06:59
of all of the artists that contribute.
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他們的才華和多樣性。
07:03
And now, well,
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而現在,
07:05
now, we're owned by Russia,
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現在我們是歸俄國所有,
07:07
so --
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所以──
07:08
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
07:09
In a rendering by Barry Blitt here,
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在巴瑞.比李特所設計的表現中,
07:12
Eustace has become Eustace Vladimirovich Tilley.
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尤斯特斯變成了俄式名字 尤斯特斯.弗拉基米洛維奇.特利,
07:17
And the butterfly is none other than a flabbergasted Donald Trump
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而蝴蝶不是別人, 正是啞然失色的川普,
07:22
flapping his wings,
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拍著他的翅膀,
07:23
trying to figure out how to control the butterfly effect,
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試著想出要如何控制蝴蝶效應,
07:27
and the famed logo that was drawn by Rae Irvin in 1925
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而瑞厄文在 1925 年 設計的著名商標,
07:33
is now in Cyrillic.
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現在改用西里爾字母來寫。
07:35
So, what makes me really excited about this moment
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對於這個時刻,讓我感到很興奮的
07:40
is the way that ...
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是那方式……
07:43
You know, free press is essential to our democracy.
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你知道的,自由媒體對於 我們的民主而言是很重要的,
07:48
And we can see from the sublime to the ridiculous
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從崇高的到可笑的,我們可以看見
07:52
that artists can capture what is going on
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藝術家能夠捕捉到發生的事情,
07:56
in a way that an artist
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這種方式是一個藝術家
07:59
armed with just India ink and watercolor
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即使只有墨水和水彩顏料,
08:04
can capture and enter into the cultural dialogue.
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也能捕捉並進入文化對話。
08:10
It puts those artists at the center of that culture,
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這會把藝術家放在那文化的中心,
08:15
and that's exactly where I think they should be.
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那也是我認為他們該身處的地方。
08:18
Because the main thing we need right now is a good cartoon.
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因為現在我們最需要的 就是好的漫畫。
08:22
Thank you.
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謝謝大家。
08:23
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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