Daniel Kish: How I use sonar to navigate the world

512,685 views ・ 2015-03-31

TED


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翻译人员: Min WANG 校对人员: 杏儀 歐陽
00:12
(Clicking)
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(滴答声)
00:19
I was born with bilateral retinoblastoma,
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我出生时双眼都有眼癌,
00:24
retinal cancer.
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视网膜细胞瘤。
00:27
My right eye was removed
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我右眼在
00:30
at seven months of age.
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我7个月大时移除。
00:33
I was 13 months when they removed my left eye.
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13个月大时,左眼移除。
00:38
The first thing I did upon awakening from that last surgery
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我从手术中醒来做的第一件事
00:43
was to climb out of my crib
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就是爬出我的婴儿床,
00:46
and begin wandering around the intensive care nursery,
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开始在加强监护婴儿室东跑西跑,
00:51
probably looking for the one who did this to me.
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可能在寻找那个把我弄成这样的人。
00:55
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
00:58
Evidently, wandering around the nursery
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显然,在婴儿室东跑西跑
01:02
was not a problem for me without eyes.
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对于没有双眼的我来说并不是难题。
01:05
The problem was getting caught.
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难题是不被抓住。
01:09
It's impressions about blindness
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对于失明的印象
01:12
that are far more threatening
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远比失明本身
01:16
to blind people than the blindness itself.
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让盲人更恐惧。
01:21
Think for a moment about your own impressions of blindness.
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想想自己对于失明的印象。
01:25
Think about your reactions when I first came onto the stage,
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当我刚上台时,想想你们的反应,
01:29
or the prospect of your own blindness,
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或者想想你自己失明,
01:33
or a loved one going blind.
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或者爱的人将失明的景象。
01:37
The terror is incomprehensible to most of us,
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对于我们大多数人来说, 这都是难以想象的恐怖,
01:42
because blindness
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因为失明
01:45
is thought to epitomize ignorance and unawareness,
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被认为是无知无觉的缩影,
01:50
hapless exposure to the ravages of the dark unknown.
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不幸地暴露在未知黑暗的残迹之中。
01:58
How poetic.
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多么富有诗意。
02:01
Fortunately for me, my parents were not poetic.
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幸运的是,我的父母没有诗意。
02:04
They were pragmatic.
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他们很实际。
02:06
They understood that ignorance and fear were but matters of the mind,
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他们明白:无知和恐惧 仅仅是大脑精神层面的问题,
02:13
and the mind is adaptable.
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并且这种想法是可以改变的。
02:17
They believed that I should grow up
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他们相信我会长大
02:20
to enjoy the same freedoms and responsibilities as everyone else.
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享受和其他人一样的自由与责任。
02:25
In their own words, I would move out --
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用他们的话说,我会独立居住,
02:28
which I did when I was 18 --
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我18岁时做到了,
02:31
I will pay taxes --
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我将交税。
02:33
thanks -- (Laughter) --
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谢谢 (笑声)
02:37
and they knew the difference between love and fear.
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他们知道爱和恐惧的区别。
02:42
Fear immobilizes us in the face of challenge.
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面对挑战的时候,恐惧惊住了我们。
02:47
They knew that blindness would pose a significant challenge.
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他们知道失明是个巨大的挑战。
02:50
I was not raised with fear.
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我并不是在恐惧中成长。
02:53
They put my freedom first before all else,
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他们把我的自由 看得比其他东西都重要,
02:57
because that is what love does.
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因为那就是爱。
03:00
Now, moving forward, how do I manage today?
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继续讲,如今我是怎么生存的?
03:06
The world is a much larger nursery.
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世界是个大得多的育儿室。
03:09
Fortunately, I have my trusty long cane,
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幸运的是我有一支值得信赖的长手杖,
03:13
longer than the canes used by most blind people.
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比其他盲人的手杖更长。
03:16
I call it my freedom staff.
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我称它为我的自由帮手。
03:19
It will keep me, for example,
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例如,它能阻止我
03:20
from making an undignified departure from the stage. (Laughter)
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不优雅的离开讲台。(笑声)
03:27
I do see that cliff edge.
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我确实看到峭边。
03:30
They warned us earlier that every imaginable mishap
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他们之前提醒我:
演讲者在台上遇到过各种意外。
03:33
has occurred to speakers up here on the stage.
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03:37
I don't care to set a new precedent.
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我不介意造一个新的意外。
03:40
But beyond that,
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但是除此之外,
03:42
many of you may have heard me clicking as I came onto the stage --
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大家在我来到讲台的时候, 听到我发出滴答声,
03:45
(Clicking) --
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(滴答声)
03:46
with my tongue.
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用舌头发的声音。
03:48
Those are flashes of sound
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那些都是声音的反射,
03:51
that go out and reflect from surfaces all around me,
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从所有我身边事物的表面反射回来,
03:56
just like a bat's sonar,
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就像一个蝙蝠的声呐,
03:58
and return to me with patterns, with pieces of information,
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反馈给我一些信息,
04:03
much as light does for you.
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就像光反馈给你们信息一样。
04:07
And my brain, thanks to my parents,
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感谢我的父母,我的大脑
04:10
has been activated to form images in my visual cortex,
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能够在我的视觉皮质中筑构影像,
04:16
which we now call the imaging system,
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这就是我们所谓的成像系统,
04:19
from those patterns of information, much as your brain does.
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借助信息的结构形成图像, 就像你们的大脑。
04:23
I call this process flash sonar.
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我称这个过程为“闪光声呐”。
04:26
It is how I have learned to see through my blindness,
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我就是这样学会 在失明中去看见东西,
04:32
to navigate my journey
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为我导航,
04:35
through the dark unknowns of my own challenges,
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穿过挑战性的未知黑暗,
04:39
which has earned me the moniker
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我也因此得了一个绰号
04:43
"the remarkable Batman."
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“神奇蝙蝠侠”。
04:47
Now, Batman I will accept.
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我接受蝙蝠侠这个称号。
04:49
Bats are cool. Batman is cool.
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蝙蝠很有型,蝙蝠侠很酷。
04:53
But I was not raised to think of myself as in any way remarkable.
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但是我的成长教育并让我不觉得 自己任何一方面有什么奇特的。
04:59
I have always regarded myself much like anyone else
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我总是把自己看得和普通人一样,
05:03
who navigates the dark unknowns of their own challenges.
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他们也是在挑战性的 未知黑暗中自我摸索。
05:09
Is that so remarkable?
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这有很奇特吗?
05:12
I do not use my eyes, I use my brain.
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我不用双眼,我用的是大脑。
05:16
Now, someone, somewhere,
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此时某地的某人,
05:19
must think that's remarkable, or I wouldn't be up here,
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一定在想那的确很奇特, 否则我不会在这里,
05:23
but let's consider this for a moment.
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但是我们思考一下,
05:27
Everyone out there
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在场的所有人,
05:29
who faces or who has ever faced a challenge,
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正面对、或曾经面对过挑战的,
05:34
raise your hands.
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举起你们的手。
05:37
Whoosh. Okay.
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呼--。好的。
05:39
Lots of hands going up, a moment, let me do a head count.
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好多手,等一下,我数一下。
05:42
(Clicking)
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(滴答声)
05:45
This will take a while. (Clicking) (Laughter)
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这需要一会儿。 (滴答声)(笑声)
05:48
Okay, lots of hands in the air.
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好,空中好多手。
05:50
Keep them up. I have an idea.
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一直举着。我有个主意。
05:52
Those of you who use your brains to navigate these challenges,
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你们用大脑去克服挑战的人
05:58
put your hands down.
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放下你们的手。
06:02
Okay, anyone with your hands still up
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好的,仍然举着手的人
06:05
has challenges of your own. (Laughter)
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要挑战的是你自己。(笑声)
06:10
So we all face challenges,
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我们都面对挑战,
06:12
and we all face the dark unknown,
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我们都面对未知的黑暗,
06:16
which is endemic to most challenges, which is what most of us fear, okay?
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大部分挑战都是这样, 这也是我们的畏惧之处,对吗?
06:20
But we all have brains
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但是我们都有大脑
06:24
that allow us, that activate to allow us
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大脑让我们能够
06:29
to navigate the journey through these challenges. Okay?
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在挑战中摸索前进。
06:36
Case in point: I came up here
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很好的例子:我来到这里
06:40
and -- (Clicking) -- they wouldn't tell me
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(滴答声)他们不会告诉我,
06:47
where the lectern was.
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讲台在哪里。
06:50
So you can't trust those TED folks.
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不能相信TED的工作人员。
06:54
"Find it yourself," they said.
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“自己找,”他们说。
06:56
So -- (Laughter)
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所以--(笑声)
07:01
And the feedback for the P.A. system is no help at all.
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而且广播系统的反馈也无济于事。
07:04
So now I present to you a challenge.
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我要向你们展现一个挑战。
07:07
So if you'd all close your eyes for just a moment, okay?
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你们都闭上眼睛一会儿, 好吗?
07:11
And you're going to learn a bit of flash sonar.
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你们也将学会一点闪光声呐。
07:15
I'm going to make a sound.
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我会发出声响。
07:17
I'm going to hold this panel in front of me, but I'm not going to move it.
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我会我面前举着这块平板, 我不会移动这块板。
07:20
Just listen to the sound for a moment.
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听一会儿。
07:25
Shhhhhhhhhh.
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“嘘-----------”
07:31
Okay, nothing very interesting.
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好吧,没什么特别。
07:33
Now, listen to what happens to that same exact sound
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现在听一听我移动平板
07:36
when I move the panel.
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发出的一样的声响。
07:39
Shhhhhhhhhhh. (Pitch getting higher and lower)
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“嘘------------” (音调时高时低)
07:50
You do not know the power of the dark side.
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你们不了解黑暗的能量。
07:53
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
07:55
I couldn't resist.
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我情不自已。
07:59
Okay, now keep your eyes closed
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好吧,继续闭着眼,
08:02
because, did you hear the difference?
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你们听到差别了吗?
08:04
Okay. Now, let's be sure.
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好吧,让我们确认一下。
08:07
For your challenge,
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你们的挑战是:
08:09
you tell me, just say "now" when you hear the panel start to move.
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我开始移动平板的时候, 你们就要告诉我“现在”。
08:14
Okay? We'll relax into this.
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好吗?放松。
08:20
Shhhhhhh.
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“嘘-----”
08:23
Audience: Now. Daniel Kish: Good. Excellent.
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观众:现在。 丹尼尔·基什: 很棒。
08:25
Open your eyes.
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睁开眼睛。
08:27
All right. So just a few centimeters,
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就移动了几厘米,
08:31
you would notice the difference.
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你们就注意到这种变化。
08:34
You've experienced sonar.
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你们已经感受到声呐了。
08:37
You'd all make great blind people. (Laughter)
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你们都是了不起的瞎子。 (笑声)
08:40
Let's have a look at what can happen
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让我们看看
08:43
when this activation process
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要是这个声呐激活过程
08:46
is given some time and attention.
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得到更多的时间和关注。
08:51
(Video) Juan Ruiz: It's like you guys can see with your eyes
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(视频)Juan Ruiz: 就像 你们可以用眼睛去看一样,
08:54
and we can see with our ears.
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我们可以用耳朵去看。
08:57
Brian Bushway: It's not a matter of enjoying it more or less,
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男:关键不是欣赏多与少。
09:00
it's about enjoying it differently.
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而是从不同角度去欣赏。
09:03
Shawn Marsolais: It goes across. DK: Yeah.
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女:穿过了。 DK:对。
09:06
SM: And then it's gradually coming back down again.
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女:再逐渐往下。
09:10
DK: Yes! SM: That's amazing.
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DK: 对! 女:太奇妙了。
09:11
I can, like, see the car. Holy mother!
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我能看到汽车。圣母马利亚!
09:21
J. Louchart: I love being blind.
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男2:我喜欢变瞎子。
09:24
If I had the opportunity, honestly, I wouldn't go back to being sighted.
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真诚的说,如果有机会, 我不打算重见光明了。
09:27
JR: The bigger the goal, the more obstacles you'll face,
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男3:目标越大,你面对的障碍越多,
09:31
and on the other side of that goal
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在目标的另一边
09:33
is victory.
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就是胜利。
09:35
[In Italian]
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(意大利语)
09:40
(Applause)
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(掌声)
09:50
DK: Now, do these people look terrified?
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基什: 这些人看上去很恐惧吗?
09:54
Not so much.
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没那么恐惧。
09:56
We have delivered activation training
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我们已经传授激活训练,
09:58
to tens of thousands of blind and sighted people from all backgrounds
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给成千上万的盲人, 以及各行各业的正常人,
10:02
in nearly 40 countries.
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遍及40个国家。
10:04
When blind people learn to see,
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当盲人学会看见,
10:09
sighted people seem inspired
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可视的人似乎受到了启发,
10:12
to want to learn to see their way better, more clearly, with less fear,
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他们想要学会更好更清晰、 不畏惧地看清他们的路,
10:18
because this exemplifies the immense capacity within us all
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这证明了我们潜在的巨大能力,
10:24
to navigate any type of challenge, through any form of darkness,
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我们可以在任何黑暗和挑战中前行,
10:31
to discoveries unimagined
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发现无法想象的东西,
10:34
when we are activated.
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只要我们被激活。
10:39
I wish you all a most activating journey.
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我祝愿你们拥有一个激励的旅途。
10:45
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢。
10:47
(Applause)
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(掌声)
10:55
Chris Anderson: Daniel, my friend.
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安德森: 丹尼尔,我的朋友。
10:58
As I know you can see, it's a spectacular standing ovation at TED.
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我知道你看得到: Ted观众的喝彩声壮观持久。
11:03
Thank you for an extraordinary talk.
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谢谢你的出众演讲。
11:06
Just one more question about your world, your inner world that you construct.
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关于你的世界、你所建立的内心世界, 我还想问一个问题。
11:11
We think that we have things in our world that you as a blind person don't have,
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我们认为在我们的世界中 我们拥有盲人没有的事物,
11:17
but what's your world like?
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但是你的世界是怎样的?
11:18
What do you have that we don't have?
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你有我们没有的东西吗?
11:21
DK: Three hundred and sixty-degree view,
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基什:360度视角,
11:24
so my sonar works about as well behind me as it does in front of me.
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也就是说,我的声呐 在身后和身前都看得见。
11:28
It works around corners.
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在拐角处也可以管用。
11:30
It works through surfaces.
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也可以穿过物体表面。
11:34
Generally, it's kind of a fuzzy three-dimensional geometry.
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一般而言,这是模糊的三维几何世界。
11:39
One of my students, who has now become an instructor,
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我有过一名学生,现在已经成为教员了,
11:43
when he lost his vision, after a few months
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在他失明后的几个月,
11:46
he was sitting in his three story house
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他正坐在三层楼高的家里,
11:48
and he realized that he could hear everything going on throughout the house:
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发觉自己能听到屋子里 正在进行的一切:
11:52
conversations, people in the kitchen, people in the bathroom,
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厨房里、浴室里人们的谈话
11:56
several floors away, several walls away.
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几层之外,几墙之隔的声音。
11:59
He said it was something like having x-ray vision.
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他说就像拥有X射线一样的视力。
12:02
CA: What do you picture that you're in right now?
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安德森:你会怎样描绘现在身处的地方?
12:06
How do you picture this theater?
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你怎样描绘这个现场?
12:09
DK: Lots of loudspeakers, quite frankly.
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基什:坦白说,很多大声说话的人。
12:16
It's interesting. When people make a sound,
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当人们发声的时候,很有趣。
12:20
when they laugh, when they fidget, when they take a drink or blow their nose
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当他们笑,当他们坐立不安, 当他们喝水,或者擤鼻子,
12:25
or whatever, I hear everything.
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不管是什么,我都能听到。
12:28
I hear every little movement that every single person makes.
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我听到人们的细微动作。
12:31
None of it really escapes my attention,
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从声呐的视角,
12:34
and then, from a sonar perspective,
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它们都在我的注意力之内,
12:36
the size of the room, the curvature of the audience around the stage,
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房间的大小,观众绕讲台的曲率,
12:42
it's the height of the room.
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房间的高度。
12:45
Like I say, it's all that kind of three-dimensional surface geometry
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就像我说的,
环绕我的三维平面几何世界。
12:49
all around me.
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12:50
CA: Well, Daniel, you have done a spectacular job
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安德森:丹尼尔, 你的演讲很棒,
12:52
of helping us all see the world in a different way.
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帮助我们用不同的方式看世界。
12:55
Thanks so much for that, truly. DK: Thank you.
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真诚的谢谢你。 基什:谢谢。
12:57
(Applause)
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(掌声)
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