Daniel Kish: How I use sonar to navigate the world

譯者: melo li 審譯者: Yamei Huang

(Clicking)

（滴答聲）

I was born with bilateral retinoblastoma,

我出生時就患有雙眼視網膜

retinal cancer.

母細胞瘤。

My right eye was removed

在我七個月大時

at seven months of age.

我的右眼被移除。

I was 13 months when they removed my left eye.

13 個月大時 他們把我的左眼移除了。

The first thing I did upon awakening from that last surgery

我從最後一個手術後 醒來所做的第一件事是

was to climb out of my crib

爬出我的嬰兒床

and begin wandering around the intensive care nursery,

開始在重症監護嬰兒室裡亂逛，

probably looking for the one who did this to me.

可能是在找那個把我弄成失明的人。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

Evidently, wandering around the nursery

顯然地，在嬰兒室裡亂逛

was not a problem for me without eyes.

對於沒有雙眼的我來說並不是問題。

The problem was getting caught.

問題是被抓住。

It's impressions about blindness

對失明的印象

that are far more threatening

遠比失明本身

to blind people than the blindness itself.

讓盲人更恐懼。

Think for a moment about your own impressions of blindness.

想一下你自己對失明的印象。

Think about your reactions when I first came onto the stage,

想一下當我剛上台時你的反應，

or the prospect of your own blindness,

想一下你自己失明，

or a loved one going blind.

或者愛的人將失明的景象。

The terror is incomprehensible to most of us,

對我們大多數人來說 恐懼難以想象，

because blindness

因為失明被認為是

is thought to epitomize ignorance and unawareness,

無知和無意識的縮影，

hapless exposure to the ravages of the dark unknown.

不幸地受到未知黑暗的折磨。

How poetic.

多麼詩意啊。

Fortunately for me, my parents were not poetic.

對我來說幸運的是， 我的父母沒有充滿詩意。

They were pragmatic.

他們很務實。

They understood that ignorance and fear were but matters of the mind,

他們明白 無知和恐懼僅僅是思想層面的問題，

and the mind is adaptable.

並且思想是可以改變的。

They believed that I should grow up

他們認為我會長大

to enjoy the same freedoms and responsibilities as everyone else.

享受和其他人一樣的自由與責任。

In their own words, I would move out --

用他們的話來說，我會搬出去住，

which I did when I was 18 --

我 18 歲時做了這事，

I will pay taxes --

我要繳稅。

thanks -- (Laughter) --

謝謝（笑聲）

and they knew the difference between love and fear.

他們知道愛和恐懼之間的區別。

Fear immobilizes us in the face of challenge.

面對挑戰的時候 恐懼使我們無法移動。

They knew that blindness would pose a significant challenge.

他們知道失明會構成重大的挑戰。

I was not raised with fear.

我並不是在恐懼中長大。

They put my freedom first before all else,

他們把我的自由 看得比其他東西都重要，

because that is what love does.

因為那就是愛才會這麼做。

Now, moving forward, how do I manage today?

接下來，如今我是怎麼生存的？

The world is a much larger nursery.

世界是一個更大的育兒室。

Fortunately, I have my trusty long cane,

幸運的是， 我有一支值得信賴的長手杖，

longer than the canes used by most blind people.

比大多數盲人使用的手杖長。

I call it my freedom staff.

我把它叫做我的自由幫手。

It will keep me, for example,

例如，它能阻止我，

from making an undignified departure from the stage. (Laughter)

不體面地離開講台。（笑聲）

I do see that cliff edge.

我確實看到講台邊緣。

They warned us earlier that every imaginable mishap

他們之前提醒我

演講者在台上遇到過各種事故，

has occurred to speakers up here on the stage.

I don't care to set a new precedent.

我不介意做一個先例。

But beyond that,

但除此之外，

many of you may have heard me clicking as I came onto the stage --

當我來到講台時 大家可能已經聽到我發出的滴答聲--

(Clicking) --

（滴答聲）

with my tongue.

用舌頭發出的聲音。

Those are flashes of sound

那些是聲音的反射

that go out and reflect from surfaces all around me,

從我身邊事物的表面反射出去，

just like a bat's sonar,

就像蝙蝠的聲納，

and return to me with patterns, with pieces of information,

把圖案和資訊傳回給我，

much as light does for you.

就像光反射給你們圖案和資訊一樣。

And my brain, thanks to my parents,

感謝我的父母，

has been activated to form images in my visual cortex,

我的大腦得到啟動 在視覺皮層裡形成圖像，

which we now call the imaging system,

我們現在把它叫做成像系統，

from those patterns of information, much as your brain does.

藉助資訊的結構形成圖像， 就像你們的大腦。

I call this process flash sonar.

我稱這個過程為「閃光聲納」。

It is how I have learned to see through my blindness,

我就是這樣學會在失明中看見東西，

to navigate my journey

透過自我挑戰未知的黑暗

through the dark unknowns of my own challenges,

駕馭我的旅程，

which has earned me the moniker

我因此得了一個綽號

"the remarkable Batman."

「神奇蝙蝠俠」。

Now, Batman I will accept.

我接受「蝙蝠俠」這個綽號。

Bats are cool. Batman is cool.

蝙蝠很酷。蝙蝠俠也很酷。

But I was not raised to think of myself as in any way remarkable.

但是在成長的過程中 我不覺得自己在哪方面是奇特的。

I have always regarded myself much like anyone else

我總是把自己看得和其它人一樣

who navigates the dark unknowns of their own challenges.

他們也是在駕馭挑戰性的未知黑暗。

Is that so remarkable?

那很奇特嗎？

I do not use my eyes, I use my brain.

我不用眼睛，我用我的大腦。

Now, someone, somewhere,

此時某地的某人，

must think that's remarkable, or I wouldn't be up here,

一定覺得那很奇特， 否則我不會在這裡，

but let's consider this for a moment.

但是我們思考一下。

Everyone out there

這裡的每一個人

who faces or who has ever faced a challenge,

面臨或曾經面臨過挑戰的，

raise your hands.

舉起你們的手。

Whoosh. Okay.

呼。 好的。

Lots of hands going up, a moment, let me do a head count.

好多手舉起來， 等一下，我來數數。

(Clicking)

（滴答聲）

This will take a while. (Clicking) (Laughter)

這需要一會兒。 （滴答聲）（笑聲）

Okay, lots of hands in the air.

好，空中有好多手。

Keep them up. I have an idea.

一直舉着。我有一個主意。

Those of you who use your brains to navigate these challenges,

那些用大腦來克服挑戰的人，

put your hands down.

放下你們的手。

Okay, anyone with your hands still up

好的，還舉着手的人

has challenges of your own. (Laughter)

面臨著自身的挑戰。（笑聲）

So we all face challenges,

我們都面臨著挑戰，

and we all face the dark unknown,

我們都面臨著未知的黑暗，

which is endemic to most challenges, which is what most of us fear, okay?

大多數挑戰普遍是這樣， 我們大多數人都害怕，對嗎？

But we all have brains

但我們都有大腦

that allow us, that activate to allow us

大腦得到啟動

to navigate the journey through these challenges. Okay?

讓我們在這些挑戰中駕馭旅程。 好嗎？

Case in point: I came up here

一個很好的例子：我來到這裡

and -- (Clicking) -- they wouldn't tell me

（滴答聲）

where the lectern was.

他們不告訴我講台在哪裡。

So you can't trust those TED folks.

你們不能相信 TED 的工作人員。

"Find it yourself," they said.

他們說.：「自己找」，

So -- (Laughter)

（笑聲）

And the feedback for the P.A. system is no help at all.

而且廣播系統的反饋根本沒有幫助。

So now I present to you a challenge.

現在我向你們展現一個挑戰。

So if you'd all close your eyes for just a moment, okay?

你們都閉上眼睛一會兒，好嗎？

And you're going to learn a bit of flash sonar.

你們將要學一點閃光聲納。

I'm going to make a sound.

我準備弄出聲響。

I'm going to hold this panel in front of me, but I'm not going to move it.

我會在我的前面舉着這塊平板 但不會移動這塊板。

Just listen to the sound for a moment.

聽一會兒我發出的聲音。

Shhhhhhhhhh.

噓噓噓噓。

Okay, nothing very interesting.

好吧，沒什麼有趣的。

Now, listen to what happens to that same exact sound

現在，我移動平板

when I move the panel.

聽聽同樣的聲音會有什麼變化。

Shhhhhhhhhhh. (Pitch getting higher and lower)

噓噓噓噓。 （音調時高時低）

You do not know the power of the dark side.

你們不知道黑暗的力量。

(Laughter)

（笑聲）

I couldn't resist.

我情不自禁。

Okay, now keep your eyes closed

好的，現在閉上你們的眼睛，

because, did you hear the difference?

你們聽到差別了嗎？

Okay. Now, let's be sure.

好的，讓我們來確認一下。

For your challenge,

你們的挑戰是，

you tell me, just say "now" when you hear the panel start to move.

當我開始移動平板時 你們就要告訴我「現在」。

Okay? We'll relax into this.

好嗎？放鬆。

Shhhhhhh.

噓噓噓噓。

Audience: Now. Daniel Kish: Good. Excellent.

觀眾：現在。 丹尼爾·基什：好的。很棒。

Open your eyes.

睜開眼睛。

All right. So just a few centimeters,

好。只移動了幾厘米，

you would notice the difference.

你們可以注意到這種變化。

You've experienced sonar.

你們已經感受到聲納了。

You'd all make great blind people. (Laughter)

你們都變成了不起的盲人。 （笑聲）

Let's have a look at what can happen

我們來看看

when this activation process

當給予啟動過程一些時間和關注

is given some time and attention.

會發生什麼。

(Video) Juan Ruiz: It's like you guys can see with your eyes

（影片）胡安·鲁伊斯： 就像你們可以用眼睛去看

and we can see with our ears.

我們可以用耳朵去看。

Brian Bushway: It's not a matter of enjoying it more or less,

布萊恩·布施威： 這不是欣賞多與少的問題，

it's about enjoying it differently.

而是從不同角度欣賞的問題。

Shawn Marsolais: It goes across. DK: Yeah.

尚恩·瑪索萊斯：穿過了。 丹尼爾·基什：是的。

SM: And then it's gradually coming back down again.

尚恩·瑪索萊斯： 接着它逐漸再往下走。

DK: Yes! SM: That's amazing.

丹尼爾·基什：對！ 尚恩·瑪索萊斯：好神奇。

I can, like, see the car. Holy mother!

我可以看到汽車。 聖母馬利亞！

J. Louchart: I love being blind.

J. 盧沙爾：我喜歡當盲人。

If I had the opportunity, honestly, I wouldn't go back to being sighted.

說實話，如果有機會 我不打算重見光明了。

JR: The bigger the goal, the more obstacles you'll face,

JR：目標越大，你面臨的障礙越多，

and on the other side of that goal

在目標的另一邊

is victory.

是勝利。

[In Italian]

（意大利語）

(Applause)

（掌聲）

DK: Now, do these people look terrified?

丹尼爾·基什： 這些人看上去很害怕嗎？

Not so much.

不是很害怕。

We have delivered activation training

我們把激活訓練傳授給

to tens of thousands of blind and sighted people from all backgrounds

成千上萬的盲人 以及來自各種背景的有視力的人

in nearly 40 countries.

遍及 40 個國家。

When blind people learn to see,

當盲人學會看見，

sighted people seem inspired

有視力的人似乎受到啟發

to want to learn to see their way better, more clearly, with less fear,

想要學會更好更清晰 沒那麼畏懼地看清他們的路，

because this exemplifies the immense capacity within us all

因為這證明了我們巨大的能力

to navigate any type of challenge, through any form of darkness,

在任何黑暗中， 駕馭任何一種類型的挑戰，

to discoveries unimagined

發現無法想象的東西

when we are activated.

只要我們受到激活。

I wish you all a most activating journey.

我希望你們擁有一個激勵的旅程。

Thank you very much.

非常感謝大家。

(Applause)

（掌聲）

Chris Anderson: Daniel, my friend.

克里斯·安德森：丹尼爾，我的朋友。

As I know you can see, it's a spectacular standing ovation at TED.

我知道你看得到， TED 觀眾的熱烈的掌聲。

Thank you for an extraordinary talk.

謝謝你出色的演講。

Just one more question about your world, your inner world that you construct.

還有一個問題 關於你所建立的內心世界。

We think that we have things in our world that you as a blind person don't have,

我們認為在我們的世界中 我們擁有你們盲人沒有的事物，

but what's your world like?

但是你們的世界是怎樣的？

What do you have that we don't have?

你們擁有我們所沒有的東西是什麼？

DK: Three hundred and sixty-degree view,

丹尼爾·基什：360 度視角，

so my sonar works about as well behind me as it does in front of me.

我的聲納在身後也像身前一樣有用。

It works around corners.

在角落處也管用。

It works through surfaces.

它可以穿過表面

Generally, it's kind of a fuzzy three-dimensional geometry.

總而言之， 這是一個模糊的三維幾何世界。

One of my students, who has now become an instructor,

我有一個學生，現在是名教員，

when he lost his vision, after a few months

當他失明幾個月後，

he was sitting in his three story house

他坐在三層樓高的家裡

and he realized that he could hear everything going on throughout the house:

意識到他能聽到屋裡 正在發生的一切東西：

conversations, people in the kitchen, people in the bathroom,

對話，廚房和浴室裡的人們

several floors away, several walls away.

幾層樓之外，幾牆之隔。

He said it was something like having x-ray vision.

他說就像擁有 X 射線一樣的視力。

CA: What do you picture that you're in right now?

安德森·丹尼爾： 你怎樣描繪現在身處的地方？

How do you picture this theater?

你怎樣描述這個劇院？

DK: Lots of loudspeakers, quite frankly.

丹尼爾·基什： 坦白說，很多大聲說話的人。

It's interesting. When people make a sound,

很有趣。 當人們發出聲音，

when they laugh, when they fidget, when they take a drink or blow their nose

當他們笑，當他們坐立不安 當他們喝飲料或者擤鼻子

or whatever, I hear everything.

不管是做什麼，我都能聽到。

I hear every little movement that every single person makes.

我聽到每個人做出的細微動作。

None of it really escapes my attention,

它們都沒能逃過我的注意，

and then, from a sonar perspective,

從聲納的角度來說，

the size of the room, the curvature of the audience around the stage,

房間的大小，觀眾繞講台的曲率，

it's the height of the room.

房間的高度。

Like I say, it's all that kind of three-dimensional surface geometry

就像我說的， 這是環繞我的是

all around me.

三維平面幾何世界。

CA: Well, Daniel, you have done a spectacular job

安德森·丹尼爾： 丹尼爾，你的演講很棒，

of helping us all see the world in a different way.

幫助我們從一個不同的方式來看世界。

Thanks so much for that, truly. DK: Thank you.

真誠地感謝你。 丹尼爾·基什：謝謝。

(Applause)

（掌聲）