Daniel Kish: How I use sonar to navigate the world

509,741 views ・ 2015-03-31

TED


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Prevoditelj: Senzos Osijek Recezent: Ivan Stamenković
00:12
(Clicking)
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(Pucketanje)
00:19
I was born with bilateral retinoblastoma,
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Rođen sam s bilateralnim retinoblastomom,
00:24
retinal cancer.
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tumorom mrežnice.
00:27
My right eye was removed
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Moje desno oko je odstranjeno
00:30
at seven months of age.
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kada sam imao sedam mjeseci.
00:33
I was 13 months when they removed my left eye.
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Imao sam 13 mjeseci kada su odstranili moje lijevo oko.
00:38
The first thing I did upon awakening from that last surgery
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Prva stvar koju sam napravio nakon buđenja poslije zadnje operacije,
00:43
was to climb out of my crib
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izašao sam iz kolijevke
00:46
and begin wandering around the intensive care nursery,
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i počeo sam lutati po odjelu intenzivnog liječenja pedijatrije,
00:51
probably looking for the one who did this to me.
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vjerojatno tražeći onoga koji mi je ovo učinio.
00:55
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:58
Evidently, wandering around the nursery
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Očigledno, lutanje po pedijatriji
01:02
was not a problem for me without eyes.
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bez očiju mi nije predstavljalo problem.
01:05
The problem was getting caught.
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Problem je bio kada me uhvate.
01:09
It's impressions about blindness
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Utisci o sljepoći su ti
01:12
that are far more threatening
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koji predstavljaju puno veću prijetnju
01:16
to blind people than the blindness itself.
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slijepim ljudima od same sljepoće.
01:21
Think for a moment about your own impressions of blindness.
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Razmislite na trenutak o vlastitim stajalištima o sljepoći.
01:25
Think about your reactions when I first came onto the stage,
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Razmislite o svojim reakcijama kada sam tek došao na pozornicu,
01:29
or the prospect of your own blindness,
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ili o vjerojatnosti da vi oslijepite,
01:33
or a loved one going blind.
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ili vaši voljeni.
01:37
The terror is incomprehensible to most of us,
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Teror je većini nas neshvatljiv,
01:42
because blindness
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jer za sljepoću
01:45
is thought to epitomize ignorance and unawareness,
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se smatra da uklanja neznanje i nesvjesnost,
01:50
hapless exposure to the ravages of the dark unknown.
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nesretnog izlaganja razaranju mračne nepoznatosti.
01:58
How poetic.
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Kako poetično.
02:01
Fortunately for me, my parents were not poetic.
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Srećom za mene, moji roditelji nisu bili poetični.
02:04
They were pragmatic.
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Bili su pragmatični.
02:06
They understood that ignorance and fear were but matters of the mind,
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Razumjeli su da su neznanje i strah samo stanja uma,
02:13
and the mind is adaptable.
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a um je prilagodljiv.
02:17
They believed that I should grow up
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Smatrali su kako trebam odrastati
02:20
to enjoy the same freedoms and responsibilities as everyone else.
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uživajući iste slobode i obveze kao i svi drugi.
02:25
In their own words, I would move out --
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Njihovim riječima, iselit ću se --
02:28
which I did when I was 18 --
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što i jesam kada sam napunio 18 --
02:31
I will pay taxes --
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plaćat ću porez --
02:33
thanks -- (Laughter) --
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hvala -- (Smijeh) --
02:37
and they knew the difference between love and fear.
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i znali su razliku između ljubavi i straha.
02:42
Fear immobilizes us in the face of challenge.
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Strah nas imobilizira prilikom suočavanja s izazovima.
02:47
They knew that blindness would pose a significant challenge.
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Znali su da bi sljepoća predstavljala značajan izazov.
02:50
I was not raised with fear.
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Nisam odgojen sa strahom.
02:53
They put my freedom first before all else,
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Stavljali su moju slobodu prije svega,
02:57
because that is what love does.
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jer to je ono što ljubav čini.
03:00
Now, moving forward, how do I manage today?
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Sada, idemo dalje, kako se snalazim danas?
03:06
The world is a much larger nursery.
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Svijet je puno veća pedijatrija.
03:09
Fortunately, I have my trusty long cane,
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Srećom, uz sebe imam svoj vjerni štap,
03:13
longer than the canes used by most blind people.
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duži od štapova koje većina slijepaca koristi.
03:16
I call it my freedom staff.
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Zovem ga svojim štapom slobode.
03:19
It will keep me, for example,
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Spriječit će me, na primjer,
03:20
from making an undignified departure from the stage. (Laughter)
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od nedostojanstvenog odlaska s pozornice. (Smijeh)
03:27
I do see that cliff edge.
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Vidim taj rub.
03:30
They warned us earlier that every imaginable mishap
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Prije su nas upozorili da su se sve zamislive nesreće
03:33
has occurred to speakers up here on the stage.
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dogodile govornicima ovdje na pozornici.
03:37
I don't care to set a new precedent.
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Nemam namjeru dodati još jedan primjer.
03:40
But beyond that,
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Ali dalje od toga,
03:42
many of you may have heard me clicking as I came onto the stage --
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većina vas me mogla čuti kako pucketam dok sam dolazio na pozornicu --
03:45
(Clicking) --
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(Pucketanje) --
03:46
with my tongue.
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sa svojim jezikom.
03:48
Those are flashes of sound
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To su bljeskovi zvuka
03:51
that go out and reflect from surfaces all around me,
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koji odlaze i reflektiraju se o podloge koje me okružuju,
03:56
just like a bat's sonar,
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poput sonara šišmiša,
03:58
and return to me with patterns, with pieces of information,
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te mi se vraćaju u uzorcima, s djelićima informacija,
04:03
much as light does for you.
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baš kao što svjetlo radi u vašem slučaju.
04:07
And my brain, thanks to my parents,
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Moj mozak, zahvaljujući mojim roditeljima,
04:10
has been activated to form images in my visual cortex,
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je aktiviran kako bi stvarao slike u mojoj vidnoj kori mozga,
04:16
which we now call the imaging system,
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koju sada zovemo slikovnim sustavom,
04:19
from those patterns of information, much as your brain does.
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od tih uzoraka informacija, slično kao što vaš mozak to radi.
04:23
I call this process flash sonar.
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Zovem to procesirajućim bljeskovnim sonarom.
04:26
It is how I have learned to see through my blindness,
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Tako sam naučio vidjeti kroz svoju sljepoću,
04:32
to navigate my journey
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upravljati svojim putovanjem
04:35
through the dark unknowns of my own challenges,
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kroz mračne nepoznanice vlastitih izazova,
04:39
which has earned me the moniker
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što mi je pridonijelo nadimak
04:43
"the remarkable Batman."
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˝izvanredni Batman,˝
04:47
Now, Batman I will accept.
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Sada, Batmana ću prihvatiti.
04:49
Bats are cool. Batman is cool.
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Šišmiši su cool. Batman je cool.
04:53
But I was not raised to think of myself as in any way remarkable.
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Ali nisam odgojen kako bi se smatrao ni na koji način izvanrednim.
04:59
I have always regarded myself much like anyone else
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Uvijek sam se smatrao jednakim poput bilo koga
05:03
who navigates the dark unknowns of their own challenges.
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tko plovi kroz mračne nepoznanice vlastitih izazova.
05:09
Is that so remarkable?
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Je li to toliko nevjerojatno?
05:12
I do not use my eyes, I use my brain.
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Ne koristim svoje oči, koristim svoj mozak.
05:16
Now, someone, somewhere,
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Sada, netko, negdje,
05:19
must think that's remarkable, or I wouldn't be up here,
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mora misliti kako je to nevjerojatno, jer u suprotnom ne bih bio ovdje,
05:23
but let's consider this for a moment.
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ali razmislimo na trenutak o tome.
05:27
Everyone out there
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Svi vi
05:29
who faces or who has ever faced a challenge,
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koji se suočavate ili ste se ikada suočili s izazovima,
05:34
raise your hands.
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podignite ruku.
05:37
Whoosh. Okay.
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Vuuš. OK.
05:39
Lots of hands going up, a moment, let me do a head count.
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Puno ruka se trenutno diže, samo da prebrojim glave.
05:42
(Clicking)
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(Pucketanje)
05:45
This will take a while. (Clicking) (Laughter)
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Ovo će potrajati. (Pucketanje) (Smijeh)
05:48
Okay, lots of hands in the air.
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OK, puno je ruka u zraku.
05:50
Keep them up. I have an idea.
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Zadržite ih gore. Imam ideju.
05:52
Those of you who use your brains to navigate these challenges,
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Svi vi koji koristite svoj mozak prilikom nošenja s izazovima,
05:58
put your hands down.
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spustite svoje ruke.
06:02
Okay, anyone with your hands still up
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OK, svi koji još uvijek imaju ruke u zraku
06:05
has challenges of your own. (Laughter)
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imaju izazove za sebe. (Smijeh)
06:10
So we all face challenges,
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Dakle, svi se suočavamo s izazovima
06:12
and we all face the dark unknown,
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i svi se suočavamo s mračnim nepoznanicama,
06:16
which is endemic to most challenges, which is what most of us fear, okay?
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koje su endemske za većinu izazova, što je ono čega se većina nas boji, OK?
06:20
But we all have brains
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Ali, svi mi imamo mozgove
06:24
that allow us, that activate to allow us
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koji nam omogućuju, koji se aktiviraju kako bi nam omogućili
06:29
to navigate the journey through these challenges. Okay?
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upravljanje našim putovanjima kroz te izazove. OK?
06:36
Case in point: I came up here
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Poanta ovoga: Došao sam ovdje
06:40
and -- (Clicking) -- they wouldn't tell me
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i -- (Pucketanje) -- nisu mi željeli reći
06:47
where the lectern was.
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gdje se nalazi pult.
06:50
So you can't trust those TED folks.
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Dakle, ne možete vjerovati tim TED ljudima.
06:54
"Find it yourself," they said.
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˝Pronađi sam˝, rekli su,
06:56
So -- (Laughter)
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Dakle -- (Smijeh)
07:01
And the feedback for the P.A. system is no help at all.
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I povratna informacija od sustava najava nije uopće od pomoći.
07:04
So now I present to you a challenge.
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Sada vam predstavljam izazov.
07:07
So if you'd all close your eyes for just a moment, okay?
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Možete li svi zatvoriti oči na trenutak, OK?
07:11
And you're going to learn a bit of flash sonar.
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Naučit ćete nešto o bljeskovnom sonaru.
07:15
I'm going to make a sound.
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Proizvest ću zvuk.
07:17
I'm going to hold this panel in front of me, but I'm not going to move it.
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Držat ću ovu ploču ispred sebe, ali ju neću pomaknuti.
07:20
Just listen to the sound for a moment.
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Slušajte zvuk na trenutak.
07:25
Shhhhhhhhhh.
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Ššššššššššššš.
07:31
Okay, nothing very interesting.
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OK, ništa zanimljivo.
07:33
Now, listen to what happens to that same exact sound
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Sada, slušajte što se dogodi s istim zvukom
07:36
when I move the panel.
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kada pomaknem ploču.
07:39
Shhhhhhhhhhh. (Pitch getting higher and lower)
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Ššššššššššš. (Visina tona postaje viša i niža)
07:50
You do not know the power of the dark side.
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Ne znate moć tamne strane.
07:53
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
07:55
I couldn't resist.
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Nisam mogao odoljeti.
07:59
Okay, now keep your eyes closed
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OK, sada nastavite žmiriti
08:02
because, did you hear the difference?
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jer, jeste li čuli razliku?
08:04
Okay. Now, let's be sure.
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OK. Sada, idemo biti sigurni.
08:07
For your challenge,
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Kao vaš izazov,
08:09
you tell me, just say "now" when you hear the panel start to move.
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recite mi, samo recite ˝sada˝ kada čujete da se ploča počinje micati.
08:14
Okay? We'll relax into this.
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OK? Krenut ćemo polako u ovo.
08:20
Shhhhhhh.
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Ššššššš.
08:23
Audience: Now. Daniel Kish: Good. Excellent.
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Publika: Sada. Daniel Kish: Dobro. Odlično.
08:25
Open your eyes.
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Otvorite oči.
08:27
All right. So just a few centimeters,
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U redu. Dakle svega par centimetara
08:31
you would notice the difference.
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i uočili ste razliku.
08:34
You've experienced sonar.
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Iskusili ste sonar.
08:37
You'd all make great blind people. (Laughter)
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Svi biste bili odlični slijepci. (Smijeh)
08:40
Let's have a look at what can happen
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Pogledajmo što se može dogoditi
08:43
when this activation process
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kada se ovom aktivacijskom procesu
08:46
is given some time and attention.
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da malo vremena i pozornosti.
08:51
(Video) Juan Ruiz: It's like you guys can see with your eyes
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(Video) Juan Ruiz: Ovo je kao što vi ljudi možete vidjeti s vašim očima,
08:54
and we can see with our ears.
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a mi možemo vidjeti s našim ušima.
08:57
Brian Bushway: It's not a matter of enjoying it more or less,
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Brian Bushway: Nije stvar u uživanju u tome više ili manje,
09:00
it's about enjoying it differently.
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već je stvar u uživanju u tome na različit način.
09:03
Shawn Marsolais: It goes across. DK: Yeah.
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Shawn Marsolais: Ide ravno. DK: Da.
09:06
SM: And then it's gradually coming back down again.
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SM: I onda se postupno ponovno spušta dolje.
09:10
DK: Yes! SM: That's amazing.
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DK: Da! SM: Ovo je zapanjujuće.
09:11
I can, like, see the car. Holy mother!
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Kao da mogu vidjeti auto. Sveta majko!
09:21
J. Louchart: I love being blind.
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J. Louchart: Volim biti slijep.
09:24
If I had the opportunity, honestly, I wouldn't go back to being sighted.
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Kada bih imao priliku, iskreno, ne bih opet imao vid.
09:27
JR: The bigger the goal, the more obstacles you'll face,
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JR: Što je veći cilj, što ćete se s više prepreka suočiti,
09:31
and on the other side of that goal
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i s druge strane tog cilja
09:33
is victory.
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je pobjeda.
09:35
[In Italian]
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[Na talijanskom]
09:40
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:50
DK: Now, do these people look terrified?
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DK: Sada, izgledaju li ovi ljudi prestrašeno?
09:54
Not so much.
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Ne baš.
09:56
We have delivered activation training
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Dostavili smo aktivacijski trening
09:58
to tens of thousands of blind and sighted people from all backgrounds
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desecima tisuća slijepih ljudi i onima koji vide iz svih područja
10:02
in nearly 40 countries.
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u gotovo 40 zemalja.
10:04
When blind people learn to see,
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Kada slijepi uče vidjeti,
10:09
sighted people seem inspired
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oni koji vide se osjećaju nadahnuto
10:12
to want to learn to see their way better, more clearly, with less fear,
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naučiti vidjeti bolje, jasnije, s manje straha,
10:18
because this exemplifies the immense capacity within us all
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jer ovo služi kao primjer neizmjerne sposobnosti u svim nama
10:24
to navigate any type of challenge, through any form of darkness,
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za navigiranje kroz bilo koji tip izazova, kroz bilo koji oblik mraka,
10:31
to discoveries unimagined
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do nazamislivih otkrića
10:34
when we are activated.
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kada smo aktivirani.
10:39
I wish you all a most activating journey.
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Želim vam svima najaktiviranije putovanje.
10:45
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
10:47
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
10:55
Chris Anderson: Daniel, my friend.
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Chris Anderson: Daniel, prijatelju.
10:58
As I know you can see, it's a spectacular standing ovation at TED.
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Kao što znam, možeš vidjeti, ovo je spektakularna ovacija na TED-u.
11:03
Thank you for an extraordinary talk.
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Hvala ti na nevjerojatnom govoru.
11:06
Just one more question about your world, your inner world that you construct.
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Samo još jedno pitanje o tvom svijetu, tvom unutarnjem svijetu kojeg gradiš.
11:11
We think that we have things in our world that you as a blind person don't have,
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Smatramo da imamo stvari u našem svijetu koje ti kao slijepac nemaš,
11:17
but what's your world like?
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no kako izgleda tvoj svijet?
11:18
What do you have that we don't have?
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Što ti to imaš, a mi nemamo?
11:21
DK: Three hundred and sixty-degree view,
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DK: Pogled od tristo šezdeset stupnjeva,
11:24
so my sonar works about as well behind me as it does in front of me.
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dakle moj sonar funkcionira jednako dobro iza mene, kao i ispred mene.
11:28
It works around corners.
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Funkcionira iza uglova.
11:30
It works through surfaces.
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Funkcionira preko podloga.
11:34
Generally, it's kind of a fuzzy three-dimensional geometry.
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Općenito, to je neka vrsta nejasne trodimenzijske geometrije.
11:39
One of my students, who has now become an instructor,
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Jedan od mojih učenika, koji je sada postao trener,
11:43
when he lost his vision, after a few months
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kada je izgubio vid, nakon par mjeseci
11:46
he was sitting in his three story house
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dok je sjedio u svojoj trokatnici
11:48
and he realized that he could hear everything going on throughout the house:
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shvatio je da može čuti sve što se događa širom kuće:
11:52
conversations, people in the kitchen, people in the bathroom,
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razgovore, ljude u kuhinji, ljude u kupaonici,
11:56
several floors away, several walls away.
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nekoliko katova udaljene, nekoliko zidova udaljene.
11:59
He said it was something like having x-ray vision.
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Rekao je da je to poput gledanja uz pomoć X-zraka.
12:02
CA: What do you picture that you're in right now?
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CA: Kako zamišljaš prostor u kojem se trenutno nalaziš?
12:06
How do you picture this theater?
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Kako zamišljaš ovaj teatar?
12:09
DK: Lots of loudspeakers, quite frankly.
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DK: Puno zvučnika, očito.
12:16
It's interesting. When people make a sound,
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Zanimljivo je to. Kada se ljudi glasaju,
12:20
when they laugh, when they fidget, when they take a drink or blow their nose
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dok se smiju, vrpolje se, dok piju ili ispuhuju nos
12:25
or whatever, I hear everything.
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ili što god, sve čujem.
12:28
I hear every little movement that every single person makes.
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Čujem i najmanji pokret koji svaki pojedinac napravi.
12:31
None of it really escapes my attention,
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Ništa od toga ne uzmakne mojoj pažnji,
12:34
and then, from a sonar perspective,
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i onda iz perspektive sonara,
12:36
the size of the room, the curvature of the audience around the stage,
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veličina prostorije, zakrivljenost publike oko pozornice,
12:42
it's the height of the room.
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visina prostorije.
12:45
Like I say, it's all that kind of three-dimensional surface geometry
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Kao što sam rekao, sve je to neka vrsta trodimenzionalne geometrije
12:49
all around me.
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svugdje oko mene.
12:50
CA: Well, Daniel, you have done a spectacular job
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CA: Pa, Daniel, učinio si nevjerojatan posao
12:52
of helping us all see the world in a different way.
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pomažući nam svima vidjeti svijet na drugi način.
12:55
Thanks so much for that, truly. DK: Thank you.
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Hvala ti puno na tome, uistinu. DK: Hvala tebi.
12:57
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
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