Shaffi Mather: A new way to fight corruption

翻译人员: Chaoran Yu 校对人员: Zachary Lin Zhao

The anger in me against corruption

腐败对于我的触动

made me to make a big career change

使我于去年经历了一场

last year, becoming a full-time practicing lawyer.

巨大的职场变动，我成为了一名专职执业律师。

My experiences over the last 18 months,

自过去的18个月以来，我作为一名律师的

as a lawyer, has seeded in me

经历使一种新型创业想法

a new entrepreneurial idea,

深深植入我心，

which I believe is indeed

我相信这的确是

worth spreading.

值得传播的。

So, I share it with all of you here today,

因此我想将此想法与你们一同分享，

though the idea itself is getting crystallized

即使此想法已具体成形

and I'm still writing up the business plan.

但我仍力图使之精益求精。

Of course it helps that fear of public failure

当新的想法不断涌现时，

diminishes as the number of ideas

它们会减弱公众对之前的失败

which have failed increases.

而引出的负面印象。

I've been a huge fan of enterprise and entrepreneurship

自从1993年以来，我已

since 1993.

成为企业及企业家精神的俘虏。

I've explored, experienced,

我曾用心体验、经历

and experimented enterprise

以及试验企业和资本主义

and capitalism to my heart's content.

是怎么样的。

I built, along with my two brothers,

我伙同我的两位兄弟

the leading real estate company in my home state, Kerala,

一并于喀拉拉邦，我的家乡，创建了领头的房地产公司。

and then worked professionally

紧接着和两位印度最成功的

with two of India's biggest businessmen,

商人一起工作，

but in their startup enterprises.

不过只是在他们的新兴企业中工作。

In 2003, when I stepped out of the pure play capitalistic sector

于2003年，我步出了纯粹的资本主义市场

to work on so-called social sector issues,

然后我迈进了所谓的社会问题领域，

I definitely did not have any grand strategy

我的确没有任何雄心壮志

or plan to pursue and find

也无志于寻找

for-profit solutions

营利性解决方案

to addressing pressing public issues.

以处理紧迫的社会问题。

When life brought about a series

当命运和你开了

of death and near-death experiences

一系列的生死

within my close circle,

玩笑时，

which highlighted the need

我意识到

for an emergency medical response service in India,

印度需要紧急医疗事故处理服务，

similar to 911 in USA.

就如美国911时所作出的反应。

To address this, I, along with four friends,

为了解决此问题，我和我的四位朋友，

founded Ambulance Access for All,

一起创建了 Ambulance Access for All，

to promote life-support ambulance services in India.

以促进印度的生命援助救护车服务。

For those from the developing world,

那些从发展中国家来的人，

there is nothing, absolutely nothing new in this idea.

此设想对于你们来说，是毫不出奇的。

But as we envisioned it,

不过当我们为止展望时，

we had three key goals:

我们得出了三个主要目标：

Providing world-class life support ambulance service

提供世界级的救护车服务

which is fully self-sustainable from its own revenue streams,

并且要是自给自足的，

and universally accessible

以及是随处可及的，

to anyone in a medical emergency,

向所有有需要的人提供服务，

irrespective of the capability to pay.

还有不论价钱。

The service which grew out of this,

此项服务正是基于此三个目标而建立的，

Dial 1298 for Ambulance,

Dial 1298 for Ambulance(组织)，

with one ambulance in 2004,

于2004年时只有一辆救护车，

now has a hundred-plus ambulances in three states,

岂知现在已有逾百辆救护车分布于三个邦，

and has transported over 100,000 patients

而且我们至今已输送

and victims since inception.

逾十万名伤患至医院。

The service is -- (Applause)

此服务是— (鼓掌)

fully self-sustainable from its own revenues,

自给自足的，

without accessing any public funds,

不需要任何公共资金的援助

and the cross-subsidy model actually works,

而且这中交叉补贴模式的确有效，

where the rich pays higher, poor pays lower,

富人支付更多的钱而穷人则少付，

and the accident victim is getting the service free of charge.

事故的受害者们则完全免费。

The service responded effectively

此项服务于11/26

and efficiently,

孟买恐怖袭击时

during the unfortunate

作出了有效而

26/11 Mumbai terror attacks.

迅速的反应。

And as you can see from the visuals,

正如你们从视频中得知，

the service was responding and rescuing

这项服务于警察封锁现场前

victims from the incident locations

就到达了酒店处

even before the police could cordon off

并且当即救助于事故中

the incident locations

受伤的受害者们，

and formally confirm it as a terror strike.

警察随后就确认此次袭击为恐怖袭击。

We ended up being the first medical response team

我们是于此次袭击中是

in every incident location

第一个反应过来的医疗团队

and transported 125 victims,

并且输送了125名受害者至医院

saving life.

以使他们存活下来。

(Applause)

(鼓掌)

In tribute and remembrance

为了悼念和回忆

of 26/11 attacks

去年的11/26

over the last one year,

恐怖袭击事件，

we have actually helped a Pakistani NGO,

我们携手一所巴基斯坦非政府组织，

Aman Foundation,

Aman Foundation，

to set up a self-sustainable life support ambulance service

一同于卡拉奇创建了一自给自足的救护车服务企业，

in Karachi, facilitated by Acumen Fund.

同时 Acumen Fund 也向我们伸出援助之手。

(Applause)

(鼓掌)

It's a small message from us,

我只想用我们微薄的力量

in our own small way

来传递一小小的信息

to the enemies of humanity,

至那些泯灭人性

of Islam, of South Asia,

与伊斯兰、南亚、

of India, and of Pakistan,

印度和巴基斯坦为敌的人，

that humanity will continue to bloom,

人道主义不会因这些卑劣的手段

irrespective of such dastardly attacks.

而停止发光发热。

Since then I've also co-founded two other social enterprises.

自那时起，我和他们合作创办了另两个社会企业。

One is Education Access for All,

一是 Education Access for All ，

setting up schools in small-town India.

是为了于印度的边缘村镇广设学校。

And the other is Moksha-Yug Access,

另一是 Moksha-Yug Access，

which is integrating rural supply chain

以自助团体组成的小额信贷公司为基础

on the foundations of self-help group-based microfinance.

来整合乡村的供给链。

I guess we seem to be doing at least a few things right.

我想我们至少做对了几件事。

Because diligent investors and venture funds

因为勤勉的投资人和创投资金

have committed over 7.5 million dollars in funding.

已向我们挹注了逾750万元美金。

With the significance being these funds have come in

最重要的是，这些资金都是合格交易的

as a QT capital, not as grant or as philanthropy.

而非慈善捐赠。

Now I come back to the idea of the new social enterprise

回到我目前正在探索的新型

that I'm exploring.

社会企业。

Corruption, bribes, and lack of transparency.

腐败，贿赂以及透明度缺失。

You may be surprised to know

你或许会惊讶于

that eight speakers yesterday

昨天已有八位演讲者

actually mentioned these terms in their talks.

于他们的演讲中提及这些词语。

Bribes and corruption have both a demand and a supply side,

贿赂和腐败是供求的双方。

with the supply side being mostly of

供给的一方常常是

greedy corporate unethical businesses

贪婪而又不道德的企业

and hapless common man.

以及不幸的普通人。

And the demand side being mostly politicians,

需求的一方则通常是政客、

bureaucrats and those who have discretionary power

官僚以及那些拥有

vested with them.

实权的人。

According to World Bank estimate,

根据世界银行的估算，

one trillion dollars is paid in bribes

每年都会有一万亿元美金

every year, worsening the condition

被用于贿赂，

of the already worse off.

这无疑是火上浇油。

Yet, if you analyze the common man,

假如你对一普通人进行分析，

he or she does not wake up every day and say,

他或她并不会每天早起

"Hmm, let me see who I can pay a bribe to today."

并说：“嗯嗯，让我看看，我今天应向谁行贿呢。”

or, "Let me see who I can corrupt today."

或说：“看看我可以使谁变得堕落呢。”

Often it is the constraining or the back-to-the-wall situation

这经常是一种不得不面对的情形，

that the hapless common man finds himself or herself in

那些不幸的普通人们是在为

that leads him to pay a bribe.

行贿提供金钱来源。

In the modern day world, where time is premium

在现今世界中，时间是珍贵的，

and battle for subsistence is unimaginably tough,

同时为生存之战是异常残酷的，

the hapless common man

一位不幸的普通人

simply gives in and pays the bribe just to get on with life.

只能无奈地支付了这笔赃款以乞求存。

Now, let me ask you another question.

现在，让我问你另一个问题。

Imagine you are being asked to pay a bribe

想象一下你被要求支付一笔贿赂

in your day-to-day life to get something done.

以使你每天能做成一些事。

What do you do? Of course you can call the police.

你会怎么做？当然，你可以马上报警。

But what is the use if the police department is in itself steeped in corruption?

若连警察部门也踏入这潭深水时怎么办？

Most definitely you don't want to pay the bribe.

你理所当然地不想支付这笔赃款。

But you also don't have the time, resources,

但你没有任何资源

expertise or wherewithal to fight this.

或武器使你与之斗争。

Unfortunately, many of us in this room

在此大厅里的很多人，

are supporters of capitalist policies and market forces.

很不幸的都是资本主义政策和市场力量的支持者。

Yet the market forces around the world

如今的市场力量

have not yet thrown up a service where you can call in,

尚未足以抛出这样一项服务，

pay a fee, and fight the demand for a bribe.

你可以打电话向他们捐赠金钱然后并要求与腐败做斗争。

Like a bribe buster service,

就如同行贿克星服务，

or 1-800-Fight-Bribes,

或是 1-800-反对-行贿 ，

or www.stopbribes.org or

或是 www.终结行贿.org 或是

www.preventcorruption.org.

www.防止腐败.org 。

Such a service simply do not exist.

此类服务还不存于世。

One image that has haunted me

我曾被一梦魇侵扰，

from my early business days

梦中常常闪现一位老人，

is of a grandmother, 70 plus years, being harassed

已逾古稀之年，经常被当地的

by the bureaucrats in the town planning office.

城市规划办公室的官僚们骚扰。

All she needed was permission to build three steps

她仅需的是一项许可，

to her house, from ground level,

许可她于她家门前建三级台阶，

making it easier for her to enter and exit her house.

这可以使她更易于进出屋子。

Yet the officer in charge would not simply give her the permit

偏偏那位官员不愿给予此项许可

for want of a bribe.

假如老太不向他行贿。

Even though it pricked my conscience then,

即使这是被良心谴责的，

I could not, or rather I did not

我不能，或说

tend to her or assist her,

我不愿去帮助她，

because I was busy building my real estate company.

因为我在忙于建设我自己的房地产公司。

I don't want to be haunted by such images any more.

我不想再被此类梦魇侵扰。

A group of us have been working on a pilot basis

我们中的一组曾经组建一试验性的组织

to address individual instances of demands

来解决个体为需求公共服务或是

for bribes for common services or entitlement.

授权而进行行贿的问题。

And in all 42 cases where we have pushed back such demands

于42个案例中

using existing and legitimate tools

我们都是通过现存的合法工具

like the Right to Information Act,

如知情权等，

video, audio, or peer pressure,

来解决此类问题。

we have successfully obtained whatever our clients

我们已成功为我们的委托人

set out to achieve without actually paying a bribe.

达到他们的目的，且不用行贿。

And with the cost of these tools being substantially lower

使用这些工具的费用

than the bribe demanded.

是大大低于行贿所需的款项。

I believe that these tools that worked in these 42 pilot cases

我深信这些工具可以

can be consolidated in standard processes

进一步于一种外包型环境中

in a BPO kind of environment,

进行加强，

and made available on web, call-center

并且使之存于网络上、呼叫中心

and franchise physical offices,

及特许经营办事处中，

for a fee, to serve anyone confronted with a demand for a bribe.

是收费的，以为任何有需要的人进行服务。

The target market is as tempting as it can get.

目标市场是诱人的。

It can be worth up to one trillion dollars,

每年都有一万亿美元

being paid in bribes every year,

被用于行贿，

or equal to India's GDP.

这等同于印度的国内生产总值。

And it is an absolutely virgin market.

而且这是一绝对新生的市场。

I propose to explore this idea further,

我建议继续深挖此设想，

to examine the potential of creating

从而来检验创建这项服务的潜力，

a for-profit, fee-based BPO

这项营利收费的外包服务，

kind of service to stop bribes

它可以阻止行贿

and prevent corruption.

和防止腐败。

I do realize that the fight for justice

我当然意识到

against corruption is never easy.

为正义而战是永远艰涩的。

It never has been and it never will be.

它永远不会是以简单的过程。

In my last 18 months as a lawyer,

于过去的18个月里，作为一名律师，

battling small- and large-scale corruption,

我与形形色色的腐败做过斗争，

including the one perpetrated by India's biggest corporate scamster.

包括由印度最大的公司所犯下的贿赂。

Through his charities

由于他们的“善意”，

I have had three police cases filed against me

我于警察部门有所交集，

alleging trespass, impersonation and intimidation.

我被指称非法侵入，扮演和恫吓。

The battle against corruption

与腐败的斗争

exacts a toll on ourselves,

是要我们自己付出代价的，

our families, our friends, and even our kids.

包括我们的家庭、朋友，甚至是孩子们。

Yet I believe the price we pay is well worth holding on

但我认为我们所付出的代价

to our dignity and making the world a fairer place.

是值得的，是建设一更加美好的世界。

What gives us the courage?

什么给予了我这项勇气？

As my close friend replied, when told

正如我密友所回复

during the seeding days of the ambulance project

当那还是萌芽之时，

that it is an impossible task

这是不可能的任务，

and the founders are insane to chalk up their blue-chip jobs,

而创建者们都是疯子，因为他们放弃了他们明亮的前途。

I quote: "Of course we cannot fail in this,

我回复到：“我们当然不能放弃，

at least in our own minds.

至少不能于意识中放弃。

For we are insane people,

因为我们是一群疯子，

trying to do an impossible task.

尝试去完成一项不可能的任务。

And an insane person does not know what an impossible task is." Thank you.

偏偏一位疯子是全无顾忌的。” 谢谢。

(Applause)

(掌声)

Chris Anderson: Shaffi, that is a really exciting business idea.

克里斯•安德森：夏菲，这个计划让人兴奋异常。

Shaffi Mather: I just have to get through the initial days where I don't get eliminated.

夏菲：万事开头难，希望不要一开业就马上结业了。

(Laughter)

(笑声)

CA: What's on your mind?

安德森：你现在有什么想法么？

I mean, give us a sense of the numbers here --

我是说，可不可以给我们一些更直观的景象，如数字等。

a typical bribe and a typical fee. I mean, what's in your head?

譬如说，你们一般得贿赂多少钱以及得收多少钱？

SM: So let me ... Let me give you an example.

夏菲：让我举个例子吧。

Somebody who had applied for the passport.

某人前去申办护照。

The officer was just sitting on it

工作人员两手一摊

and was demanding around 3,000 rupees in bribes.

向你索要三千卢比的贿金。

And he did not want to pay.

但某人不愿付这笔冤枉钱。

So we actually used the Right to Information Act,

因此我们就得用《资讯权利法》，

which is equal to the Freedom of Information Act in the United States,

颇似美国的《资讯自由法》，

and pushed back the officers in this particular case.

只有这样才能迫使办事人员让步。

And in all these 42 cases,

共42个案例中，

when we kept pushing them back,

我们的反制行动

there was three kinds of reaction.

通常会遭遇三种反应。

A set of people actually say,

有些人会说：

"Oh, let me just grant it to them, and run away from it."

“哦，他们要什么就给他们吧，我才不想惹火上身。”

Some people actually come back and say,

有些则会反过来对我们说：

"Oh, you want to screw me. Let me show you what I can do."

“哦，你要找麻烦是吧？你知道啥叫厕所里点灯吧。”

And he will push us back.

然后则做出反击。

So you take the next step, or use the next tool available

这时我们得采取下一步，

in what we are putting together,

或用其他我们想得到的办法，

and then he relents.

接着对方就会让步。

By the third time, in all 42 cases, we have achieved success.

每个案子最多不超过三次就完成了。

CA: But if it's a 3,000-rupee, 70-dollar bribe,

安德森：假如贿金是三千卢比，也就是七十美元，

what fee would you have to charge,

你们的受理费大概是多少？

and can you actually make the business work?

这门生意做得起来么？

SM: Well, actually the cost that we incurred

夏菲：好吧，我们的收费

was less than 200 rupees.

是低于两百卢比。

So, it actually works.

因此，这的确行得通。

CA: That's a high gross margin business. I like it.

安德森：利润真高啊。我喜欢！

(Laughter)

(笑声)

SM: I actually did not want to answer this on the TED stage.

夏菲：我本来没打算在TED舞台上提的。

CA: OK, so these are provisional numbers, no pricing guarantee.

安德森：好吧，这些都是预估的数字，实际可有差异啊。

If you can pull this off, you will be a global hero.

假设你成功了，你将是全世界的英雄啊。

I mean, this could be huge.

这相当了不起。

Thank you so much for sharing this idea at TED.

非常感谢你在TED上与我们一同分享这项计划。

(Applause)

(掌声)