Shaffi Mather: A new way to fight corruption

96,392 views ใƒป 2009-12-21

TED


์•„๋ž˜ ์˜๋ฌธ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ”ํด๋ฆญํ•˜์‹œ๋ฉด ์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

๋ฒˆ์—ญ: Jimin Lee ๊ฒ€ํ† : InHyuk Song
00:15
The anger in me against corruption
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์ œ ์•ˆ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ถ€์ •๋ถ€ํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„๋…ธ๋Š”
00:19
made me to make a big career change
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์ง€๋‚œํ•ด ์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐœ์—… ๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
00:22
last year, becoming a full-time practicing lawyer.
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๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•œ ํฐ ๊ฒฝ๋ ฅ ๋ณ€ํ™”๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:26
My experiences over the last 18 months,
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์ง€๋‚œ 18๊ฐœ์›”์ด ๋„˜๋Š” ๋™์•ˆ์˜
00:30
as a lawyer, has seeded in me
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ œ ๊ฒฝํ—˜์€
00:32
a new entrepreneurial idea,
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ํผํŠธ๋ฆด๋งŒํ•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ๋Š”
00:35
which I believe is indeed
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์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌ์—…์ ์ธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ
00:37
worth spreading.
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์ œ ์•ˆ์— ์‹ฌ์–ด๋‘์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:39
So, I share it with all of you here today,
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๊ทธ๋ž˜์„œ, ์•„์ง์€ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋‹ค๋“ฌ์–ด์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
00:42
though the idea itself is getting crystallized
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ์•„์ง ์‚ฌ์—… ๊ณ„ํš์„ ์ž‘์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” ์ค‘์ด์ง€๋งŒ
00:44
and I'm still writing up the business plan.
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์˜ค๋Š˜ ์—ฌ๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„๊ณผ ๊ทธ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ๊ณต์œ ํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
00:47
Of course it helps that fear of public failure
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์‹คํŒจํ•œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ๋Š˜์–ด๋‚ ์ˆ˜๋ก
00:50
diminishes as the number of ideas
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์‹คํŒจ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋Œ€์ค‘์˜ ๋‘๋ ค์›€๋„
00:53
which have failed increases.
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์ค„์–ด๋“ค๊ฒ ์ฃ .
00:57
I've been a huge fan of enterprise and entrepreneurship
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์ €๋Š” 1993๋…„ ์ด๋ž˜๋กœ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ๊ธฐ์—…ํ™œ๋™์˜ ์ปค๋‹ค๋ž€
01:00
since 1993.
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ํŒฌ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:02
I've explored, experienced,
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์ €๋Š” ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ ์ž๋ณธ์ฃผ์˜๋ฅผ
01:04
and experimented enterprise
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๋งˆ์Œ๊ป ํƒํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ 
01:06
and capitalism to my heart's content.
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๊ฒฝํ—˜ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹คํ—˜ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:09
I built, along with my two brothers,
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์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋‘ ํ˜•์ œ์™€ ํ•จ๊ป˜
01:11
the leading real estate company in my home state, Kerala,
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์ œ ๊ณ ํ–ฅ์ธ Kerala์— ์„ ๋‘์ ์ธ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:15
and then worked professionally
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋‹น์‹œ ์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ
01:17
with two of India's biggest businessmen,
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๋‘ ์‚ฌ์—…๊ณผ์™€ ์ „๋ฌธ์ ์œผ๋กœ ์ผ์„ ํ–ˆ์ง€๋งŒ
01:20
but in their startup enterprises.
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์‹œ์ž‘ ๋‹จ๊ณ„์— ๊ทธ์ณค์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:23
In 2003, when I stepped out of the pure play capitalistic sector
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2003๋…„, ์ผ๋ช… ์‚ฌํšŒ ์˜์—ญ ์ด์Šˆ๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ถˆ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ณณ๋“ค์—์„œ ์ผํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
01:28
to work on so-called social sector issues,
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์ˆœ์ˆ˜ํ•œ ์ž๋ณธ ์˜์—ญ์—์„œ ๋‚˜์™”์„ ๋•Œ,
01:32
I definitely did not have any grand strategy
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์ œ๊ฐ€ ๊ธด๊ธ‰ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ณต ์ด์Šˆ๋“ค์„ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ ํ• 
01:36
or plan to pursue and find
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์˜๋ฆฌ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์ฑ…์„
01:39
for-profit solutions
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์ถ”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์ฐพ์„
01:41
to addressing pressing public issues.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ „๋žต์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:44
When life brought about a series
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์ œ ์ฃผ์œ„์—์„œ
01:46
of death and near-death experiences
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์ผ๋ จ์˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์ด๋‚˜ ์ฃฝ์Œ์— ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์ผ๋“ค์ด
01:49
within my close circle,
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์ผ์–ด๋‚ฌ์„ ๋•Œ,
01:51
which highlighted the need
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๊ทธ ์ผ๋“ค์€
01:53
for an emergency medical response service in India,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ 911๊ณผ ๋น„์Šทํ•œ ์‘๊ธ‰ ์˜๋ฃŒ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๊ฐ€ ์ธ๋„์—๋„ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”
01:56
similar to 911 in USA.
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์‚ฌ์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ•์กฐํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
01:59
To address this, I, along with four friends,
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์ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ์ €๋Š” ์ œ ๋„ค ๋ช…์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜
02:02
founded Ambulance Access for All,
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์ธ๋„์—์„œ ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ตฌ์กฐ ๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ
02:04
to promote life-support ambulance services in India.
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Amulance Access for All์„ ์„ค๋ฆฝํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:08
For those from the developing world,
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์„ ์ง„๊ตญ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ๋Š”
02:10
there is nothing, absolutely nothing new in this idea.
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์ด ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๊ฐ€ ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šธ ๊ฒƒ์ด ์ „ํ˜€ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:13
But as we envisioned it,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋‚ด๋‹ค๋ดค์„ ๋•Œ,
02:15
we had three key goals:
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒ ์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ๋ชฉํ‘œ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:17
Providing world-class life support ambulance service
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์ž์ฒด์˜ ์ž๊ธˆ ํ๋ฆ„์œผ๋กœ ์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„ ๊ฒƒ,
02:20
which is fully self-sustainable from its own revenue streams,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ์ƒ๋ช… ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ๊ธ‰ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ์ œ๊ณตํ•  ๊ฒƒ,
02:23
and universally accessible
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๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋Šฅ๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด
02:25
to anyone in a medical emergency,
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์˜๋ฃŒ ์‘๊ธ‰ ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋“ ์ง€
02:28
irrespective of the capability to pay.
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์ด์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:31
The service which grew out of this,
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2004๋…„์— ํ•œ ๋Œ€์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ๋กœ ์‹œ์ž‘ํ•œ
02:33
Dial 1298 for Ambulance,
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"๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ ๋‹ค์ด์–ผ 1298"์€
02:35
with one ambulance in 2004,
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์ด๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„˜์–ด์„œ์„œ
02:38
now has a hundred-plus ambulances in three states,
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์ด์ œ๋Š” ์„ธ ๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฃผ์— ๋ฐฑ ๋Œ€ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ๊ณ ,
02:41
and has transported over 100,000 patients
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์‹œ์ž‘์ดํ›„๋กœ 100,000๋ช… ์ด์ƒ์˜ ํ™˜์ž์™€ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์„
02:44
and victims since inception.
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์ด์†กํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:46
The service is -- (Applause)
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์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” -- (๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
02:49
fully self-sustainable from its own revenues,
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์–ด๋–ค ๊ณต๊ณต ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ ์—†์ด๋„
02:52
without accessing any public funds,
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์™„๋ฒฝํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ž์‹ ์˜ ์ˆ˜์ž…๋งŒ์œผ๋กœ ์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
02:54
and the cross-subsidy model actually works,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ถ€์œ ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ๋งŽ์ด ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ , ๊ฐ€๋‚œํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์ ๊ฒŒ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ ,
02:58
where the rich pays higher, poor pays lower,
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์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋Š” ๋ฌด๋ฃŒ๋กœ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š”
03:01
and the accident victim is getting the service free of charge.
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์ƒํ˜ธ ๋ณด์กฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ์ด ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์ž‘๋™ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:05
The service responded effectively
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์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š”
03:07
and efficiently,
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•œ 26/11 ๋ญ„๋ฐ”์ด ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ๋™์•ˆ
03:09
during the unfortunate
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ํšจ๊ณผ์ ์ด๊ณ 
03:11
26/11 Mumbai terror attacks.
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ํšจ์œจ์ ์œผ๋กœ ๋Œ€์‘ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:14
And as you can see from the visuals,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด ๊ทธ๋ฆผ์—์„œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ๋ณผ ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋“ฏ์ด,
03:18
the service was responding and rescuing
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์ด ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์ด ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฅ์„
03:21
victims from the incident locations
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์ฐจ๋‹จํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณต์‹์ ์œผ๋กœ
03:24
even before the police could cordon off
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ํ…Œ๋Ÿฌ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์ด๋ผ๊ณ  ํ™•์ธ์„ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์ „์—๋„
03:27
the incident locations
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์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฅ์œผ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ
03:30
and formally confirm it as a terror strike.
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ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋“ค์— ๋Œ€์‘ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๊ตฌ์กฐํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:33
We ended up being the first medical response team
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ๋ชจ๋“  ์‚ฌ๊ณ  ํ˜„์žฅ์—์„œ
03:37
in every incident location
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์ฒซ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋Œ€์‘ ๊ตฌ์กฐ ํŒ€์ด ๋๊ณ ,
03:40
and transported 125 victims,
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125๋ช…์˜ ํฌ์ƒ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์†กํ–ˆ๊ณ ,
03:43
saving life.
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๋ชฉ์ˆจ์„ ๊ตฌํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
03:45
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
03:50
In tribute and remembrance
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์ง€๋‚œ ์ผ๋…„๊ฐ„
03:54
of 26/11 attacks
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26/11 ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์˜
03:58
over the last one year,
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์ถ”๋ชจ์™€ ๊ธฐ์–ต ์†์—,
04:01
we have actually helped a Pakistani NGO,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” Karachi์— Acumen Fund๊ฐ€ ๋•๊ณ ,
04:04
Aman Foundation,
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์Šค์Šค๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ
04:07
to set up a self-sustainable life support ambulance service
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์ƒ๋ช… ๊ตฌํ˜ธ ๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ ์„œ๋น„์Šค์ธ ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„ NGO, Aman ์žฌ๋‹จ์„
04:11
in Karachi, facilitated by Acumen Fund.
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์„ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ๋„์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:14
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
04:20
It's a small message from us,
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์–ด๋– ํ•œ ์•…๋ž„ํ•œ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์—๋„ ๊ด€๊ณ„์—†์ด
04:24
in our own small way
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์ธ๋ฅ˜๋Š” ๊ฝƒํ”ผ์›Œ ๋‚˜๊ฐˆ ๊ฒƒ์ด๋ผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด
04:26
to the enemies of humanity,
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์ธ๋ฅ˜์˜, ์ด์Šฌ๋žŒ์˜,
04:28
of Islam, of South Asia,
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๋‚จ์•„์‹œ์•„์˜, ํŒŒํ‚ค์Šคํƒ„์˜
04:31
of India, and of Pakistan,
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์ ๋“ค์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
04:34
that humanity will continue to bloom,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฐฉ์‹์œผ๋กœ ์ „ํ•˜๋Š”
04:37
irrespective of such dastardly attacks.
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋ฉ”์‹œ์ง€์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:39
Since then I've also co-founded two other social enterprises.
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๊ทธ ์ดํ›„๋กœ ์ €๋Š” ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ๋‘๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—…์„ ๊ณต๋™์œผ๋กœ ์„ธ์› ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:43
One is Education Access for All,
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ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์ธ๋„์˜ ์ž‘์€ ๋งˆ์„์— ํ•™๊ต๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š”
04:45
setting up schools in small-town India.
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Education Access for ALL ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:48
And the other is Moksha-Yug Access,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ํ•˜๋‚˜๋Š” ์†Œ์•ก๋Œ€์ถœ์— ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜ํ•œ
04:50
which is integrating rural supply chain
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์ž๋ฆฝ ๊ทธ๋ฃน ๋†์–ด์ดŒ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์ฒด์ธ์„
04:52
on the foundations of self-help group-based microfinance.
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ํ†ตํ•ฉํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” Moksha-Yug Access์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
04:57
I guess we seem to be doing at least a few things right.
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์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ช‡ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋Š” ์ œ๋Œ€๋กœ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:00
Because diligent investors and venture funds
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๊ทผ๋ฉดํ•œ ํˆฌ์ž๊ฐ€๋“ค๊ณผ ๋ฒค์ณ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๋“ค์ด
05:03
have committed over 7.5 million dollars in funding.
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750๋งŒ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ ์ด์ƒ์„ ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ์— ์•ฝ์†ํ–ˆ๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:07
With the significance being these funds have come in
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์ค‘์š”ํ•œ ์ ์€ ์ด ๊ธฐ๊ธˆ๋“ค์ด ๋ณด์กฐ๊ธˆ์ด๋‚˜ ์ž์„  ํ™œ๋™์ด ์•„๋‹Œ
05:09
as a QT capital, not as grant or as philanthropy.
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QT ์ž๊ธˆ์œผ๋กœ ๋“ค์–ด์™”๋‹ค๋Š” ์ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:13
Now I come back to the idea of the new social enterprise
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์ด์ œ ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์—ฐ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋Š” ์ƒˆ๋กœ์šด ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ๊ธฐ์—… ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋กœ
05:16
that I'm exploring.
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๋Œ์•„๊ฐ€๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:18
Corruption, bribes, and lack of transparency.
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๋ถ€ํŒจ, ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ํˆฌ๋ช…์„ฑ์˜ ๊ฒฐ์—ฌ.
05:21
You may be surprised to know
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์–ด์ œ ์—ฌ๋Ÿ๋ช…์˜ ์—ฐ์‚ฌ๊ฐ€
05:23
that eight speakers yesterday
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๊ทธ๋“ค์˜ ์—ฐ์„ค์—์„œ ์ด ๋‹จ์–ด๋“ค์„
05:26
actually mentioned these terms in their talks.
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์–ธ๊ธ‰ํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์•Œ๋ฉด ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋†€๋ž„์ง€๋„ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:29
Bribes and corruption have both a demand and a supply side,
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๋‡Œ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋Š” ์ˆ˜์š”์™€ ๊ณต๊ธ‰ ์–‘์ธก๋ฉด์„ ๋ชจ๋‘ ๊ฐ€์ง€๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:32
with the supply side being mostly of
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๊ณต๊ธ‰์ธก์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€
05:35
greedy corporate unethical businesses
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ํƒ์š•์Šค๋Ÿฝ๊ณ  ๋น„์œค๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๊ธฐ์—…๊ณผ
05:37
and hapless common man.
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๋ถˆ์šดํ•œ ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:39
And the demand side being mostly politicians,
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ˆ˜์š”์ธก์˜ ๋Œ€๋ถ€๋ถ„์€ ์ •์น˜์ธ,
05:42
bureaucrats and those who have discretionary power
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๊ด€๋ฃŒ, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ๋“ค๊ณผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ์ž์œ ์žฌ๋Ÿ‰์˜ ๊ถŒ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง„
05:44
vested with them.
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์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:46
According to World Bank estimate,
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์„ธ๊ณ„ ์€ํ–‰์˜ ์ถ”์ •์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด,
05:48
one trillion dollars is paid in bribes
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์ด๋ฏธ ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•œ ์ƒํ™ฉ์„
05:51
every year, worsening the condition
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๋” ์‹ฌ๊ฐํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋งŒ๋“ค๋ฉด์„œ, ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค
05:53
of the already worse off.
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1์กฐ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊ฐ€ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์— ์“ฐ์ด๊ณ  ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
05:55
Yet, if you analyze the common man,
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๋งŒ์•ฝ์— ์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์„ ๋ถ„์„ํ•ด ๋ณธ๋‹ค๋ฉด,
05:58
he or she does not wake up every day and say,
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๊ทธ๋“ค์€ ๋งค์ผ ์•„์นจ ์ผ์–ด๋‚˜๋ฉด์„œ
06:01
"Hmm, let me see who I can pay a bribe to today."
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"ํ , ์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌํ•œํ…Œ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค„์ง€ ๋ณผ๊นŒ."
06:04
or, "Let me see who I can corrupt today."
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๋‚ด์ง€, "์˜ค๋Š˜์€ ๋ˆ„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๋ถ€ํŒจํ•˜๊ฒŒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์„์ง€ ๋ณผ๊นŒ"๋ผ๊ณ  ๋ง์„ ํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:07
Often it is the constraining or the back-to-the-wall situation
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ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค„ ์ˆ˜ ๋ฐ–์— ์—†๋Š” ์ƒํ™ฉ์— ์ฒ˜ํ•œ
06:12
that the hapless common man finds himself or herself in
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์ž์‹ ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ฒฌํ–ˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๊ทธ ๋•Œ๋Š” ๋ณดํ†ต์€ ์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
06:15
that leads him to pay a bribe.
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๊ถ์ง€์— ๋ชฐ๋ฆฐ ์ƒํ™ฉ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:17
In the modern day world, where time is premium
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์‹œ๊ฐ„์ด ๋งค์šฐ ์ค‘์š”ํ•˜๊ณ , ์ƒ๊ณ„ ์œ ์ง€๊ฐ€
06:20
and battle for subsistence is unimaginably tough,
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์ƒ์ƒํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์—†์„ ์ •๋„๋กœ ํž˜๋“  ํ˜„๋Œ€ ์ƒํ™œ์—์„œ
06:23
the hapless common man
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์–ด์ฉ” ์ˆ˜ ์—†๋Š” ํ‰๋ฒ”ํ•œ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€
06:25
simply gives in and pays the bribe just to get on with life.
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๊ฐ„๋‹จํžˆ ํฌ๊ธฐํ•ด๋ฒ„๋ฆฌ๊ณ , ์ƒํ™œ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ์ค๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:30
Now, let me ask you another question.
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๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์„ ํ•ด๋ณด๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:32
Imagine you are being asked to pay a bribe
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์ด ์›ํ•˜๋Š” ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๊ฐ€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌ๋˜๊ฒŒ ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ
06:34
in your day-to-day life to get something done.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์˜ ์ผ์ƒ์—์„œ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ์š”๊ตฌ ๋ฐ›์•˜๋‹ค๊ณ  ์ƒ์ƒํ•ด๋ณด์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.
06:37
What do you do? Of course you can call the police.
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์–ด๋–ป๊ฒŒ ํ•˜์‹œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ? ๋ฌผ๋ก  ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ์„ ๋ถ€๋ฅผ ๊ฒƒ ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:40
But what is the use if the police department is in itself steeped in corruption?
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ฒฝ์ฐฐ ์ž์ฒด๊ฐ€ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์— ๊นŠ์ด ๋น ์ ธ์žˆ๋‹ค๋ฉด ๋ฌด์Šจ ์†Œ์šฉ์ด ์žˆ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
06:44
Most definitely you don't want to pay the bribe.
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์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:47
But you also don't have the time, resources,
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์—ฌ๋Ÿฌ๋ถ„์€ ์ด๊ฒƒ๋“ค๊ณผ ์‹ธ์šฐ๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œ๊ฐ„๋„, ์ž์›๋„,
06:50
expertise or wherewithal to fight this.
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์ „๋ฌธ์ง€์‹๋„, ์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋„ ์—†์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
06:53
Unfortunately, many of us in this room
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๋ถˆํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ๋„, ์ด ๋ฐฉ์— ์žˆ๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ค‘ ์ƒ๋‹น์ˆ˜๋Š”
06:57
are supporters of capitalist policies and market forces.
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์ž๋ณธ ์ •์ฑ…๊ณผ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํž˜์˜ ์ง€์ง€์ž๋“ค์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:01
Yet the market forces around the world
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„ ์‹œ์žฅ์˜ ํž˜์€ ์•„์ง
07:04
have not yet thrown up a service where you can call in,
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๋‡Œ๋ฌผ ์š”๊ตฌ์‹œ์— ์‹ ๊ณ ํ•˜๊ณ , ๋น„์šฉ์„ ์ง€๋ถˆํ•˜๊ณ , ์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š”
07:07
pay a fee, and fight the demand for a bribe.
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์„œ๋น„์Šค๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“ค์–ด ๋‚ด์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:10
Like a bribe buster service,
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๋‡Œ๋ฌผ ๋ฐฉ์ง€ ์„œ๋น„์Šค,
07:13
or 1-800-Fight-Bribes,
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๋˜๋Š” 1-800-Fight-Bribes,
07:15
or www.stopbribes.org or
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๋˜๋Š” www.stopbribes.org,
07:19
www.preventcorruption.org.
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๋˜๋Š” www.preventcorruption.org์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ๋“ค์„ ๋ง์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:22
Such a service simply do not exist.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋Š” ์กด์žฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:25
One image that has haunted me
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์ €์˜ ์ดˆ๊ธฐ ์‚ฌ์—… ์‹œ๊ธฐ์—
07:27
from my early business days
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์ œ ๋‡Œ๋ฆฌ์—์„œ ๊ณ„์†ํ•ด์„œ ๋– ์ง€ ์•Š๋˜ ํ•œ๊ฐ€์ง€ ๊ธฐ์–ต์€
07:29
is of a grandmother, 70 plus years, being harassed
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๋งˆ์„ ๊ณ„ํš ๋ถ€์„œ์˜ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ๊ดด๋กญํž˜์„ ๋‹นํ•˜๋˜
07:32
by the bureaucrats in the town planning office.
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70์„ธ๊ฐ€ ๋„˜๋Š” ํ• ๋จธ๋‹ˆ์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:35
All she needed was permission to build three steps
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๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ์›ํ•œ ์ „๋ถ€๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์ด ์ง‘์— ๋“œ๋‚˜๋“ค๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋„๋ก ํ•ด ์ค„,
07:37
to her house, from ground level,
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๋•…์—์„œ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ง‘์œผ๋กœ
07:39
making it easier for her to enter and exit her house.
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๊ณ„๋‹จ ์„ธ ๊ฐœ๋ฅผ ์„ค์น˜ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:42
Yet the officer in charge would not simply give her the permit
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ฑ…์ž„์ง์— ์žˆ๋˜ ๊ด€๋ฃŒ๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๋ฉด์„œ ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์—๊ฒŒ
07:45
for want of a bribe.
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ํ—ˆ๊ฐ€๋ฅผ ๋‚ด์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:47
Even though it pricked my conscience then,
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์ œ ์–‘์‹ฌ์„ ๊ดด๋กญํ˜”์Œ์—๋„ ๋ถˆ๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ ,
07:49
I could not, or rather I did not
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์ €๋Š” ๊ทธ ๋ถ„์„ ๋ณด์‚ดํ”ผ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜
07:51
tend to her or assist her,
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๋•์ง€ ๋ชปํ–ˆ๊ฑฐ๋‚˜ ์–ด์ฉŒ๋ฉด ๋•์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:54
because I was busy building my real estate company.
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์ œ ๋ถ€๋™์‚ฐ ํšŒ์‚ฌ๋ฅผ ์„ธ์šฐ๋Š๋ผ ๋ฐ”๋นด๊ธฐ ๋•Œ๋ฌธ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
07:56
I don't want to be haunted by such images any more.
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๋”์ด์ƒ ๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ๊ธฐ์–ต๋“ค์— ์‚ฌ๋กœ์žกํ˜€ ์žˆ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:00
A group of us have been working on a pilot basis
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์ €ํฌ ๊ทธ๋ฃน์€ ๊ณต๊ณต ์„œ๋น„์Šค๋‚˜ ์ž๊ฒฉ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฐœ๊ฐœ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
08:02
to address individual instances of demands
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ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ ์‹œํ—˜์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด๋“ค์„
08:05
for bribes for common services or entitlement.
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์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•ด์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:08
And in all 42 cases where we have pushed back such demands
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์ •๋ณด๋ฒ•๋ฅ , ๋น„๋””์˜ค, ์˜ค๋””์˜ค, ์‚ฌํšŒ์  ์••๋ ฅ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์€
08:11
using existing and legitimate tools
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์ด๋ฏธ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๊ณ , ๋˜ ํ•ฉ๋ฒ•์ ์ธ
08:14
like the Right to Information Act,
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์ˆ˜๋‹จ๋“ค์„ ์ด์šฉํ•ด์„œ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฅผ
08:16
video, audio, or peer pressure,
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์นœ 42๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๊ฑด์—์„œ,
08:19
we have successfully obtained whatever our clients
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ๊ณ ๊ฐ์ด
08:21
set out to achieve without actually paying a bribe.
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๋‹ฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ณ ์ž ํ•˜๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์–ป์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:25
And with the cost of these tools being substantially lower
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๋Ÿฐ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์˜ ๋น„์šฉ์€ ์š”๊ตฌ๋ฐ›์€ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ๋ณด๋‹ค
08:28
than the bribe demanded.
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ํ˜„์ €ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ๋‚ฎ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:30
I believe that these tools that worked in these 42 pilot cases
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์ €๋Š” ์ด 42๊ฐœ์˜ ์‹คํ—˜์ ์ธ ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์—์„œ ์ž˜ ์ž‘๋™ํ•œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋“ค์ด
08:35
can be consolidated in standard processes
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BPO ํ™˜๊ฒฝ์˜ ํ‘œ์ค€ ํ”„๋กœ์„ธ์Šค์—
08:39
in a BPO kind of environment,
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์ž˜ ํ†ตํ•ฉ๋  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๊ณ ,
08:42
and made available on web, call-center
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๋‡Œ๋ฌผ ์š”๊ตฌ์— ์ง๋ฉดํ•œ ๋ชจ๋‘๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ
08:45
and franchise physical offices,
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์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์›น, ์ฝœ์„ผํ„ฐ,
08:47
for a fee, to serve anyone confronted with a demand for a bribe.
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๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ์‚ฌ๋ฌด์‹ค๋“ค์„ ๊ฐœ์„ค ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:52
The target market is as tempting as it can get.
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๋Œ€์ƒ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ๊ทธ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅ์„ฑ๋งŒํผ ๋งค๋ ฅ์ด ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
08:55
It can be worth up to one trillion dollars,
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๊ทธ ์‹œ์žฅ์€ ํ•ด๋งˆ๋‹ค ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ๋กœ ์“ฐ์ด๋Š” ์•ก์ˆ˜,
08:58
being paid in bribes every year,
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๋˜๋Š” ์ธ๋„ GDP์™€ ๊ฐ™์€
09:00
or equal to India's GDP.
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์ผ์กฐ ๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ๊นŒ์ง€ ์„ฑ์žฅํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:03
And it is an absolutely virgin market.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์ด๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถ„๋ช…ํ•œ ์ฒ˜๋…€ ์‹œ์žฅ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:06
I propose to explore this idea further,
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์ €๋Š” ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ๋ง‰๊ณ  ๋ถ€ํŒจ๋ฅผ ๋ง‰๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•œ
09:09
to examine the potential of creating
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์˜๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•œ, ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ˜์˜
09:11
a for-profit, fee-based BPO
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BPO๋ฅผ ๋งŒ๋“œ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„
09:15
kind of service to stop bribes
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๋”์šฑ ๊นŠ์ด์žˆ๊ฒŒ
09:17
and prevent corruption.
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์—ฐ๊ตฌ ํ•ด ๋ณผ ๊ฒƒ์„ ์ œ์•ˆํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:19
I do realize that the fight for justice
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์ €๋Š” ๋ถ€ํŒจ์— ๋งž์„œ์„œ ์ •์˜๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด
09:22
against corruption is never easy.
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์‹ธ์šฐ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์ด ๊ฒฐ์ฝ” ์‰ฝ์ง€ ์•Š๋‹ค๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์„ ์••๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:25
It never has been and it never will be.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฐ ์ ๋„ ์—†๊ณ , ๊ทธ๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋˜์ง€๋„ ์•Š์„ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:27
In my last 18 months as a lawyer,
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๋ณ€ํ˜ธ์‚ฌ๋กœ์„œ ์ง€๋‚œ 18๊ฐœ์›”๋™์•ˆ,
09:30
battling small- and large-scale corruption,
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์ธ๋„์˜ ๊ฐ€์žฅ ํฐ ๊ธฐ์—…์ธ Scamster์— ์˜ํ•ด
09:32
including the one perpetrated by India's biggest corporate scamster.
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์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ ๊ฒƒ์„ ํฌํ•จํ•ด์„œ ํฌ๊ณ  ์ž‘์€ ๋ถ€ํŒจ์™€ ์‹ธ์›Œ์™”์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:36
Through his charities
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๊ทธ ๋™์•ˆ
09:38
I have had three police cases filed against me
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์ €๋Š” ์ €๋ฅผ ๋ฌด๋‹จ์นจ์ž…, ๋ชจ๋ฐฉ, ํ˜‘๋ฐ• ์˜ํ˜น์œผ๋กœ ์ œ์†Œํ•œ
09:41
alleging trespass, impersonation and intimidation.
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์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ํ˜•์‚ฌ ์†Œ์†ก์„ ๋ฐ›์•˜์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:44
The battle against corruption
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๋ถ€ํŒจ์™€์˜ ์‹ธ์›€์€ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ ์ž์‹ ,
09:46
exacts a toll on ourselves,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ ๊ฐ€์กฑ, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์นœ๊ตฌ
09:48
our families, our friends, and even our kids.
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์‹ฌ์ง€์–ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์•„์ด๋“ค์—๊ฒŒ ํฌ์ƒ์„ ์น˜๋ฃจ๊ฒŒ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:52
Yet I believe the price we pay is well worth holding on
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ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ์ €๋Š” ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ์น˜๋ฃจ๋Š” ๋น„์šฉ์ด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ์˜ ์กด์—„์„ฑ๊ณผ
09:54
to our dignity and making the world a fairer place.
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์„ธ์ƒ์„ ๋”์šฑ ๊ณตํ‰ํ•œ ๊ณณ์œผ๋กœ ๋งŒ๋“ค๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ฐ€์น˜๊ฐ€ ์žˆ๋‹ค๊ณ  ๋ฏฟ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
09:58
What gives us the courage?
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ์—๊ฒŒ ์šฉ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ฃผ๋Š” ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ฌด์—‡์ผ๊นŒ์š”?
10:00
As my close friend replied, when told
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๊ตฌ๊ธ‰์ฐจ ํ”„๋กœ์ ํŠธ์˜ ์ดˆ์ฐฝ๊ธฐ์—
10:02
during the seeding days of the ambulance project
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์ €์˜ ๊ฐ€๊นŒ์šด ์นœ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ "๊ทธ๊ฒƒ์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด๊ณ ,
10:05
that it is an impossible task
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์„ค๋ฆฝ์ž๋“ค์€
10:07
and the founders are insane to chalk up their blue-chip jobs,
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๋ธ”๋ฃจ์นฉ ์ง์—…์„ ๋”ฐ๋‚ด๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ ๋ฏธ์ณ์žˆ๋‹ค"๊ณ  ๋งํ–ˆ์„ ๋•Œ
10:10
I quote: "Of course we cannot fail in this,
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์ €๋Š” ๋Œ€๋‹ตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. "์ตœ์†Œํ•œ ๋‚ด ์ƒ๊ฐ์—๋Š”, ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€
10:13
at least in our own minds.
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์ด ์ผ์„ ์‹คํŒจํ•  ๊ฒƒ ๊ฐ™์ง€ ์•Š์•„.
10:15
For we are insane people,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์„ ํ•˜๋ ค๋Š”
10:17
trying to do an impossible task.
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๋ฏธ์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์ด๋‹ˆ๊นŒ.
10:19
And an insane person does not know what an impossible task is." Thank you.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๋ฏธ์นœ ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ๋ถˆ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๊ฑฐ๋“ ." ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:23
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
10:31
Chris Anderson: Shaffi, that is a really exciting business idea.
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Chris Anderson: Shaffi, ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ๋ฉ‹์ง„ ์‚ฌ์—… ์•„์ด๋””์–ด์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:36
Shaffi Mather: I just have to get through the initial days where I don't get eliminated.
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Shaffi Mather: ์ดˆ๋ฐ˜์— ๊ต‰์žฅํžˆ ์—ด์‹ฌํžˆ ํ•ด์•ผ๊ฒ ์ง€์š”.
10:40
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
10:42
CA: What's on your mind?
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CA: ์–ด๋–ค ์ƒ๊ฐ์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ๊ณ„์‹œ๋‚˜์š”?
10:43
I mean, give us a sense of the numbers here --
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์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ๊ณผ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ
10:45
a typical bribe and a typical fee. I mean, what's in your head?
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์ข€๋” ๊ตฌ์ฒด์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋ฅผ ์•Œ๋ ค์ฃผ์‹ค ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‚˜์š”?
10:48
SM: So let me ... Let me give you an example.
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SM: ์–ด๋””๋ณด์ž. ์˜ˆ๋ฅผ ํ•˜๋‚˜ ๋“œ๋ฆฌ์ง€์š”.
10:52
Somebody who had applied for the passport.
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์ด ์—ฌ๊ถŒ ์‹ ์ฒญ์„ ํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
10:55
The officer was just sitting on it
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๊ณต๋ฌด์›์ด ์ผ์€ ์ฒ˜๋ฆฌํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š๊ณ  ์•‰์•„์„œ
10:58
and was demanding around 3,000 rupees in bribes.
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๋‡Œ๋ฌผ๋กœ 3,000 ๋ฃจํ”ผ ์ •๋„๋ฅผ ์š”๊ตฌํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:01
And he did not want to pay.
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๋ฌผ๋ก  ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์„ ์ฃผ๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์ฃ .
11:04
So we actually used the Right to Information Act,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ์ •๋ณด์ž์œ  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:06
which is equal to the Freedom of Information Act in the United States,
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๋ฏธ๊ตญ์˜ ์ •๋ณด์ž์œ  ๊ถŒ๋ฆฌ์™€ ๊ฐ™์€ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:09
and pushed back the officers in this particular case.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ๊ทธ ๊ณต๋ฌด์›์„ ์žฌํŒ์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์˜€์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:14
And in all these 42 cases,
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์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๊ทธ๋“ค์„ ๋ฐ€์–ด๋ถ™์ธ
11:16
when we kept pushing them back,
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42๊ฐœ์˜ ์‚ฌ๋ก€์—์„œ
11:19
there was three kinds of reaction.
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์„ธ๊ฐ€์ง€ ์ข…๋ฅ˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‘์ด ์žˆ์—ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:21
A set of people actually say,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ๋“ค์€ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:23
"Oh, let me just grant it to them, and run away from it."
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"์—ฌ๊ถŒ์„ ๋ฐœ๊ธ‰ํ•ด์ฃผ๊ณ , ๋ฌผ๋Ÿฌ์„œ๊ฒ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค."
11:26
Some people actually come back and say,
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์–ด๋–ค ์‚ฌ๋žŒ์€ ์™€์„œ ์ด๋ ‡๊ฒŒ ๋งํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:29
"Oh, you want to screw me. Let me show you what I can do."
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"๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋ง์น˜๋ ค๊ณ  ํ•˜๋Š”๊ตฐ. ๋‚ด๊ฐ€ ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ผ์ด ๋ฌด์—‡์ธ์ง€ ๋ณด์—ฌ์ฃผ์ง€."
11:32
And he will push us back.
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๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ  ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ชฐ์•„์„ธ์› ์ฃ .
11:34
So you take the next step, or use the next tool available
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ํ™œ์šฉํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ๋‹ค์Œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋‚˜
11:38
in what we are putting together,
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๋‹ค์Œ ๋„๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:40
and then he relents.
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๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋ฉด ์ด๋‚ด ๊ทธ๋Š” ์ˆ˜๊ทธ๋Ÿฌ๋“ค์ง€์š”.
11:43
By the third time, in all 42 cases, we have achieved success.
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๋ชจ๋“  ๊ฒฝ์šฐ์— ์„ธ๋ฒˆ์งธ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๊นŒ์ง€๊ฐ€๋ฉด ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๋Š” ๊ฒฐ๊ตญ ์„ฑ๊ณตํ–ˆ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:46
CA: But if it's a 3,000-rupee, 70-dollar bribe,
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CA: ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ ๊ทธ๋ž˜๋ด์•ผ 3,000๋ฃจํ”ผ, 70๋‹ฌ๋Ÿฌ์˜ ๋‡Œ๋ฌผ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
11:51
what fee would you have to charge,
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์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์‚ฌ์—…์ด ๋˜๋ ค๋ฉด
11:53
and can you actually make the business work?
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์–ด๋Š ์ •๋„ ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ›์•„์•ผ ํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๊นŒ?
11:55
SM: Well, actually the cost that we incurred
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SM: ์Œ, ์‹ค์ œ๋กœ ์šฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›๋Š” ์ˆ˜์ˆ˜๋ฃŒ๋Š”
11:59
was less than 200 rupees.
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200 ๋ฃจํ”ผ๋ณด๋‹ค ์ ์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:02
So, it actually works.
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๊ทธ์ •๋„๋ฉด ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:05
CA: That's a high gross margin business. I like it.
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CA: ์ด์œค์ด ๊ฝค ๋‚จ๋Š” ์‚ฌ์—…์ด๊ตฐ์š”. ๋งˆ์Œ์— ๋“ญ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:08
(Laughter)
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(์›ƒ์Œ)
12:10
SM: I actually did not want to answer this on the TED stage.
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SM: TED์—์„œ ๊ทธ ์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด์„œ ๋Œ€๋‹ต์„ ํ•˜๊ณ  ์‹ถ์ง€๋Š” ์•Š์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:13
CA: OK, so these are provisional numbers, no pricing guarantee.
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CA: ๊ทธ๋Ÿผ ์ž„์‹œ์ ์ธ ์ˆ˜์น˜๋“ค์ด๊ณ  ํ™•์ •์ ์ธ ๊ฐ€๊ฒฉ์€ ์•„๋‹ˆ๊ตฐ์š”.
12:17
If you can pull this off, you will be a global hero.
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์ด ์ผ์„ ์„ฑ๊ณต์ ์œผ๋กœ ํ•ด๋‚ธ๋‹ค๋ฉด, ์ „์„ธ๊ณ„์ ์ธ ์˜์›…์ด ๋  ๊ฒ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:20
I mean, this could be huge.
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๊ฑฐ๋Œ€ํ•œ ์ผ์ด์ง€์š”.
12:22
Thank you so much for sharing this idea at TED.
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TED์—์„œ ์•„์ด๋””์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•จ๊ป˜ ๊ณต์œ ํ•ด์ฃผ์…”์„œ ๊ฐ์‚ฌํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
12:24
(Applause)
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(๋ฐ•์ˆ˜)
์ด ์›น์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ ์ •๋ณด

์ด ์‚ฌ์ดํŠธ๋Š” ์˜์–ด ํ•™์Šต์— ์œ ์šฉํ•œ YouTube ๋™์˜์ƒ์„ ์†Œ๊ฐœํ•ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์ „ ์„ธ๊ณ„ ์ตœ๊ณ ์˜ ์„ ์ƒ๋‹˜๋“ค์ด ๊ฐ€๋ฅด์น˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ˆ˜์—…์„ ๋ณด๊ฒŒ ๋  ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐ ๋™์˜์ƒ ํŽ˜์ด์ง€์— ํ‘œ์‹œ๋˜๋Š” ์˜์–ด ์ž๋ง‰์„ ๋”๋ธ” ํด๋ฆญํ•˜๋ฉด ๊ทธ๊ณณ์—์„œ ๋™์˜์ƒ์ด ์žฌ์ƒ๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ๋น„๋””์˜ค ์žฌ์ƒ์— ๋งž์ถฐ ์ž๋ง‰์ด ์Šคํฌ๋กค๋ฉ๋‹ˆ๋‹ค. ์˜๊ฒฌ์ด๋‚˜ ์š”์ฒญ์ด ์žˆ๋Š” ๊ฒฝ์šฐ ์ด ๋ฌธ์˜ ์–‘์‹์„ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฌธ์˜ํ•˜์‹ญ์‹œ์˜ค.

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