Caitria and Morgan O'Neill: How to step up in the face of disaster

51,205 views ・ 2012-08-14

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00:00
Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast
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翻译人员: Yuguo Zhang 校对人员: Hong Zhang
00:18
(Video) Newscaster: There's a large path of destruction here in town.
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记者:城里遭到了严重破坏
00:21
... pulling trees from the ground, shattering windows,
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...大风吹倒树木,打碎窗户
00:24
taking the roofs off of homes ...
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掀起屋顶
00:27
Caitria O'Neill: That was me
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Caitria O'Neill:那个就是我
00:29
in front of our house in Monson, Massachusetts last June.
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在麻省的Monson,我们的房子前面,
一股EF3级龙卷风袭击了这里,
00:33
After an EF3 tornado ripped straight through our town
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00:36
and took parts of our roof off,
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掀翻了我们的屋顶
00:37
I decided to stay in Massachusetts,
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我决定留在麻省
00:40
instead of pursuing the master's program
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而不是去读硕士
00:41
I had moved my boxes home that afternoon for.
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那个下午我已把经箱子搬回了家
Morgan O'Neill:6月1号时我们还不是灾难专家
00:45
Morgan O'Neill: So, on June 1, we weren't disaster experts,
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但从3号我们就假装是了
00:48
but on June 3, we started faking it.
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这段经历改变了我们的生活
00:50
This experience changed our lives,
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00:52
and now we're trying to change the experience.
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现在我们要努力去改变它
00:54
CO: So, tornadoes don't happen in Massachusetts,
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CO:龙卷风一般不会袭击麻省
当时我正灵巧地站在前院
00:57
and I was cleverly standing in the front yard when one came over the hill.
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一个龙卷风从山丘上刮来
01:00
After a lamppost flew by, my family and I sprinted into the basement.
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一个路灯杆在身边飞过 我和家人迅速冲进了地下室
01:03
Trees were thrown against the house, the windows exploded.
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树木呗吹向房子,砸碎玻璃
01:06
When we finally got out the back door,
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当我们终于从后门出去的时候
01:08
transformers were burning in the street.
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一些多变压器在街上燃烧
MO:我当时就在波士顿
01:11
MO: I was here in Boston.
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01:12
I'm a PhD student at MIT,
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我是一个MIT的博士生
01:14
and I happen to study atmospheric science.
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我碰巧是学大气环境科学的
01:16
Actually, it gets weirder --
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巧合还不止这些
01:18
I was in the museum of science at the time the tornado hit,
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龙卷风来袭的时候,我在科学博物馆
01:21
playing with the tornado display --
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玩模拟龙卷风的仪器
01:23
(Laughter)
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所以我没接到她的电话
01:24
so I missed her call.
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01:25
I get a call from Caitria, hear the news, and start tracking the radar online
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Caitria给我打来电话,告诉了我消息,
于是我开始在网上观察雷达图像
01:29
to call the family back when another supercell was forming in their area.
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当又一个漏斗云形成的时候 叫家里人回去
之后我带着电池和冰块连夜开车回家
01:33
I drove home late that night with batteries and ice.
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01:35
We live across the street from a historic church
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我家对面是一个老教堂
01:37
that had lost its very iconic steeple in the storm.
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它标志性的尖顶被大风吹走了
01:40
It had become a community gathering place overnight.
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一夜之间成了附近居民的避难所
市政厅和警察局也遭到破坏
01:43
The town hall and the police department had also suffered direct hits,
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因此需要帮助和消息的人们...
01:46
and so people wanting to help or needing information went to the church.
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...去了教堂
CO:我们去了教堂,因为听说他们没饭吃
01:50
CO: We walked to the church because we heard they had hot meals,
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不过到了那儿却发现些问题
01:53
but when we arrived, we found problems.
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有几个汗津津的壮汉拿着电锯
01:55
There were a couple large, sweaty men with chainsaws
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站在教堂中间
01:57
standing in the center of the church, but nobody knew where to send them
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但是没人知道让他们去哪里
因为还不知道破坏有多严重
02:00
because no one knew the extent of the damage yet.
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我们看着他们很沮丧地离开了...
02:03
As we watched, they became frustrated and left
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...去找一些他们可以帮助的人
02:05
to go find somebody to help on their own.
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MO:于是我们开始组织大家
02:07
MO: So we started organizing. Why? It had to be done.
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因为总得有人去做.我们找到了Pastor Bob
02:10
We found Pastor Bob and offered to give the response some infrastructure.
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他主动去帮助修复基础设施
02:13
And then, armed with just two laptops and one air card,
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之后带着两个笔记本电脑和一张AirCard (注:AirCard是一种无线网卡)
02:16
we built a recovery machine.
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我们组建了一个重建机器
02:20
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
02:23
CO: That was a tornado, and everyone's heading to the church
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CO: 那是个龙卷风
每个人都去教堂去放下些物资,志愿帮助大家
02:26
to drop things off and volunteer.
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MO: 每个人都在捐衣服
02:28
MO: Everyone's donating clothing.
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02:29
We should inventory the donations piling up here.
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我们应该把这些捐来的东西储存起来
CO: 没错,我们需要一条热线.你能不能弄个谷歌电话的号码
02:32
CO: And we need a hotline. Can you make a Google Voice number?
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MO: 没问题.我们还需要告诉人们不该带什么
02:35
MO: Sure. And we need to tell people what not to bring.
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我去创建一个Facebook帐户.你能把那些传单打印出来吗?
02:37
I'll make a Facebook account. Can you print flyers?
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02:40
CO: Yeah, but we don't even know what houses are accepting help.
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CO: 好.不过我们不知到现在哪些房子会接受帮助
我们需要做个调查,然后派出志愿者
02:43
We need to canvas and send out volunteers.
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MO: 我们需要告诉人们不要带什么
02:45
MO: We need to tell people what not to bring.
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看,那儿有个新闻车.我去告诉他们
02:47
Hey, there's a news truck. I'll tell them.
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CO: 你是从新闻上看到我号码的?
02:49
CO: You got my number off the news? We don't need more freezers!
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我们的冷柜已经够用了
02:52
(Together) MO: Insurance won't cover it? CO: Juice boxes coming in an hour?
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MO: 保险公司不赔偿这个? 你需要一队人去重新刷你的房顶? CO: 六箱果汁还有一小时就到?
合:谁帮我把便利贴拿来!
02:56
Together: Someone get me Post-its!
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(笑声)
02:58
(Laughter)
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CO: 后来其余的邻居们发现
02:59
CO: And then the rest of the community figured out that we had answers.
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我们心里有数
MO: 我可以捐3个热水器
03:02
MO: I can donate three water heaters, but someone needs to come pick them up.
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不过需要有人来把它们拿走
CO: 我的车在客厅里
03:06
CO: My car is in my living room!
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MO: 我的童子军能做12个邮箱
03:08
MO: My boyscout troop would like to rebuild 12 mailboxes.
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03:10
CO: My puppy is missing and insurance doesn't cover chimneys.
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CO: 有只小狗不见了,保险公司不担保烟囱
03:13
MO: My church group of 50 would like housing and meals for a week
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MO: 我50人的教堂小队能在大家重建家园时
03:16
while we repair properties.
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提供一周的住所和食物
03:18
CO: You sent me to that place on Washington Street yesterday,
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CO: 你昨天把我送到华盛顿街的那个地方
现在我浑身都是毒葛
03:21
and now I'm covered in poison ivy.
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03:22
(Laughter)
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这些充实了我们的日子
03:23
So this is what filled our days.
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03:25
We had to learn how to answer questions quickly
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我们必须学会如和快速找到方法
然后在1分钟内解决问题
03:28
and to solve problems in a minute or less;
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否则会出现更紧急的情况
03:30
otherwise, something more urgent would come up,
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03:32
and it wouldn't get done.
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于是问题永远解决不了
03:33
MO: We didn't get our authority from the board of selectmen
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MO: 我们既没有得到行政委员会的授权
MO: 也没有被应急办主任或是Uited Way批准 (注:United Way是一个美国的慈善组织联盟)
03:36
or the emergency management director or the United Way.
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03:39
We just started answering questions and making decisions
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我们只不过开始回答问题并且做出决定
因为必须有人这么做
03:42
because someone -- anyone -- had to.
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03:44
And why not me? I'm a campaign organizer.
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为什么这个人不是我?我是选举组织者
我玩Facebook玩的很好
03:47
I'm good at Facebook.
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而且我有两个账号
03:48
And there's two of me.
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03:49
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
CO: 重点是,只要发生洪水,火灾,或者飓风,
03:51
CO: The point is, if there's a flood or a fire or a hurricane,
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03:54
you, or somebody like you,
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你,或者像你一样的人
03:56
are going to step up and start organizing things.
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都会站出来组织救灾
不过当中充满困难
03:59
The other point is that it is hard.
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MO: 又一次工作了17个小时之后躺在地上,
04:01
MO: Lying on the ground after another 17-hour day,
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Caitria和我掏空口袋
04:04
Caitria and I would empty our pockets
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努力把掏出的纸片上的信息整理出来
04:06
and try to place dozens of scraps of paper into context --
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04:08
all bits of information that had to be remembered and matched
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任何值得记住和需要匹配的信息
04:11
in order to help someone.
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为了帮助别人
又过了一天,在避难所洗了个澡
04:13
After another day and a shower at the shelter,
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我们意识到事情不应该这么困难
04:15
we realized it shouldn't be this hard.
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04:17
CO: In a country like ours where we breathe Wi-Fi,
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CO: 在我们这样的国家
可以享受无线网络服务
利用科技去加速重建应该很简单
04:20
leveraging technology for a faster recovery should be a no-brainer.
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04:23
Systems like the ones that we were creating on the fly
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像我们在飞机上建立的那种系统
04:26
could exist ahead of time.
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能提前做好准备
04:27
And if some community member is in this organizing position
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如果有社区居民,
无论在哪儿,每次灾难后都挺身而出
04:31
in every area after every disaster,
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04:33
these tools should exist.
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这些办法就会存在
MO: 因此我们决定去为他们--
04:36
MO: So, we decided to build them:
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创建一个"重建箱"
04:38
a recovery in a box, something that could be deployed after every disaster
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它装着一套在灾难后可以被当地人
04:41
by any local organizer.
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利用的东西
04:43
CO: I decided to stay in the country, give up the master's in Moscow
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CO: 我决定留在自己的国家
而不去莫斯科读硕士
然后全力为实现这一目标努力
04:47
and to work full-time to make this happen.
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通过去年的经历
04:49
In the course of the past year,
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04:50
we've become experts in the field of community-powered disaster recovery.
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我们成为了社区支援灾害救助领域的专家
我们观察到三个主要问题
04:54
And there are three main problems that we've observed
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它们有关目前的工作方式
04:56
with the way things work currently.
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04:58
MO: The tools.
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MO: 首先是工具,大型救助组织提供了
04:59
Large aid organizations are exceptional at bringing massive resources to bear
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重要的灾后补给资源
05:03
after a disaster,
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但是通常在完成特定任务之后
05:05
but they often fulfill very specific missions, and then they leave.
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就离开了
05:08
This leaves local residents to deal with the thousands of spontaneous volunteers,
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这使居民需要自己处理...
...涌入的志愿者和物资
05:12
thousands of donations,
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05:13
and all with no training and no tools.
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他们没有经验和工具
05:15
So they use Post-its or Excel or Facebook.
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所以他们才用即时贴,Excel或者Facebook
但这些会影响你从
05:19
But none of these tools allow you to value high-priority information
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图片和祝福中甄别重要信息
05:22
amidst all of the photos and well-wishes.
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05:24
CO: The timing.
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CO: 第二是时间的把握
灾难救助其实是政治选举的反过程
05:26
Disaster relief is essentially a backwards political campaign.
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05:29
In a political campaign, you start with no interest
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在一场政治选举中,
开始你没有兴趣和能力去实践
05:32
and no capacity to turn that into action.
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05:34
You build both gradually,
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后来兴趣和能力逐渐累积
05:35
until a moment of peak mobilization at the time of the election.
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直到在选举当天达到顶点
05:38
In a disaster, however, you start with all of the interest
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在一场灾难当中,你则是从兴趣出发
而不是能力
05:41
and none of the capacity.
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05:42
And you've only got about seven days
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并且你只有7天的时间去搜罗...
05:44
to capture 50 percent of all of the Web searches that will ever be made
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...可以利用的那50%的网络信息...
05:48
to help your area.
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...去帮助你所在的地区
05:49
Then some sporting event happens,
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然后遇到一些事情需要冒险
05:51
and you've got only the resources that you've collected thus far
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可是你只能用手头有限的资源...
...去应对灾后5年的重建需要
05:54
to meet the next five years of recovery needs.
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05:57
This is the slide for Katrina.
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屏幕上是卡特里娜飓风
这是桥普林(注:位于美国密苏里州)
06:00
This is the curve for Joplin.
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06:02
And this is the curve for the Dallas tornadoes in April,
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这是四月份达拉斯的龙卷风
06:05
where we deployed software.
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我们用软件进行了分析
这里有个缺口
06:07
There's a gap here.
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06:08
Affected households have to wait for the insurance adjuster to visit
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受损家庭必须先等保险公司勘察之后
06:12
before they can start accepting help on their properties.
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才能接受援助保护财产
06:14
And you've only got about four days of interest in Dallas.
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而且在达拉斯,热情只持续了只有四天
MO: 看看数据
06:19
MO: Data.
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06:20
Data is inherently unsexy,
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数据一向很枯燥
06:22
but it can jump-start an area's recovery.
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但能极大推动一个地区的重建
FEMA和所在州 (注:Federal Emergency Management Agency 美国联邦紧急事件管理局)
06:24
FEMA and the state will pay 85 percent of the cost
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会支付联邦宣布的灾害事件85%的损失
06:27
of a federally-declared disaster,
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其余15%需要城镇自行承担
06:29
leaving the town to pay the last 15 percent of the bill.
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06:31
Now that expense can be huge,
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这笔支出数额巨大
06:33
but if the town can mobilize X amount of volunteers for Y hours,
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但如果可以发动X个志愿者服务Y个小时
06:37
the dollar value of that labor used goes toward the town's contribution.
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所创造的美元价值...
...会直接计入城镇开支之中
但有多少人明白呢?
06:42
But who knows that?
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现在想像一下那会多么崩溃
06:44
Now try to imagine the sinking feeling you get
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06:46
when you've just sent out 2,000 volunteers and you can't prove it.
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如果你贡献了2000个志愿者却无法证明
CO: 这三个问题有一个共同的解决方案
06:50
CO: These are three problems with a common solution.
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那就是如果我们有恰当的时间和工具
06:53
If we can get the right tools at the right time
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给那些必须重建家园...
06:56
to the people who will inevitably step up
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06:58
and start putting their communities back together,
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...重建社区的人们
我们就能建立救灾重建的新标准
07:00
we can create new standards in disaster recovery.
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MO: 我们需要宣传工具,捐赠物品清单
07:03
MO: We needed canvasing tools, donations databasing,
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需要媒体报道,远程志愿者联络
07:06
needs reporting, remote volunteer access,
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07:09
all in an easy-to-use website.
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它们被整合在一个易用网站中
07:11
CO: And we needed help.
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CO: 我们也需要帮助
07:12
Alvin, our software engineer and co-founder, has built these tools.
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我们的软件工程师和合伙人Alvin设计了这些工具
07:15
Chris and Bill have volunteered their time to use operations and partnerships.
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Chris和Bill贡献了自己的时间...
...去协调企业和合作伙伴
从一月开始,我们便不停穿梭于各个灾区
07:20
And we've been flying into disaster areas since this past January,
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07:23
setting up software, training residents
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设置软件,训练居民
07:25
and licensing the software to areas that are preparing for disasters.
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并把软件授权给需要预防灾害的地区
MO: 四月达拉斯的龙卷风是我们最早的行动之一
07:30
MO: One of our first launches was after the Dallas tornadoes
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07:33
this past April.
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我们飞到一个镇上,那里的网络不稳定
07:34
We flew into a town that had a static, outdated website
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07:36
and a frenetic Facebook feed, trying to structure the response,
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Facebook也用不了,很难协调工作
07:39
and we launched our platform.
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于是我们搭建了自己的平台
它的效益持续了四天
07:41
All of the interest came in the first four days,
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一旦灾害不再是新闻焦点,
07:43
but by the time they lost the news cycle,
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我们便有其他需要
07:45
that's when the needs came in,
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好在他们有大批人们提供的物资
07:47
yet they had this massive resource of what people were able to give
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并且这些可以满足人们的需要
07:50
and they've been able to meet the needs of their residents.
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CO: 所以这个系统可以运转,而且可以更好
07:53
CO: So it's working, but it could be better.
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做足准备对于灾后重建很重要
07:55
Emergency preparedness is a big deal in disaster recovery
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07:57
because it makes towns safer and more resilient.
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因为它可以让城镇更安全,更坚韧
08:00
Imagine if we could have these systems ready to go in a place
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假如我们在灾害发生之前
08:02
before a disaster.
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能够做足准备
这就我们的工作
08:05
So that's what we're working on.
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我们努力把这套系统部署到位
08:07
We're working on getting the software to places so people expect it,
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让人们期待它,了解它的用法
08:10
so people know how to use it
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08:11
and so it can be filled ahead of time
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在灾害发生前做好准备
用琐碎的信息支援重建
08:13
with that micro-information that drives recovery.
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08:15
MO: It's not rocket science.
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MO: 这不像研究火箭
人们切实需要这些工具
08:17
These tools are obvious and people want them.
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08:19
In our hometown, we trained a half-dozen residents
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我们在家乡训练了6个居民
他们可以独立使用这些网络工具
08:22
to run these Web tools on their own,
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因为Caitria和我住在波士顿
08:24
because Caitria and I live here, in Boston.
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08:26
They took to it immediately, and now they are forces of nature.
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他们很快就用上了
现在已经成了本能
08:29
There are over three volunteer groups working almost every day,
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有三组志愿者几乎每天都在那里工作
从去年6月1号就开始了
08:32
and have been since June 1 of last year,
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为了让这些居民得到他们所需,重建家园
08:34
to make sure these residents get what they need and get back in their homes.
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他们有热线,记录单,数据
08:38
They have hotlines and spreadsheets and data.
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08:40
CO: And that makes a difference.
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CO: 效果十分明显
今年6月1日是Monson风灾的...
08:42
June 1 this year marked the one-year anniversary of the Monson tornado,
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周年纪念
我们的社区第一次如此团结和强大
08:46
and our community's never been more connected or more empowered.
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08:49
We've been able to see the same transformation in Texas and in Alabama.
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我们能够看到同样的改变
发生在德克萨斯和亚拉巴马
08:53
Because it doesn't take Harvard or MIT
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因为这用不着哈佛或者MIT...
08:55
to fly in and fix problems after a disaster;
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...飞到灾区解决问题
08:57
it takes a local.
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它动员了当地的力量
08:59
No matter how good an aid organization is at what they do,
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不管一个救援组织多么出色
他们最终还是得回家
09:02
they eventually have to go home.
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09:03
But if you give locals the tools,
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但是如果把工具交给当地居民
如果教给他们如何重建家园
09:06
if you show them what they can do to recover,
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09:08
they become experts.
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他们就成了专家
09:12
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)MO: 好吧.我们出发
09:13
MO: All right. Let's go.
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09:14
(Applause)
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(鼓掌)
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