Caitria and Morgan O'Neill: How to step up in the face of disaster

Translator: Timothy Covell Reviewer: Morton Bast

譯者: Crystal Tu 審譯者: Geoff Chen

(Video) Newscaster: There's a large path of destruction here in town.

新聞廣播員：（龍捲風）在這個鎮上沿路造成極大的損害

... pulling trees from the ground, shattering windows,

樹連根拔起，吹破窗戶玻璃

taking the roofs off of homes ...

屋頂也被掀起

Caitria O'Neill: That was me

Caitria O'Neill: 那個就是我在

in front of our house in Monson, Massachusetts last June.

去年六月時，站在我們麻州 Monson 的房子前面，

藤田級數三級的龍捲風直接穿過我們住的鎮上

After an EF3 tornado ripped straight through our town

and took parts of our roof off,

把一部分的屋頂掀開

I decided to stay in Massachusetts,

我決定留在麻州

instead of pursuing the master's program

放棄攻讀碩士

I had moved my boxes home that afternoon for.

那天下午，我把所有行李都搬回家

Morgan O'Neill: 因此，在6月1號時我們不是災難專家

Morgan O'Neill: So, on June 1, we weren't disaster experts,

不過到了3號我們就

but on June 3, we started faking it.

這段經歷改變了我們的生活

This experience changed our lives,

and now we're trying to change the experience.

而現在我們在試圖去改變經歷

CO: So, tornadoes don't happen in Massachusetts,

龍捲風通常不會在麻州出現

我那時很聰明的站在前院

and I was cleverly standing in the front yard when one came over the hill.

而龍捲風正朝著山丘走來

After a lamppost flew by, my family and I sprinted into the basement.

在一個路燈飛過之後，我和我的家人衝到地下室裡

Trees were thrown against the house, the windows exploded.

樹木全被吹向我們的房子，玻璃都炸開了

When we finally got out the back door,

當我們終於可以後門出去時

transformers were burning in the street.

路旁的變壓器都燒了起來

MO: 我當時在波士頓

MO: I was here in Boston.

I'm a PhD student at MIT,

在麻省理工學院 (MIT) 唸博士

and I happen to study atmospheric science.

正好是念大氣科學

Actually, it gets weirder --

我的經歷更奇怪

I was in the museum of science at the time the tornado hit,

龍捲風經過時，我正在科學博物館

playing with the tornado display --

玩龍捲風模擬展示

(Laughter)

所以我沒聽到她的來電

so I missed her call.

I get a call from Caitria, hear the news, and start tracking the radar online

等我接到了 Caitria 的電話，聽到新聞

就開始在網路上追蹤雷達回波

to call the family back when another supercell was forming in their area.

當我發現另外一個超級風暴胞正在附近形成時，便打電話告訴家人

在當天深夜帶著電池和冰塊開車返家

I drove home late that night with batteries and ice.

We live across the street from a historic church

我們住在一個有富有歷史的教堂對面

that had lost its very iconic steeple in the storm.

在這次風暴中，教堂失去了他們最具代表性的尖頂

It had become a community gathering place overnight.

成為整個社區過夜的據點

市政廳和警察局也受到直接衝擊

The town hall and the police department had also suffered direct hits,

所以想提供協助或者需要資訊的人

and so people wanting to help or needing information went to the church.

都去了教堂

CO：我們聽說他們提供熱食，便往教堂走去

CO: We walked to the church because we heard they had hot meals,

不過當我們抵達時便發現一些問題

but when we arrived, we found problems.

有幾個強壯又滿身大汗的男人，手裏拿著電鋸

There were a couple large, sweaty men with chainsaws

站在教堂的中間

standing in the center of the church, but nobody knew where to send them

不過沒人知道該把他們送去哪

因為不知道損害的實際情形如何

because no one knew the extent of the damage yet.

當我們看著時，他們便覺得沮喪而離開了

As we watched, they became frustrated and left

自己去找需要幫助的人

to go find somebody to help on their own.

MO: 我們便開始組織

MO: So we started organizing. Why? It had to be done.

為什麼？總有人得出面吧。我們找到了 Bob 牧師

We found Pastor Bob and offered to give the response some infrastructure.

然後提供了一些應變的基礎設施

And then, armed with just two laptops and one air card,

隨後我們帶著兩個手提電腦和一張無線網卡

we built a recovery machine.

建造了一個恢復機器

(Applause)

(鼓掌)

CO: That was a tornado, and everyone's heading to the church

CO: 那是個龍捲風

每個人都到教堂裡捐東西或當義工

to drop things off and volunteer.

MO: 每個人都在捐衣服

MO: Everyone's donating clothing.

We should inventory the donations piling up here.

我們得把這些堆積如山的捐贈品列個清單

CO: 沒錯，還需要一個熱線，你能不能弄個 Google Voice 的號碼來

CO: And we need a hotline. Can you make a Google Voice number?

MO: 沒問題，然後我們得告訴其他人哪些東西不用拿來

MO: Sure. And we need to tell people what not to bring.

我去弄個 Facebook 帳號，你可以把那些傳單都印出來嗎?

I'll make a Facebook account. Can you print flyers?

CO: Yeah, but we don't even know what houses are accepting help.

CO: 嗯，可是我們連那些房子現在需要幫助都不知道

我們需要作些調查並且派出義工

We need to canvas and send out volunteers.

MO: 得告訴其他人哪些東西不用拿來

MO: We need to tell people what not to bring.

看，那裡有輛新聞轉播車，我去告訴他們

Hey, there's a news truck. I'll tell them.

CO: 你從新聞上看到我的號碼？

CO: You got my number off the news? We don't need more freezers!

我們不需要冷凍箱了

(Together) MO: Insurance won't cover it? CO: Juice boxes coming in an hour?

MO: 保險沒保這個？你需要一群人重鋪你家屋頂？ CO: 六箱果汁一小時就到?

一起: 來人給我把便利貼拿來!

Together: Someone get me Post-its!

(笑聲)

(Laughter)

CO: 然後其他的社區居民發現

CO: And then the rest of the community figured out that we had answers.

我們已經找到辦法了

MO: 我可以捐三個熱水器

MO: I can donate three water heaters, but someone needs to come pick them up.

不過得有人過來拿

CO: 我車在我客廳呢

CO: My car is in my living room!

MO: 我的童子軍小隊想重建12個郵筒

MO: My boyscout troop would like to rebuild 12 mailboxes.

CO: My puppy is missing and insurance doesn't cover chimneys.

CO: 有些小狗不見了，而且保險沒保到煙囪

MO: My church group of 50 would like housing and meals for a week

MO: 我的教堂小組裡有五十人，需要一週的住所的食物

while we repair properties.

就在我們進行修復時

CO: You sent me to that place on Washington Street yesterday,

CO: 你昨天把我送到 Waington 街上那個地方

現在我被有毒常春藤蓋住了

and now I'm covered in poison ivy.

(Laughter)

這些事情讓我們整天忙得團團轉

So this is what filled our days.

We had to learn how to answer questions quickly

得學會如何快速應對

然後再一分鐘內解決問題

and to solve problems in a minute or less;

不然其他更緊急的事情會冒出來

otherwise, something more urgent would come up,

and it wouldn't get done.

這些問題就無法解決

MO: We didn't get our authority from the board of selectmen

MO: 我們的權限，不是從市政管理委員會

緊急管理總監，或是聯合勸募來的

or the emergency management director or the United Way.

We just started answering questions and making decisions

我們只不過是開始回答問題和做出決定

因為有人必須這麼做

because someone -- anyone -- had to.

And why not me? I'm a campaign organizer.

除了我還有誰呢？我是社運組織者

我很熟悉 Facebook

I'm good at Facebook.

而且還有兩個我

And there's two of me.

(Laughter)

(笑聲)

CO: 我們想說的是，如果有洪水、大火、或者颶風

CO: The point is, if there's a flood or a fire or a hurricane,

you, or somebody like you,

你，或者像你一樣的人

are going to step up and start organizing things.

將會站出來然後開始組織一切

但這也是很困難的一件事

The other point is that it is hard.

MO: 在又工作17小時後，我們躺在地上

MO: Lying on the ground after another 17-hour day,

Caitria 和我把口袋裡的東西都掏出來

Caitria and I would empty our pockets

然後試著從一堆零碎的紙片拼出完整情境

and try to place dozens of scraps of paper into context --

all bits of information that had to be remembered and matched

所有資訊都得記下並核對

in order to help someone.

這樣才能幫助其他人

在另一天過後，我們在避難所洗澡

After another day and a shower at the shelter,

才意識到這應該沒那麼難

we realized it shouldn't be this hard.

CO: In a country like ours where we breathe Wi-Fi,

CO: 在一個

無線網路像是空氣一樣的國家

利用科技來增進快速復原應該很容易

leveraging technology for a faster recovery should be a no-brainer.

Systems like the ones that we were creating on the fly

像我們這樣匆促組成的系統

could exist ahead of time.

其實可以提早準備好

And if some community member is in this organizing position

如果任何社區居民

在每次災難過後都在主導位置上

in every area after every disaster,

these tools should exist.

應該要有這些工具

MO: 所以我們決定把它們建造出來--

MO: So, we decided to build them:

一個重建的工具箱

a recovery in a box, something that could be deployed after every disaster

一些在災難後可以讓當地主導者

by any local organizer.

可利用的工具

CO: I decided to stay in the country, give up the master's in Moscow

CO: 我決定待在美國

放棄在莫斯科的碩士學位

然後全職工作來實現這一目標

and to work full-time to make this happen.

就在前一年的這個過程裡

In the course of the past year,

we've become experts in the field of community-powered disaster recovery.

我們成為了社區式災難重建領域的專家

依我們從觀察，目前的情況

And there are three main problems that we've observed

主要有三個問題，

with the way things work currently.

MO: The tools.

MO: 首先是工具。大型的救助組織都很擅長

Large aid organizations are exceptional at bringing massive resources to bear

在災難後補給大量的資源

after a disaster,

不過通常他們完成特定任務以後

but they often fulfill very specific missions, and then they leave.

就會離開了

This leaves local residents to deal with the thousands of spontaneous volunteers,

留下當地居民去處理

眾多志工、大量的捐贈物資

thousands of donations,

and all with no training and no tools.

但當地居民未經訓練，也缺乏工具

So they use Post-its or Excel or Facebook.

因此他們用即時貼、或者 Excel 或者 Facebook

但沒有工具可以讓你區別出首要的資訊，並加以重視

But none of these tools allow you to value high-priority information

在當中全是照片和一些祝福

amidst all of the photos and well-wishes.

CO: The timing.

CO: 第二是時間的把握

災難救助其實是一個反過來的政治競選的過程

Disaster relief is essentially a backwards political campaign.

In a political campaign, you start with no interest

在一場政治選舉中，

你從零開始，在毫無利益和能力的境況中付諸行動

and no capacity to turn that into action.

You build both gradually,

你逐漸地開始發展

until a moment of peak mobilization at the time of the election.

直到在選舉當中你這兩種能力帶到了最高點

In a disaster, however, you start with all of the interest

在一個災難當中呢，你開始是有各種利益

但是沒有能力

and none of the capacity.

And you've only got about seven days

而你只有七天

to capture 50 percent of all of the Web searches that will ever be made

去獲取百分之五十的網絡搜索

to help your area.

以拯救你那片區域

Then some sporting event happens,

然後一些體育事件發生了

and you've got only the resources that you've collected thus far

你只有你目前收集到的資源

去完成五年後所需的重建工作

to meet the next five years of recovery needs.

This is the slide for Katrina.

這是一個 Katrina 的幻燈片

這是 Joplin 的曲線

This is the curve for Joplin.

And this is the curve for the Dallas tornadoes in April,

這個是在四月我們部署軟體時候

where we deployed software.

對於達拉斯颶風的一個曲線

這有個缺口

There's a gap here.

Affected households have to wait for the insurance adjuster to visit

受災戶必須等著保險公司的理算員來之後

before they can start accepting help on their properties.

他們的房產才能獲得幫助

And you've only got about four days of interest in Dallas.

而且你在達拉斯只有4天的時間

MO: 最後一個是數據

MO: Data.

Data is inherently unsexy,

數據本來是沒什麼意思的

but it can jump-start an area's recovery.

不過對於一個區域的恢復可是很有效率

FEMA (譯者注:Federal Emergency Management Agency 美國聯邦緊急事件管理局) 和州

FEMA and the state will pay 85 percent of the cost

會對一個聯邦認證的災難付款百分之 85 的損失

of a federally-declared disaster,

然後剩下 %15 就留給城鎮自己去支付

leaving the town to pay the last 15 percent of the bill.

Now that expense can be huge,

開銷可以變得非常昂貴

but if the town can mobilize X amount of volunteers for Y hours,

但如果這個城鎮可以召集 X 個志願者去服務 Y 個小時

the dollar value of that labor used goes toward the town's contribution.

這批勞動力帶來的美元價值

直接就到城鎮的貢獻中去

不過誰知道呢?

But who knows that?

現在，想像一下當你送出去 2000 志願者

Now try to imagine the sinking feeling you get

when you've just sent out 2,000 volunteers and you can't prove it.

但你無法證明的感覺是什麼樣

CO: 這三個問題都可以用一個方案來解決 (譯者總結: 工具、時間把握、數據)

CO: These are three problems with a common solution.

如果我們能在正確的時間內得到對的工具

If we can get the right tools at the right time

送到那些可以站出來然後重建

to the people who will inevitably step up

and start putting their communities back together,

社區的人們手中

我們就可以在災難恢復中創造新的標準

we can create new standards in disaster recovery.

MO: 我們需要監控工具，為捐贈品建立數據庫

MO: We needed canvasing tools, donations databasing,

需要回報和遠程聯繫志願者

needs reporting, remote volunteer access,

all in an easy-to-use website.

所有都在一個簡單的網站當中

CO: And we needed help.

CO: 我們還需要幫助

Alvin, our software engineer and co-founder, has built these tools.

我們的軟件工程師和投資人 Alvin 已經造好了這些工具

Chris and Bill have volunteered their time to use operations and partnerships.

Chris 和 Bill 已經用他們志願的時間

去運作和尋找合作夥伴

而我們一直在拜訪那些有災難的地區

And we've been flying into disaster areas since this past January,

setting up software, training residents

建立軟件，訓練當地居民

and licensing the software to areas that are preparing for disasters.

然後給軟體授權給各個地區，從而他們可以為救災做準備

MO: 其中第一個就是在這個四月 Dallas 的颶風之後

MO: One of our first launches was after the Dallas tornadoes

this past April.

我們到了一個有著過時網站和瘋狂 Facebook

We flew into a town that had a static, outdated website

and a frenetic Facebook feed, trying to structure the response,

帳戶的城鎮

and we launched our platform.

於是我們建立了平臺

所有的利益在前 4 天就來了

All of the interest came in the first four days,

但是當他們丟掉了新聞圈的時候，

but by the time they lost the news cycle,

我們就有更多的需要

that's when the needs came in,

但是他們有這一大批人們捐助的資源

yet they had this massive resource of what people were able to give

因此他們可以滿足人們的需要

and they've been able to meet the needs of their residents.

CO: 因此運作的很好，不過可以更好一點

CO: So it's working, but it could be better.

對於緊急的準備是在災難恢復中很重要的

Emergency preparedness is a big deal in disaster recovery

because it makes towns safer and more resilient.

因為它使得一個城鎮更安全和更有彈性

Imagine if we could have these systems ready to go in a place

想像一下在災難之前我們可以把所有

before a disaster.

這些系統都建立好

因此這就我們在工作的東西

So that's what we're working on.

我們想把這些軟體

We're working on getting the software to places so people expect it,

帶到人們那裡去，這些他們可以做出判斷，知道怎麼用

so people know how to use it

and so it can be filled ahead of time

可以被提前安置好

就是一點點資訊就可以使得重建工作得以運轉

with that micro-information that drives recovery.

MO: It's not rocket science.

MO: 這不是什麼晦澀的火箭科學

這些工具都是人們想要的

These tools are obvious and people want them.

In our hometown, we trained a half-dozen residents

在我們家鄉，我們訓練了 6 個居民去

讓他們自己去使用網路工具

to run these Web tools on their own,

因為 Caitria 和我在波士頓住

because Caitria and I live here, in Boston.

They took to it immediately, and now they are forces of nature.

他們都立即使用了這個

現在他們是自發的團隊力量

There are over three volunteer groups working almost every day,

有三組志願者幾乎每天都工作

自從去年的六月一日

and have been since June 1 of last year,

他們保證這些居民得到他們所需要並且順利回到家中

to make sure these residents get what they need and get back in their homes.

他們有電話熱線、記錄單、和數據

They have hotlines and spreadsheets and data.

CO: And that makes a difference.

CO: 這才起到了決定性的效果

今年6月1日代表了 Monson 颶風的

June 1 this year marked the one-year anniversary of the Monson tornado,

一週年

而我們的社區從沒有這麼緊密連結、並且同時賦予力量過

and our community's never been more connected or more empowered.

We've been able to see the same transformation in Texas and in Alabama.

我們能夠看到同樣的改變

在德州和亞拉巴馬州

Because it doesn't take Harvard or MIT

因為這不需要哈佛或者麻省理工學院

to fly in and fix problems after a disaster;

在災難過後飛到那裡去處理問題

it takes a local.

只需要當地人們去弄

No matter how good an aid organization is at what they do,

不管一個救援組織多麼好

他們最終還是得回家

they eventually have to go home.

But if you give locals the tools,

但是你如果把工具交給當地人民

你展示給他們如果去恢復重建

if you show them what they can do to recover,

they become experts.

他們就成了專家

(Applause)

(鼓掌) MO: 好吧，那我們走吧。

MO: All right. Let's go.

(Applause)

(鼓掌)