Majora Carter: 3 stories of local eco-entrepreneurship

38,635 views ・ 2011-01-03

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

翻译人员: Lili Liang 校对人员: Angelia King
00:16
So today, I'm going to tell you about some people
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今天,我要向大家介绍一些人,
00:19
who didn't move out of their neighborhoods.
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他们一直在各自的街区里工作。
00:22
The first one is happening right here in Chicago.
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第一位就在芝加哥。
00:25
Brenda Palms-Farber was hired
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布兰达·帕尔姆-法尔伯的工作
00:27
to help ex-convicts reenter society
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是帮助刑满释放人员重返社会
00:30
and keep them from going back into prison.
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以免他们重蹈覆辙。
00:32
Currently, taxpayers spend
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目前,若有一人入狱,
00:34
about 60,000 dollars per year
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那么纳税人每年就要
00:37
sending a person to jail.
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支付六万美元。
00:39
We know that two-thirds of them are going to go back.
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三分之二的刑满释放人员最后又回到了监狱。
00:41
I find it interesting that, for every one dollar
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我觉得很有意思,
00:43
we spend, however, on early childhood education,
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我们为“启蒙教育”等早期教育
00:45
like Head Start,
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每花一美元,
00:47
we save 17 dollars
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在将来,
00:49
on stuff like incarceration in the future.
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就能在送人入狱这些事情上节省十七美元。
00:52
Or -- think about it -- that 60,000 dollars
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大家想想-那六万美元
00:54
is more than what it costs
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把一个人送到哈佛大学读书
00:56
to send one person to Harvard as well.
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都绰绰有余了。
00:58
But Brenda, not being phased by stuff like that,
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但布兰达并没有拘泥于这些限制,
01:01
took a look at her challenge
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她审视了眼前的挑战
01:03
and came up
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想出了
01:05
with a not-so-obvious solution:
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一个不那么兴师动众的解决方法:
01:07
create a business
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开办一庄生意,
01:09
that produces skin care products from honey.
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用蜂蜜的提炼物来生产护肤品。
01:12
Okay, it might be obvious to some of you; it wasn't to me.
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也许对于你们一些人来说这再自然不过了;但是我不这么看。
01:14
It's the basis of growing a form of social innovation
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扶植真正有无限潜力的社会创新,
01:17
that has real potential.
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这是起步阶段。
01:19
She hired seemingly unemployable men and women
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她聘请那些别人不愿聘用的人
01:22
to care for the bees, harvest the honey
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来照顾蜜蜂,收割蜂蜜
01:24
and make value-added products
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加工产品,
01:26
that they marketed themselves,
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并自己做市场推广,
01:28
and that were later sold at Whole Foods.
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最后把成品放在全食超市销售。
01:30
She combined employment experience and training
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她把工作与培训结合在一起,
01:33
with life skills they needed,
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教授员工一些必要的生活技能,
01:35
like anger-management and teamwork,
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教他们如何控制愤怒情绪,如何进行团队合作,
01:37
and also how to talk to future employers
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如何向后来的员工
01:40
about how their experiences
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传授自己的经验,
01:42
actually demonstrated the lessons that they had learned
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告诉他们自己所学到的经验教训
01:44
and their eagerness to learn more.
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以及他们对学习的热情。
01:46
Less than four percent
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经过她聘用的这些人员中
01:48
of the folks that went through her program
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仅有不到百分之四的人
01:50
actually go back to jail.
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再次入狱。
01:52
So these young men and women learned job-readiness
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这些年轻人通过养殖蜜蜂
01:55
and life skills through bee keeping
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不仅得到了工作培训,学会了生存技能,
01:57
and became productive citizens in the process.
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还成为了有作为的好公民。
02:00
Talk about a sweet beginning.
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这真是一个美好的开始。
02:03
Now, I'm going to take you to Los Angeles,
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现在我要带你们到洛杉矶。
02:05
and lots of people know
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很多人都知道
02:07
that L.A. has its issues.
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洛杉矶有很多亟待解决的问题。
02:09
But I'm going to talk about L.A.'s water issues right now.
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但是我要讲的是洛杉矶的用水问题。
02:12
They have not enough water on most days
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该市经常缺水,
02:14
and too much to handle when it rains.
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而一旦下雨,过多的雨水又成了问题。
02:17
Currently, 20 percent
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目前,加利福尼亚州
02:19
of California's energy consumption
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百分之二十的能源消耗
02:21
is used to pump water
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主要被用于向南加州
02:23
into mostly Southern California.
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调水的工程。
02:25
Their spending loads, loads,
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他们花了大把大把的金钱
02:27
to channel that rainwater out into the ocean
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将雨水疏导至大海,
02:29
when it rains and floods as well.
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一旦下雨,这里就会发大水。
02:31
Now Andy Lipkis is working to help
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安迪·利普基斯的工作
02:33
L.A. cut infrastructure costs
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就是帮助洛杉矶
02:35
associated with water management and urban heat island --
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削减水利工程以及城市热岛效应相关的基础建设开支-
02:38
linking trees, people and technology
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把人,树木和科技联系起来
02:41
to create a more livable city.
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进而创造更适合居住的城市。
02:43
All that green stuff actually naturally absorbs storm water,
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那些绿色的东西能够自动吸收大量雨水,
02:46
also helps cool our cities.
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并且帮助城市降温。
02:48
Because, come to think about it,
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我们应该这样想:
02:50
do you really want air-conditioning,
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你真正需要的是空调,
02:52
or is it a cooler room that you want?
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还是一个凉爽的房间?
02:54
How you get it shouldn't make that much of a difference.
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不管使用那种方法,只要能够达到预期的效果就行了。
02:57
So a few years ago,
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就在几年前,
02:59
L.A. County
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洛杉矶
03:01
decided that they needed to spend 2.5 billion dollars
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决定投入二十五亿美元
03:04
to repair the city schools.
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整修全市的学校。
03:07
And Andy and his team discovered
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安迪和他的团队得知
03:09
that they were going to spend 200 million of those dollars
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政府将把其中两亿美元
03:12
on asphalt to surround the schools themselves.
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用于给学校四周的路面铺上沥青。
03:15
And by presenting a really strong economic case,
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通过展示一个非常经济实惠的案例,
03:18
they convinced the L.A. government
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他们说服洛杉矶政府改变计划,
03:20
that replacing that asphalt
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将沥青
03:22
with trees and other greenery,
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换成绿树和其它绿化带,
03:24
that the schools themselves would save the system more on energy
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这样学校在绿化建设方面
03:27
than they spend on horticultural infrastructure.
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节省更多人力物力。
03:31
So ultimately, 20 million square feet of asphalt
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最后,铺两千万平方英尺沥青路的计划
03:33
was replaced or avoided,
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被取消了,
03:35
and electrical consumption for air-conditioning went down,
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同时,使用空调所需的电力消耗降低了,
03:38
while employment
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绿化带需要人照顾,
03:40
for people to maintain those grounds went up,
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这样,许多人找到了工作,
03:43
resulting in a net-savings to the system,
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成本就这样被降低了,
03:45
but also healthier students and schools system employees as well.
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同时,师生们得到了更健康洁净的生活环境。
03:49
Now Judy Bonds
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这是朱蒂·邦德斯。
03:51
is a coal miner's daughter.
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一个煤炭工的女儿。
03:53
Her family has eight generations
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她家庭的八代人
03:55
in a town called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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都住在西弗吉尼亚州一个叫做怀茨威尔的小镇上。
03:58
And if anyone should be clinging
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如果有谁会以这个小镇
04:00
to the former glory of the coal mining history,
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光辉的煤炭开采史为荣,
04:02
and of the town,
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以小镇为荣,
04:04
it should be Judy.
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那非朱蒂莫数了。
04:06
But the way coal is mined right now is different
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然而,现在的煤炭开采
04:08
from the deep mines that her father
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对比过去她的父亲
04:10
and her father's father would go down into
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以及祖父当年在深井里
04:12
and that employed essentially thousands and thousands of people.
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几千人同时作业的开采方式,大不相同。
04:15
Now, two dozen men
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现在只要二十几个人
04:17
can tear down a mountain in several months,
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就能在几个月内把一座山开采一空,
04:19
and only for about a few years' worth of coal.
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而开采出的煤炭只够使用几年。
04:22
That kind of technology is called "mountaintop removal."
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这种开采技术叫做山顶煤炭开采法。
04:25
It can make a mountain go from this to this
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它能使一座山在短短数月里
04:28
in a few short months.
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从这样变成那样。
04:30
Just imagine that the air surrounding these places --
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想像一下周围的空气质量-
04:32
it's filled with the residue of explosives and coal.
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到处弥漫着易爆物和煤炭残渣。
04:35
When we visited, it gave some of the people we were with
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我们去到那里的时候,同行的一些人
04:37
this strange little cough
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莫名其妙地开始咳嗽
04:39
after being only there for just a few hours or so --
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我们只在那里停留了几个小时-
04:41
not just miners, but everybody.
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不仅是矿工,所有人都有同样症状。
04:43
And Judy saw her landscape being destroyed
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朱蒂眼睁睁看着家园被破坏,
04:45
and her water poisoned.
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水体被污染。
04:47
And the coal companies just move on
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煤矿公司一旦把山挖空
04:49
after the mountain was emptied,
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就一走了之,
04:51
leaving even more unemployment in their wake.
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使越来越多矿工下岗。
04:53
But she also saw the difference in potential wind energy
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然而,她还看到了一座完整山体上风能的潜力
04:56
on an intact mountain,
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比另一座
04:58
and one that was reduced in elevation
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海拔相对低了两千英尺的山体
05:00
by over 2,000 feet.
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要多出许多。
05:02
Three years of dirty energy with not many jobs,
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用三年时间来开采污染环境的能源,
05:05
or centuries of clean energy
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相比开发能够持续几百年的清洁能源,究竟哪个更合算呢?
05:07
with the potential for developing expertise and improvements in efficiency
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前者会使许多人丢了工作,而后者却有潜力发展专业技能,
05:10
based on technical skills,
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提高技术效率,
05:12
and developing local knowledge
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根据当地情况
05:14
about how to get the most out of that region's wind.
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最大程度地开发和利用风力资源。
05:16
She calculated the up-front cost
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她计算了初始成本
05:18
and the payback over time,
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以及回报,
05:20
and it's a net-plus on so many levels
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结果表明这对地方,国家,乃至全球经济
05:22
for the local, national and global economy.
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都会带来更高的净收益。
05:25
It's a longer payback than mountaintop removal,
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相比开采山顶煤矿,风能可以带来长期回报,
05:28
but the wind energy actually pays back forever.
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而且这种风能源回报甚至是永久的。
05:31
Now mountaintop removal pays very little money to the locals,
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开采山顶煤矿给当地居民的回报很小,
05:34
and it gives them a lot of misery.
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并且还让他们吃了不少苦头。
05:36
The water is turned into goo.
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原本洁净的水变成了臭水。
05:38
Most people are still unemployed,
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大多数人没有工作,
05:40
leading to most of the same kinds of social problems
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由此,这里的失业人群
05:42
that unemployed people in inner cities also experience --
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与大城市里失业的人们面临着同样的社会问题-
05:45
drug and alcohol abuse,
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吸毒,酗酒
05:47
domestic abuse, teen pregnancy and poor heath, as well.
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家庭暴力,未成年少女怀孕以及糟糕的健康状况。
05:50
Now Judy and I -- I have to say --
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现在朱蒂和我-我可以这么说-
05:52
totally related to each other.
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我们志同道合。
05:54
Not quite an obvious alliance.
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我们关系铁得很。
05:56
I mean, literally, her hometown is called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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你看,她的家乡是西弗吉尼亚州的怀茨威尔。
05:58
I mean, they are not --
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他们不是-
06:00
they ain't competing for the birthplace of hip hop title
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他们可没在跟时尚嘻哈达人争地盘,
06:03
or anything like that.
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压跟就没有。
06:05
But the back of my T-shirt, the one that she gave me,
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但是,在她送我的T恤衫背面,
06:08
says, "Save the endangered hillbillies."
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写着:“拯救濒临灭绝的乡巴佬”。
06:13
So homegirls and hillbillies we got it together
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就这样宅女和乡巴佬走到了一起,
06:16
and totally understand that this is what it's all about.
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非常明确各自的使命。
06:19
But just a few months ago,
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然而就在几个月前,
06:21
Judy was diagnosed
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朱蒂被诊断
06:23
with stage-three lung cancer.
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患有晚期肺癌。
06:26
Yeah.
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真的。
06:28
And it has since moved to her bones and her brain.
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而且已经蔓延到了她的骨头和大脑。
06:33
And I just find it so bizarre
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这真是太荒唐了,
06:36
that she's suffering from the same thing
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她竭尽全力帮助人们防止肺癌,
06:38
that she tried so hard to protect people from.
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而自己却得了肺癌。
06:41
But her dream
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但是她的
06:43
of Coal River Mountain Wind
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“煤河山风力发电项目”
06:45
is her legacy.
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仍将继续。
06:47
And she might not
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也许,她等不到
06:50
get to see that mountaintop.
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项目建成的那一天了。
06:53
But rather than writing
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她并没有仅仅留下
06:55
yet some kind of manifesto or something,
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一纸宣言,
06:57
she's leaving behind
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而是她正详细制定
06:59
a business plan to make it happen.
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实施项目的具体计划。
07:01
That's what my homegirl is doing.
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我的这位姐妹正在忙这件事情。
07:03
So I'm so proud of that.
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我为她感到骄傲。
07:05
(Applause)
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(众人鼓掌)
07:10
But these three people
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这三个人
07:12
don't know each other,
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彼此并不相识,
07:14
but they do have an awful lot in common.
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但是他们有着惊人的相似之处。
07:16
They're all problem solvers,
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他们都是解决问题的带头人,
07:18
and they're just some of the many examples
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我非常幸运能够结识他们并且向他们学习,
07:20
that I really am privileged to see, meet and learn from
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我在工作中见识到了许多榜样,
07:22
in the examples of the work that I do now.
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他们就是其中几位模范。
07:24
I was really lucky to have them all featured
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我很幸运地将他们的事迹
07:26
on my Corporation for Public Radio radio show
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作为主秀展示在我的网络公共广播电台的节目
07:28
called ThePromisedLand.org.
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“应许之地(ThePromisedLand.org)”中。
07:30
Now they're all very practical visionaries.
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他们都是有远见的实业家。
07:32
They take a look at the demands that are out there --
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他们仔细审视眼前的需求-
07:35
beauty products, healthy schools, electricity --
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美容产品,健康的校园,电力-
07:37
and how the money's flowing to meet those demands.
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并想办法满足这些需求。
07:39
And when the cheapest solutions
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如果你想通过削减员工人数
07:41
involve reducing the number of jobs,
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来解决问题,
07:43
you're left with unemployed people,
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那么将有许多人失业,
07:45
and those people aren't cheap.
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而这些人可不是省油的灯。
07:47
In fact, they make up some of what I call the most expensive citizens,
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事实上,我认为他们是“最奢侈的公民”,
07:50
and they include generationally impoverished,
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他们其中有许多人是从中东战场上
07:52
traumatized vets returning from the Middle East,
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退伍回乡的伤兵,他们世世代代贫穷,受伤痛之苦;
07:54
people coming out of jail.
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另外还有刑满释放人员。
07:56
And for the veterans in particular,
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拿那些老兵来说,
07:58
the V.A. said there's a six-fold increase
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根据退伍军人事务部公布的数据,
08:01
in mental health pharmaceuticals by vets since 2003.
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自2003年以来退伍军人服用的精神方面的药物增加了六倍。
08:04
I think that number's probably going to go up.
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我认为这个数字目前仍然在上升。
08:06
They're not the largest number of people,
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他们并不是最庞大的群体,
08:08
but they are some of the most expensive --
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但却是开销最大的群体之一。
08:10
and in terms of the likelihood for domestic abuse, drug and alcohol abuse,
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他们是家庭暴力,吸毒酗酒的高危人群,
08:13
poor performance by their kids in schools
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他们的子女在学校普遍不如其他家庭的孩子,
08:16
and also poor health as a result of stress.
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由于承受巨大压力,他们的身体健康非常差。
08:18
So these three guys all understand
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我所提到的这三位
08:20
how to productively channel dollars
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都懂得如何有效地
08:22
through our local economies
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把资金引入地方经济
08:24
to meet existing market demands,
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以满足市场需求,
08:26
reduce the social problems that we have now
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解决现存的社会问题,
08:28
and prevent new problems in the future.
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并防止新问题的产生。
08:31
And there are plenty of other examples like that.
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这样的例子数不胜数。
08:33
One problem: waste handling and unemployment.
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例一:废物处理与失业问题。
08:36
Even when we think or talk about recycling,
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当我们思考或讨论如何回收利用时,
08:38
lots of recyclable stuff ends up getting incinerated or in landfills
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许多可回收物品已经被焚化或掩埋了,
08:41
and leaving many municipalities, diversion rates --
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这加大了城市的回收分流难度,
08:44
they leave much to be recycled.
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使回收过程更复杂。
08:46
And where is this waste handled? Usually in poor communities.
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这些废物都在哪里被处理?一般在贫困的社区里。
08:49
And we know that eco-industrial business, these kinds of business models --
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大家知道,在生态工业的运作模式中-
08:52
there's a model in Europe called the eco-industrial park,
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有这样一种模式,它在欧洲被称为生态工业园区。
08:55
where either the waste of one company is the raw material for another,
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在这里,你既可以把一家公司的废物交给另一家公司做原料,
08:58
or you use recycled materials
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也可以把材料回收利用
09:00
to make goods that you can actually use and sell.
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生产出新的商品。
09:02
We can create these local markets and incentives
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我们可以在当地鼓励和创造这样的当地市场需求,
09:05
for recycled materials
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使回收后的材料
09:07
to be used as raw materials for manufacturing.
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成为制造业的原材料。
09:09
And in my hometown, we actually tried to do one of these in the Bronx,
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在我家乡,我们已经在布朗克斯区尝试过这种模式,
09:12
but our mayor decided what he wanted to see
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可惜我们的市长
09:15
was a jail on that same spot.
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更想在那里建一个监狱,
09:17
Fortunately -- because we wanted to create hundreds of jobs --
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幸好- 我们本想可以创造几百个就业机会-
09:20
but after many years,
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而多年以后,
09:22
the city wanted to build a jail.
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这个城市居然决定在这里建造监狱,
09:24
They've since abandoned that project, thank goodness.
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感谢上苍,政府已经打消了这个念头。
09:27
Another problem: unhealthy food systems and unemployment.
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还有一个问题:不健康食品以及失业问题。
09:30
Working-class and poor urban Americans
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工人阶级以及城市贫困的美国人
09:32
are not benefiting economically
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并没有从现有的食品体系
09:34
from our current food system.
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得到经济利益。
09:36
It relies too much on transportation,
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这个体系过度使用交通运输,
09:38
chemical fertilization, big use of water
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化学肥料,大量水资源,
09:40
and also refrigeration.
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以及冷藏处理。
09:42
Mega agricultural operations
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大规模农业操作
09:44
often are responsible for poisoning our waterways and our land,
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不仅污染了水源以及土壤,
09:47
and it produces this incredibly unhealthy product
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还生产出对人体健康危害极高的产品
09:50
that costs us billions in healthcare
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让我们在医疗卫生方面损失了大把金钱,
09:52
and lost productivity.
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并降低了生产力。
09:54
And so we know "urban ag"
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同时,城市农业
09:56
is a big buzz topic this time of the year,
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现在成为了一个热点话题,
09:58
but it's mostly gardening,
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但它是以园艺为主的,
10:00
which has some value in community building -- lots of it --
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这对社区建设具有重大意义-
10:03
but it's not in terms of creating jobs
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但是却不能增加就业机会,
10:05
or for food production.
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也不能对食品生产做贡献。
10:07
The numbers just aren't there.
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园艺在这些方面的作用不显著。
10:09
Part of my work now is really laying the groundwork
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我的任务之一就是
10:11
to integrate urban ag and rural food systems
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为把城市农业与农产品体系结合起来做准备工作,
10:14
to hasten the demise of the 3,000-mile salad
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这样就能创造出一个城市农业的国内品牌,
10:17
by creating a national brand of urban-grown produce
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“千里送荔枝”的现状就会尽早退出历史舞台了,
10:20
in every city,
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这样,每个城市
10:22
that uses regional growing power
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都能使用本地耕种资源
10:24
and augments it with indoor growing facilities,
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增加个体农户所拥有和经营的
10:26
owned and operated by small growers,
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室内种植设施,
10:28
where now there are only consumers.
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而现在这个市场里只有消费者。
10:30
This can support seasonal farmers around metro areas
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这可以很好地扶持大城市里的季节性农户,
10:33
who are losing out because they really can't meet
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他们由于无力满足
10:35
the year-round demand for produce.
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全年生产的需求而逐渐衰落。
10:38
It's not a competition with rural farm;
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这不是在抢乡村农户的饭碗,
10:40
it's actually reinforcements.
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而是助他们一臂之力。
10:42
It allies in a really positive
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这是一个良性的
10:44
and economically viable food system.
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具有经济活力的食品体系。
10:46
The goal is to meet the cities' institutional demands
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它目标在于满足城市里
10:48
for hospitals,
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来自医院,
10:50
senior centers, schools, daycare centers,
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养老院,学校,托儿所的需求,
10:53
and produce a network of regional jobs, as well.
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并能创造一个地方就业网络。
10:56
This is smart infrastructure.
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这是非常精明的基础设施安排。
10:58
And how we manage our built environment
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我们对城市环境的建设
11:00
affects the health and well-being of people every single day.
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每时每刻都影响着人们的健康与幸福。
11:03
Our municipalities, rural and urban,
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我们城乡地区的政府
11:05
play the operational course of infrastructure --
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负责基础设施的具体操作事项-
11:08
things like waste disposal, energy demand,
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包括废物处理,能源需求,
11:11
as well as social costs of unemployment, drop-out rates, incarceration rates
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由失业,辍学,入狱所带来的社会损失,
11:14
and the impacts of various public health costs.
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还有公共医疗成本的种种影响。
11:17
Smart infrastructure can provide cost-saving ways
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精明的基础设施管理
11:20
for municipalities to handle
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能够帮助城乡政府
11:22
both infrastructure and social needs.
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协调好基础设施和社会需求。
11:24
And we want to shift the systems
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我们希望
11:26
that open the doors for people who were formerly tax burdens
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把那些光靠社会税收救济的人群
11:29
to become part of the tax base.
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转变为纳税人。
11:31
And imagine a national business model
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想象一下:一个能够创造地方就业机会,
11:33
that creates local jobs and smart infrastructure
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巧妙布置基础设施,并提高地方经济稳定的
11:36
to improve local economic stability.
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全国性商业模式。
11:39
So I'm hoping you can see a little theme here.
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希望大家能够看到这里有一个主题。
11:42
These examples indicate a trend.
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这些事例反映了一个趋势。
11:44
I haven't created it, and it's not happening by accident.
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这不是我有意制造的,也不是一个巧合。
11:47
I'm noticing that it's happening all over the country,
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我早就发现这趋势已经在全国范围内发生了,
11:49
and the good news is that it's growing.
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更令人开心的是,这趋势正不断增强。
11:51
And we all need to be invested in it.
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而且,我们都必须参与进去。
11:53
It is an essential pillar to this country's recovery.
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这是我们国家经济复苏的重要基石。
11:56
And I call it "hometown security."
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我把它成为“国土安全”。
11:59
The recession has us reeling and fearful,
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经济的衰退让我们惊慌失措,
12:02
and there's something in the air these days
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然而,这些天来,另一股力量
12:04
that is also very empowering.
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正在孕育而生。
12:06
It's a realization
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那就是我们意识到了
12:08
that we are the key
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经济复苏的关键
12:10
to our own recovery.
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在于我们自身。
12:12
Now is the time for us to act in our own communities
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现在,我们应当行动起来
12:15
where we think local and we act local.
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忧地方所忧,为当地社区做实事。
12:18
And when we do that, our neighbors --
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不管我们的邻居
12:20
be they next-door, or in the next state,
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是住在隔壁,住在邻州,
12:22
or in the next country --
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还是住在邻国-
12:24
will be just fine.
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我们都能给他们造福。
12:27
The sum of the local is the global.
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当地的总和就是全球。
12:30
Hometown security means rebuilding our natural defenses,
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“国土安全”的意义在于重建自然防御,
12:33
putting people to work,
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给人们工作,
12:35
restoring our natural systems.
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重筑自然系统。
12:37
Hometown security means creating wealth here at home,
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“国土安全”意在为家园创造财富,
12:40
instead of destroying it overseas.
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而不是糟蹋千里之外的财富。
12:42
Tackling social and environmental problems
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把社会问题与环境问题结合起来
12:44
at the same time with the same solution
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同时用同一方法解决,
12:47
yields great cost savings,
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能够节省大量人力物力,
12:49
wealth generation and national security.
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创造财富,并保障国家安全。
12:52
Many great and inspiring solutions
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许许多多绝妙的点子
12:54
have been generated across America.
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在美国各地迸发。
12:56
The challenge for us now
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我们目前所面临的问题是
12:58
is to identify and support countless more.
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如何找到并扶持更多的好点子。
13:01
Now, hometown security is about taking care of your own,
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尽管“国土安全”有照顾好自己的意思,
13:04
but it's not like the old saying,
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但这跟“仁爱先及亲友”
13:06
"charity begins at home."
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还是有本质区别的。
13:09
I recently read a book called "Love Leadership" by John Hope Bryant.
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我最近读了一本名为《爱的领导力》的书,作者是约翰·霍普·布莱恩特(John Hope Bryant)。
13:12
And it's about leading in a world
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书中写道,在一个被恐惧所充斥的世界里
13:14
that really does seem to be operating on the basis of fear.
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如何成为一个领导人。
13:17
And reading that book made me reexamine that theory
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读了这本书以后,我重新审视了我的理论,
13:20
because I need to explain what I mean by that.
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因为我必须清楚地解释其中的道理。
13:23
See, my dad
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大家看,这是我父亲,
13:25
was a great, great man in many ways.
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他在很多方面都非常出色。
13:27
He grew up in the segregated South,
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他在种族隔离时期的南方长大,
13:29
escaped lynching and all that
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在最艰苦的时期,
13:31
during some really hard times,
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逃过了私刑的迫害,
13:33
and he provided a really stable home for me and my siblings
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他给我和兄弟姐妹们提供了一个安稳的家,
13:36
and a whole bunch of other people that fell on hard times.
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他还帮助了许多生活困难的人们建立了自己的家。
13:40
But, like all of us, he had some problems.
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但是,和所有人一样,他有些坏毛病。
13:43
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
13:45
And his was gambling,
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他沉迷赌博,
13:47
compulsively.
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无法自拔。
13:49
To him that phrase, "Charity begins at home,"
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对于他而言“仁爱先及亲友”
13:52
meant that my payday -- or someone else's --
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意味着我的发薪日或其他人的发薪日
13:55
would just happen to coincide with his lucky day.
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正好就是他赌博发财的那一天。
13:57
So you need to help him out.
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他需要帮助。
13:59
And sometimes I would loan him money
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有时候,我会把学校打工和暑假工作挣得的钱
14:01
from my after-school or summer jobs,
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借给他,
14:04
and he always had the great intention
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他只要手气好,
14:06
of paying me back with interest,
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就会坚持连本带利
14:08
of course, after he hit it big.
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把钱还给我。
14:10
And he did sometimes, believe it or not,
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有时候,他很幸运,信不信由你,
14:12
at a racetrack in Los Angeles --
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他在洛杉矶的赛马场上赢了一些钱-
14:14
one reason to love L.A. -- back in the 1940s.
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洛杉矶受欢迎的原因之一- 那时是二十世纪四十年代的事了,
14:17
He made 15,000 dollars cash
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他赚了一万五千美元现金,
14:19
and bought the house that I grew up in.
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买下了一间房子,我就是在这间房子里长大的。
14:21
So I'm not that unhappy about that.
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对此,我并没有什么意见。
14:23
But listen, I did feel obligated to him,
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但是,我对他应负有义务之责。
14:26
and I grew up -- then I grew up.
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我渐渐长大。
14:29
And I'm a grown woman now,
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现在我已经是成年人了。
14:31
and I have learned a few things along the way.
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在成长的过程中,我学会了很多道理。
14:33
To me, charity
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对于我而言,
14:35
often is just about giving,
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仁爱往往意味着给予,
14:37
because you're supposed to,
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是你分内的事情,
14:39
or because it's what you've always done,
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是你一直在做的事情,
14:41
or it's about giving until it hurts.
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也可能是你一厢情愿的付出。
14:44
I'm about providing the means
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我认为仁爱是
14:46
to build something that will grow
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推动事情的发展
14:48
and intensify its original investment
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将最初的投入增值和最大化,
14:51
and not just require greater giving next year --
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而不是为下一年增大投入-
14:53
I'm not trying to feed the habit.
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我不想纵容父亲的坏毛病。
14:55
I spent some years
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我花了几年时间
14:57
watching how good intentions for community empowerment,
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观察那些意在
15:00
that were supposed to be there
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帮助并支持社区的
15:02
to support the community and empower it,
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良好动机
15:05
actually left people
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如何让人们
15:07
in the same, if not worse, position that they were in before.
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裹足不前。
15:10
And over the past 20 years,
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在过去的20年里,
15:12
we've spent record amounts of philanthropic dollars
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我们为解决社会问题
15:14
on social problems,
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花了不少善款,
15:16
yet educational outcomes,
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然而教育的成果,
15:18
malnutrition, incarceration,
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营养不良,牢狱,
15:20
obesity, diabetes, income disparity,
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肥胖,糖尿病,工资分配不均等问题
15:22
they've all gone up with some exceptions --
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都在加剧,也有例外
15:25
in particular, infant mortality
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比如贫困人口中
15:28
among people in poverty --
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婴儿死亡率有所下降-
15:30
but it's a great world that we're bringing them into as well.
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但是我们的目标是让他们过上幸福的美好人生。
15:34
And I know a little bit about these issues,
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我多少了解这些问题的实际情况,
15:36
because, for many years, I spent a long time
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因为我曾在非营利性行业里
15:39
in the non-profit industrial complex,
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工作过很多年。
15:41
and I'm a recovering executive director,
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我现在是一名执行理事,
15:43
two years clean.
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足足干了两年。
15:45
(Laughter)
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(笑声)
15:47
But during that time, I realized that it was about projects
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在那段时间里,我意识到,
15:50
and developing them on the local level
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只有因地制宜地发展
15:52
that really was going to do the right thing for our communities.
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我们才能造福当地社区。
15:55
But I really did struggle for financial support.
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我碰到了资金方面的问题。
15:58
The greater our success,
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我们的工程做得越火,
16:00
the less money came in from foundations.
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赞助机构给的钱就越少。
16:02
And I tell you, being on the TED stage
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实话说,在同一年里既被邀来在TED讲话,
16:04
and winning a MacArthur in the same exact year
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又获得了“麦克阿瑟奖”
16:06
gave everyone the impression that I had arrived.
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大家都以为我已经是个成功人士了。
16:09
And by the time I'd moved on,
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其实,为了让我的工作继续下去,
16:11
I was actually covering a third
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我依靠演讲所获得的收入
16:13
of my agency's budget deficit with speaking fees.
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支付了我机构三分之一的开销。
16:16
And I think because early on, frankly,
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早些时候,坦白说,
16:18
my programs were just a little bit ahead of their time.
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我的项目也就比计划提前一点完成了。
16:20
But since then,
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在此之后,
16:22
the park that was just a dump and was featured at a TED2006 Talk
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这一片垃圾掩埋场-我在TED2006年的演讲中重点提到过它-
16:25
became this little thing.
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后来成了这个小公园。
16:28
But I did in fact get married in it.
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我还在这里举行了婚礼呢。
16:30
Over here.
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就在这里。
16:32
There goes my dog who led me to the park in my wedding.
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我的狗正把我牵到婚礼举行的地点。
16:38
The South Bronx Greenway
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南布朗克斯绿化带
16:40
was also just a drawing on the stage back in 2006.
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在2006年还只是图纸上的一幅画。
16:43
Since then, we got
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在那之后,我们得到了
16:45
about 50 million dollars in stimulus package money
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将近五千万美元的一揽子刺激计划资金
16:47
to come and get here.
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来建设绿化带。
16:49
And we love this, because I love construction now,
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我们很开心,我看到施工就很愉快,
16:51
because we're watching these things actually happen.
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应为我们能亲眼见证工程的发展。
16:53
So I want everyone to understand
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我希望大家看到
16:55
the critical importance
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把公益事业转变为企业事业
16:57
of shifting charity into enterprise.
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是多么重要。
17:00
I started my firm to help communities across the country
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我开办了自己的公司,就是为了帮助全国各地的社区
17:03
realize their own potential
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实践他们的自身潜力
17:05
to improve everything about the quality of life for their people.
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从而进一步从方方面面提高人们的生活质量。
17:08
Hometown security
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“国土安全”
17:10
is next on my to-do list.
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就是我的下一步行动。
17:12
What we need are people who see the value
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我们需要吸引那些有慧眼的人
17:14
in investing in these types of local enterprises,
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向这些类型的当地企业进行投资,
17:17
who will partner with folks like me
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吸引那些愿意和我这样的人合作的伙伴
17:19
to identify the growth trends and climate adaptation
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我们都力求找到发展的趋势,适应气候变化的要求,
17:22
as well as understand the growing social costs
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并理解商业发展的社会成本
17:25
of business as usual.
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是不断增加的。
17:27
We need to work together
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我们必须齐心协力,
17:29
to embrace and repair our land,
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拥抱并修复我们的土地,
17:31
repair our power systems
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修复电力系统,
17:33
and repair ourselves.
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并进行自我反省。
17:35
It's time to stop building
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不要再为
17:37
the shopping malls, the prisons,
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商业广场,监狱,
17:39
the stadiums
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体育馆,
17:41
and other tributes to all of our collective failures.
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和其它设施浪费钱了。
17:45
It is time that we start building
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我们应该开始构筑
17:47
living monuments to hope and possibility.
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充满生气的希望长城。
17:50
Thank you very much.
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非常感谢大家。
17:52
(Applause)
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(热烈掌声)
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