Majora Carter: 3 stories of local eco-entrepreneurship

38,635 views ・ 2011-01-03

TED


請雙擊下方英文字幕播放視頻。

譯者: Geoff Chen 審譯者: Ana Choi
00:16
So today, I'm going to tell you about some people
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今天,我要向各位介紹一些
00:19
who didn't move out of their neighborhoods.
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從未離開過家鄉的人。
00:22
The first one is happening right here in Chicago.
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第一位來自芝加哥。
00:25
Brenda Palms-Farber was hired
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Brenda Palms-Farber ,她的工作是
00:27
to help ex-convicts reenter society
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幫助有前科的人重返社會
00:30
and keep them from going back into prison.
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並防止他們再犯罪。
00:32
Currently, taxpayers spend
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目前統計,我們納稅人
00:34
about 60,000 dollars per year
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每年要支付近 6 萬美元
00:37
sending a person to jail.
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來供養一位監獄的囚犯。
00:39
We know that two-thirds of them are going to go back.
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而我們都知道,有三分之二的人會再回到監獄裡。
00:41
I find it interesting that, for every one dollar
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但有趣的是,
00:43
we spend, however, on early childhood education,
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如果我們多花一元在幼兒教育上,
00:45
like Head Start,
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像Head Start (美國政府的幼兒教育計畫),
00:47
we save 17 dollars
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在未來,我們就能
00:49
on stuff like incarceration in the future.
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少花17元在監禁犯身上。
00:52
Or -- think about it -- that 60,000 dollars
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從另一個角度來想,
00:54
is more than what it costs
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有6萬美元的話,
00:56
to send one person to Harvard as well.
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把一個人送去哈佛念書還綽綽有餘。
00:58
But Brenda, not being phased by stuff like that,
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但 Brenda 並沒有被這些事情困擾,
01:01
took a look at her challenge
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她接受眼前的挑戰,
01:03
and came up
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並採取了
01:05
with a not-so-obvious solution:
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一個看起來不太起眼的解決方案:
01:07
create a business
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成立一家公司
01:09
that produces skin care products from honey.
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專門生產蜂蜜成分的護膚品。
01:12
Okay, it might be obvious to some of you; it wasn't to me.
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好吧,我知道對各位來說可能沒什麼特別,但對我來說剛好相反。
01:14
It's the basis of growing a form of social innovation
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一個社會創新企業的成長動力
01:17
that has real potential.
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來自於它的潛力。
01:19
She hired seemingly unemployable men and women
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表面上,她雇用了一些失業的男女
01:22
to care for the bees, harvest the honey
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去照顧蜜蜂,採收蜂蜜
01:24
and make value-added products
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製造有附加價值的產品,
01:26
that they marketed themselves,
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然後作行銷,
01:28
and that were later sold at Whole Foods.
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隨後在 Whole Foods 銷售(美國最大的有機超市)。
01:30
She combined employment experience and training
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她將工作經驗和訓練
01:33
with life skills they needed,
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融入成為他們的生活技能,
01:35
like anger-management and teamwork,
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像是把情緒管理和團隊合作合併,
01:37
and also how to talk to future employers
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也教員工
01:40
about how their experiences
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如何能向未來的新進人員
01:42
actually demonstrated the lessons that they had learned
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訴說他們所學到的教訓,
01:44
and their eagerness to learn more.
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以及他們對於學習的熱忱。
01:46
Less than four percent
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在她的公司中
01:48
of the folks that went through her program
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再回到監獄的員工
01:50
actually go back to jail.
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足足低於4%。
01:52
So these young men and women learned job-readiness
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這些男女透過照顧蜜蜂
01:55
and life skills through bee keeping
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得到工作技能和生活技能,
01:57
and became productive citizens in the process.
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同時也變成有生產力的人民。
02:00
Talk about a sweet beginning.
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這是一個美妙的開端。
02:03
Now, I'm going to take you to Los Angeles,
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現在,我要帶各位前往洛杉磯。
02:05
and lots of people know
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大多數人都知道
02:07
that L.A. has its issues.
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洛杉磯有很多問題待解決。
02:09
But I'm going to talk about L.A.'s water issues right now.
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而我現在要討論的是洛杉磯的食水問題。
02:12
They have not enough water on most days
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在大多數的日子裡,洛杉磯都有缺乏飲用水的問題,
02:14
and too much to handle when it rains.
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但是下雨的話水量又太多。
02:17
Currently, 20 percent
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近年來,
02:19
of California's energy consumption
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加州有20%的用電
02:21
is used to pump water
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都是用來抽取地下水
02:23
into mostly Southern California.
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以便支援南加州的缺水。
02:25
Their spending loads, loads,
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同時又要花大筆的金錢
02:27
to channel that rainwater out into the ocean
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將下大雨後的泛濫大水
02:29
when it rains and floods as well.
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引導到大海裡。
02:31
Now Andy Lipkis is working to help
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Andy Lipkis 的工作
02:33
L.A. cut infrastructure costs
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就是協助洛杉磯政府削減
02:35
associated with water management and urban heat island --
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水資源管理和熱島效應所帶來的成本支出,
02:38
linking trees, people and technology
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將樹木、人、科技串聯起來
02:41
to create a more livable city.
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創造一個更適人居住的城市。
02:43
All that green stuff actually naturally absorbs storm water,
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綠色的大樹能吸收大量的水分,
02:46
also helps cool our cities.
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同時又幫助城市降溫。
02:48
Because, come to think about it,
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各位可以想像一下,
02:50
do you really want air-conditioning,
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你需要的是一台冷氣,
02:52
or is it a cooler room that you want?
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還是一間比較涼爽的房間?
02:54
How you get it shouldn't make that much of a difference.
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不管使用那種方法,只要能夠達到預期的效果就行了。
02:57
So a few years ago,
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就在幾年前,
02:59
L.A. County
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洛杉磯縣
03:01
decided that they needed to spend 2.5 billion dollars
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決定投入二十五億美元
03:04
to repair the city schools.
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修整全市的學校。
03:07
And Andy and his team discovered
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Andy 和他的團隊得知
03:09
that they were going to spend 200 million of those dollars
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政府將把其中兩億美元
03:12
on asphalt to surround the schools themselves.
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用於給學校四周的路面鋪上瀝青。
03:15
And by presenting a really strong economic case,
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通過展示一個非常經濟實惠的案例,
03:18
they convinced the L.A. government
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他們說服洛杉磯政府改變計畫,
03:20
that replacing that asphalt
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將瀝青
03:22
with trees and other greenery,
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換成綠樹和其它綠化帶,
03:24
that the schools themselves would save the system more on energy
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這樣學校在綠化建設方面
03:27
than they spend on horticultural infrastructure.
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節省更多人力物力。
03:31
So ultimately, 20 million square feet of asphalt
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最後,鋪兩千萬平方英尺瀝青路的計畫
03:33
was replaced or avoided,
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被取消了,
03:35
and electrical consumption for air-conditioning went down,
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同時,使用空調所需的電力消耗降低了,
03:38
while employment
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綠化帶需要人照顧,
03:40
for people to maintain those grounds went up,
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這樣,許多人找到了工作,
03:43
resulting in a net-savings to the system,
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成本就這樣被降低了,
03:45
but also healthier students and schools system employees as well.
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同時,師生們得到了更健康的生活環境。
03:49
Now Judy Bonds
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這是 Judy Bonds。
03:51
is a coal miner's daughter.
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一個煤炭礦工的女兒。
03:53
Her family has eight generations
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她家庭的八代人
03:55
in a town called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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都住在西維吉尼亞州一個叫做 Whitesville 的小鎮上。
03:58
And if anyone should be clinging
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如果有誰會以這個小鎮
04:00
to the former glory of the coal mining history,
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光輝的煤炭開採史為榮,
04:02
and of the town,
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以小鎮為榮,
04:04
it should be Judy.
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那非 Judy 莫屬了。
04:06
But the way coal is mined right now is different
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然而,現在的煤炭開採
04:08
from the deep mines that her father
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與過去她的父親
04:10
and her father's father would go down into
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以及祖父當年在深井裡
04:12
and that employed essentially thousands and thousands of people.
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幾千人同時作業的開採方式,大不相同。
04:15
Now, two dozen men
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現在只要二十幾個人
04:17
can tear down a mountain in several months,
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就能在幾個月內把一座山開採一空,
04:19
and only for about a few years' worth of coal.
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而開採出的煤炭只夠使用幾年。
04:22
That kind of technology is called "mountaintop removal."
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這種開採技術叫做山巔移除採礦法。
04:25
It can make a mountain go from this to this
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它能使一座山在短短數月裡
04:28
in a few short months.
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從這樣變成那樣。
04:30
Just imagine that the air surrounding these places --
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想像一下周圍的空氣品質-
04:32
it's filled with the residue of explosives and coal.
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到處彌漫著易爆物和煤炭殘渣。
04:35
When we visited, it gave some of the people we were with
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我們去到那裡的時候,同行的一些人
04:37
this strange little cough
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莫名其妙地開始咳嗽
04:39
after being only there for just a few hours or so --
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我們只在那裡停留了幾個小時-
04:41
not just miners, but everybody.
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不僅是礦工,所有人都有同樣症狀。
04:43
And Judy saw her landscape being destroyed
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Judy 眼睜睜看著家園被破壞,
04:45
and her water poisoned.
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水體被污染。
04:47
And the coal companies just move on
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煤礦公司一旦把山挖空
04:49
after the mountain was emptied,
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就一走了之,
04:51
leaving even more unemployment in their wake.
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使越來越多礦工失業。
04:53
But she also saw the difference in potential wind energy
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然而,她還看到了一座完整山體上風能的潛力
04:56
on an intact mountain,
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比另一座
04:58
and one that was reduced in elevation
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海拔相對低了兩千英尺的山體
05:00
by over 2,000 feet.
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要多出許多。
05:02
Three years of dirty energy with not many jobs,
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用三年時間來開採污染環境的能源,
05:05
or centuries of clean energy
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相比開發能夠持續幾百年的清潔能源,究竟哪個更合算呢?
05:07
with the potential for developing expertise and improvements in efficiency
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前者會使許多人丟了工作,而後者卻有潛力發展專業技能,
05:10
based on technical skills,
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提高技術效率,
05:12
and developing local knowledge
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根據當地情況
05:14
about how to get the most out of that region's wind.
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最大程度地開發和利用風力資源。
05:16
She calculated the up-front cost
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她計算了初始成本
05:18
and the payback over time,
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以及回報,
05:20
and it's a net-plus on so many levels
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結果表明這對地方,國家,乃至全球經濟
05:22
for the local, national and global economy.
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都會帶來更高的淨收益。
05:25
It's a longer payback than mountaintop removal,
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相比開採山頂煤礦,風能可以帶來長期回報,
05:28
but the wind energy actually pays back forever.
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而且這種風能源回報甚至是永久的。
05:31
Now mountaintop removal pays very little money to the locals,
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開採山頂煤礦給當地居民的回報很少,
05:34
and it gives them a lot of misery.
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並且還讓他們吃不少苦頭。
05:36
The water is turned into goo.
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原本潔淨的水變成了臭水。
05:38
Most people are still unemployed,
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大多數人沒有工作,
05:40
leading to most of the same kinds of social problems
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由此,這裡的失業人群
05:42
that unemployed people in inner cities also experience --
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與大城市裡失業的人們面臨著同樣的社會問題-
05:45
drug and alcohol abuse,
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吸毒、酗酒、
05:47
domestic abuse, teen pregnancy and poor heath, as well.
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家庭暴力,未成年少女懷孕以及糟糕的健康狀況。
05:50
Now Judy and I -- I have to say --
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現在 Judy 和我-我可以這麼說-
05:52
totally related to each other.
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我們志同道合。
05:54
Not quite an obvious alliance.
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我們關係好得很。
05:56
I mean, literally, her hometown is called Whitesville, West Virginia.
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你看,她的家鄉是西維吉尼亞州的 Whitesville。
05:58
I mean, they are not --
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他們不是-
06:00
they ain't competing for the birthplace of hip hop title
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他們可沒在跟時尚嘻哈族群爭地盤,
06:03
or anything like that.
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絲毫也沒有。
06:05
But the back of my T-shirt, the one that she gave me,
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但是,在她送我的T恤衫背面,
06:08
says, "Save the endangered hillbillies."
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寫著:「拯救瀕臨絕種的鄉下人」。
06:13
So homegirls and hillbillies we got it together
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就這樣嘻哈女孩和鄉巴佬走在一起,
06:16
and totally understand that this is what it's all about.
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非常明確各自的使命。
06:19
But just a few months ago,
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然而就在幾個月前,
06:21
Judy was diagnosed
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Judy 被診斷出
06:23
with stage-three lung cancer.
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患末期的肺癌。
06:26
Yeah.
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真的。
06:28
And it has since moved to her bones and her brain.
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而且已經蔓延到了她的骨頭和大腦。
06:33
And I just find it so bizarre
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這真是太荒謬了,
06:36
that she's suffering from the same thing
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她竭盡全力幫助人們防止肺癌,
06:38
that she tried so hard to protect people from.
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而自己卻得了肺癌。
06:41
But her dream
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但是她的
06:43
of Coal River Mountain Wind
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「煤河山風力發電專案」
06:45
is her legacy.
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仍將繼續。
06:47
And she might not
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也許,她等不到
06:50
get to see that mountaintop.
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專案完成的那一天了。
06:53
But rather than writing
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她並沒有僅僅留下
06:55
yet some kind of manifesto or something,
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一紙宣言,
06:57
she's leaving behind
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而是她正詳細劃定
06:59
a business plan to make it happen.
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實施專案的具體計畫。
07:01
That's what my homegirl is doing.
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我的這位姐妹正在忙這件事情。
07:03
So I'm so proud of that.
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我為她感到驕傲。
07:05
(Applause)
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(眾人鼓掌)
07:10
But these three people
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這三個人
07:12
don't know each other,
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彼此並不相識,
07:14
but they do have an awful lot in common.
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但是他們有著驚人的相似之處。
07:16
They're all problem solvers,
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他們都是解決問題的帶頭人,
07:18
and they're just some of the many examples
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我非常幸運能夠結識他們並且向他們學習,
07:20
that I really am privileged to see, meet and learn from
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我在工作中見識到了許多榜樣,
07:22
in the examples of the work that I do now.
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他們就是其中幾位模範。
07:24
I was really lucky to have them all featured
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我很幸運地將他們的事蹟
07:26
on my Corporation for Public Radio radio show
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在我網路公共廣播電臺的節目作為主秀中展示
07:28
called ThePromisedLand.org.
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稱為“應許之地 (ThePromisedLand.org)”。
07:30
Now they're all very practical visionaries.
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他們都是有遠見的實業家。
07:32
They take a look at the demands that are out there --
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他們仔細審視眼前的需求-
07:35
beauty products, healthy schools, electricity --
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美容產品,健康的校園,電力-
07:37
and how the money's flowing to meet those demands.
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並想辦法滿足這些需求。
07:39
And when the cheapest solutions
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如果你想通過削減員工人數
07:41
involve reducing the number of jobs,
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來解決問題,
07:43
you're left with unemployed people,
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那麼將有許多人失業,
07:45
and those people aren't cheap.
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而這些人可不是省油的燈。
07:47
In fact, they make up some of what I call the most expensive citizens,
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事實上,我認為他們是最奢侈的公民,
07:50
and they include generationally impoverished,
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他們其中有許多人是從中東戰場上
07:52
traumatized vets returning from the Middle East,
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退伍回鄉的傷兵,他們世世代代貧窮,受傷痛之苦;
07:54
people coming out of jail.
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另外還有刑滿釋放的人。
07:56
And for the veterans in particular,
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拿那些老兵來說,
07:58
the V.A. said there's a six-fold increase
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根據退伍軍人事務部公佈的資料,
08:01
in mental health pharmaceuticals by vets since 2003.
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自2003年以來退伍軍人服用的精神方面的藥物增加了六倍。
08:04
I think that number's probably going to go up.
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我認為這個數字目前仍然在上升。
08:06
They're not the largest number of people,
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他們並不是最龐大的群體,
08:08
but they are some of the most expensive --
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但卻是開銷最大的群體之一。
08:10
and in terms of the likelihood for domestic abuse, drug and alcohol abuse,
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他們是家庭暴力,吸毒酗酒的高危人群,
08:13
poor performance by their kids in schools
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他們的子女在學校普遍不如其他家庭的孩子,
08:16
and also poor health as a result of stress.
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由於承受巨大壓力,他們的身體健康非常差。
08:18
So these three guys all understand
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我所提到的這三位
08:20
how to productively channel dollars
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都懂得如何有效地
08:22
through our local economies
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把資金引入地方經濟
08:24
to meet existing market demands,
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以滿足市場需求,
08:26
reduce the social problems that we have now
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解決現存的社會問題,
08:28
and prevent new problems in the future.
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並防止新問題的產生。
08:31
And there are plenty of other examples like that.
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這樣的例子不可勝數。
08:33
One problem: waste handling and unemployment.
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例一: 廢物處理與失業問題。
08:36
Even when we think or talk about recycling,
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當我們思考或討論如何回收再用時,
08:38
lots of recyclable stuff ends up getting incinerated or in landfills
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許多可回收物品已經被焚化或掩埋了,
08:41
and leaving many municipalities, diversion rates --
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這加大了城市的回收分流難度,
08:44
they leave much to be recycled.
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使回收過程更複雜。
08:46
And where is this waste handled? Usually in poor communities.
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這些廢物都在哪裡被處理? 一般在貧困的社區裡。
08:49
And we know that eco-industrial business, these kinds of business models --
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大家知道,在生態工業的運作模式中
08:52
there's a model in Europe called the eco-industrial park,
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有這樣一種模式,它在歐洲被稱為生態工業園區。
08:55
where either the waste of one company is the raw material for another,
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在這裡,你既可以把一家公司的廢物交給另一家公司做原料,
08:58
or you use recycled materials
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也可以把材料回收利用
09:00
to make goods that you can actually use and sell.
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生產出新的商品。
09:02
We can create these local markets and incentives
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我們可以在當地鼓勵和創造這樣的當地市場需求,
09:05
for recycled materials
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使回收後的材料
09:07
to be used as raw materials for manufacturing.
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成為製造業的原材料。
09:09
And in my hometown, we actually tried to do one of these in the Bronx,
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在我家鄉,我們已經在 Bronx 嘗試過這種模式,
09:12
but our mayor decided what he wanted to see
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可惜我們的市長
09:15
was a jail on that same spot.
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更想在那裡建一個監獄,
09:17
Fortunately -- because we wanted to create hundreds of jobs --
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幸好,我們本想可以創造幾百個就業機會-
09:20
but after many years,
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而多年以後,
09:22
the city wanted to build a jail.
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這個城市居然決定在這裡建造監獄,
09:24
They've since abandoned that project, thank goodness.
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感謝主,政府已經打消了這個念頭。
09:27
Another problem: unhealthy food systems and unemployment.
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還有一個問題: 不健康食品以及失業問題。
09:30
Working-class and poor urban Americans
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工人階級以及城市貧困的美國人
09:32
are not benefiting economically
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並沒有從現有的糧食系統
09:34
from our current food system.
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得到經濟利益。
09:36
It relies too much on transportation,
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這個體系過度使用交通運輸,
09:38
chemical fertilization, big use of water
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化學肥料,大量水資源,
09:40
and also refrigeration.
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以及冷藏處理。
09:42
Mega agricultural operations
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大規模農業操作
09:44
often are responsible for poisoning our waterways and our land,
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不僅污染了水源以及土壤,
09:47
and it produces this incredibly unhealthy product
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還生產出對人體健康危害極高的產品
09:50
that costs us billions in healthcare
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讓我們在醫療衛生方面損失了大把金錢,
09:52
and lost productivity.
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並降低了生產力。
09:54
And so we know "urban ag"
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同時,城市農業
09:56
is a big buzz topic this time of the year,
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現在成為了一個熱門話題,
09:58
but it's mostly gardening,
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但它是以園藝為主的,
10:00
which has some value in community building -- lots of it --
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這對社區建設具有重大意義--
10:03
but it's not in terms of creating jobs
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但是卻不能增加就業機會,
10:05
or for food production.
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也不能對食品生產做貢獻。
10:07
The numbers just aren't there.
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園藝在這些方面的作用不顯著。
10:09
Part of my work now is really laying the groundwork
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我的任務之一就是
10:11
to integrate urban ag and rural food systems
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為把城市農業與農產品體系結合起來做準備工作,
10:14
to hasten the demise of the 3,000-mile salad
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這樣就能創造出一個城市農業的國內品牌,
10:17
by creating a national brand of urban-grown produce
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遙運沙律的現狀就會儘早退出市場了,
10:20
in every city,
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這樣,每個城市
10:22
that uses regional growing power
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都能使用本地的耕種資源
10:24
and augments it with indoor growing facilities,
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增加自耕農所擁有和經營的
10:26
owned and operated by small growers,
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室內種植設施,
10:28
where now there are only consumers.
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而現在這個市場裡只有消費者。
10:30
This can support seasonal farmers around metro areas
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這可以很好地扶持大城市裡的季節性農戶,
10:33
who are losing out because they really can't meet
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他們由於無力滿足
10:35
the year-round demand for produce.
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全年生產的需求而逐漸衰落。
10:38
It's not a competition with rural farm;
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這不是在搶鄉村農民的飯碗,
10:40
it's actually reinforcements.
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而是助他們一臂之力。
10:42
It allies in a really positive
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這是一個良性的
10:44
and economically viable food system.
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具有經濟活力的食品體系。
10:46
The goal is to meet the cities' institutional demands
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它目標在於滿足城市裡
10:48
for hospitals,
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來自醫院、
10:50
senior centers, schools, daycare centers,
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養老院、學校、托兒所的需求,
10:53
and produce a network of regional jobs, as well.
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並能創造一個地方就業網路。
10:56
This is smart infrastructure.
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這是非常精明的基礎設施安排。
10:58
And how we manage our built environment
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我們對城市環境的建設
11:00
affects the health and well-being of people every single day.
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時時刻刻都影響著人們的健康與幸福。
11:03
Our municipalities, rural and urban,
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我們城鄉地區的政府
11:05
play the operational course of infrastructure --
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負責基礎設施的具體操作事項
11:08
things like waste disposal, energy demand,
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包括廢物處理、能源需求、
11:11
as well as social costs of unemployment, drop-out rates, incarceration rates
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由失業、輟學、入獄所帶來的社會損失,
11:14
and the impacts of various public health costs.
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還有公共醫療成本的種種影響。
11:17
Smart infrastructure can provide cost-saving ways
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精明的基礎設施管理
11:20
for municipalities to handle
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能夠幫助城鄉政府
11:22
both infrastructure and social needs.
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協調好基礎設施和社會需求。
11:24
And we want to shift the systems
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我們希望
11:26
that open the doors for people who were formerly tax burdens
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把那些光靠社會稅收救濟的人群
11:29
to become part of the tax base.
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轉變為納稅人。
11:31
And imagine a national business model
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想像一下: 一個能夠創造地方就業機會,
11:33
that creates local jobs and smart infrastructure
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巧妙佈置基礎設施,並提高地方經濟穩定的
11:36
to improve local economic stability.
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全國性商業模式。
11:39
So I'm hoping you can see a little theme here.
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希望大家能夠看到這裡有一個主題。
11:42
These examples indicate a trend.
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這些事例反應了一個趨勢。
11:44
I haven't created it, and it's not happening by accident.
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這不是我有意製造的,也不是一個巧合。
11:47
I'm noticing that it's happening all over the country,
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我早就發現這趨勢已經在全國範圍內發生了,
11:49
and the good news is that it's growing.
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更令人開心的是,這趨勢正不斷增強。
11:51
And we all need to be invested in it.
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而且,我們都必須參與進去。
11:53
It is an essential pillar to this country's recovery.
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這是我們國家經濟復甦的重要基石。
11:56
And I call it "hometown security."
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我把它稱為「家鄉安全」。
11:59
The recession has us reeling and fearful,
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經濟的衰退讓我們驚慌失措,
12:02
and there's something in the air these days
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然而,這些日子來,另一股力量
12:04
that is also very empowering.
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正在孕育而生。
12:06
It's a realization
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那就是我們意識到了
12:08
that we are the key
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經濟復甦的關鍵
12:10
to our own recovery.
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在於我們自身。
12:12
Now is the time for us to act in our own communities
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現在,我們應當行動起來
12:15
where we think local and we act local.
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憂地方所憂,為當地社區做實事。
12:18
And when we do that, our neighbors --
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不管我們的鄰居
12:20
be they next-door, or in the next state,
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是住在隔壁,住在鄰州,
12:22
or in the next country --
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還是住在鄰國
12:24
will be just fine.
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我們都能給他們創造利益。
12:27
The sum of the local is the global.
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當地的總和就是全球。
12:30
Hometown security means rebuilding our natural defenses,
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「家鄉安全」的意義在於重建自然防禦,
12:33
putting people to work,
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給人們工作,
12:35
restoring our natural systems.
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重築自然系統。
12:37
Hometown security means creating wealth here at home,
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「家鄉安全」是爲了家園創造財富,
12:40
instead of destroying it overseas.
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而不是糟蹋千里之外的財富。
12:42
Tackling social and environmental problems
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把社會問題與環境問題結合起來
12:44
at the same time with the same solution
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同時用同一方法解決,
12:47
yields great cost savings,
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能夠節省大量人力物力,
12:49
wealth generation and national security.
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創造財富,並保障國家安全。
12:52
Many great and inspiring solutions
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許多許多絕妙的點子
12:54
have been generated across America.
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在美國各地迸發。
12:56
The challenge for us now
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我們目前所面臨的問題是
12:58
is to identify and support countless more.
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如何找到並培育更多的好點子。
13:01
Now, hometown security is about taking care of your own,
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儘管「家鄉安全」有照顧好自己的意思,
13:04
but it's not like the old saying,
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但這跟「仁愛先及親友」這句老話
13:06
"charity begins at home."
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還是有本質區別的。
13:09
I recently read a book called "Love Leadership" by John Hope Bryant.
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我最近讀了一本名為《愛的領導力》的書,作者是 John Hope Bryant。
13:12
And it's about leading in a world
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書中寫道,在一個被恐懼所充斥的世界裡
13:14
that really does seem to be operating on the basis of fear.
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如何成為一個領導人。
13:17
And reading that book made me reexamine that theory
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讀了這本書以後,我重新審視了我的理論,
13:20
because I need to explain what I mean by that.
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因為我必須清楚地解釋其中的道理。
13:23
See, my dad
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大家看,這是我父親,
13:25
was a great, great man in many ways.
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他在很多方面都非常出色。
13:27
He grew up in the segregated South,
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他在種族隔離時期的南方長大,
13:29
escaped lynching and all that
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在最艱苦的時期,
13:31
during some really hard times,
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逃過了私刑的迫害,
13:33
and he provided a really stable home for me and my siblings
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他給我和兄弟姐妹們提供了一個安穩的家,
13:36
and a whole bunch of other people that fell on hard times.
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他還幫助了許多生活困難的人們建立了自己的家。
13:40
But, like all of us, he had some problems.
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但是,和所有人一樣,他有些壞毛病。
13:43
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
13:45
And his was gambling,
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他沉迷賭博,
13:47
compulsively.
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無法自拔。
13:49
To him that phrase, "Charity begins at home,"
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對於他而言“仁愛先及親友”
13:52
meant that my payday -- or someone else's --
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意味著我的發薪日或其他人的發薪日
13:55
would just happen to coincide with his lucky day.
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正好就是他賭博發財的那一天。
13:57
So you need to help him out.
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他需要幫助。
13:59
And sometimes I would loan him money
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有時候,我會把學校打工和暑假工作掙得的錢
14:01
from my after-school or summer jobs,
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借給他,
14:04
and he always had the great intention
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他只要手氣好,
14:06
of paying me back with interest,
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就會堅持連本帶利
14:08
of course, after he hit it big.
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把錢還給我。
14:10
And he did sometimes, believe it or not,
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有時候,他很幸運,信不信由你,
14:12
at a racetrack in Los Angeles --
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他在洛杉磯的賽馬場上贏了一些錢
14:14
one reason to love L.A. -- back in the 1940s.
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洛杉磯受歡迎的原因之一: 那時是二十世紀四十年代的事了,
14:17
He made 15,000 dollars cash
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他賺了一萬五千美元現金,
14:19
and bought the house that I grew up in.
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買下了一間房子,我就是在這間房子裡長大的。
14:21
So I'm not that unhappy about that.
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對此,我並沒有什麼意見。
14:23
But listen, I did feel obligated to him,
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但是,我對他應負有義務之責。
14:26
and I grew up -- then I grew up.
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我漸漸長大。
14:29
And I'm a grown woman now,
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現在我已經是成年人了。
14:31
and I have learned a few things along the way.
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在成長的過程中,我學會了很多道理。
14:33
To me, charity
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對於我而言,
14:35
often is just about giving,
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仁愛往往意味著給予,
14:37
because you're supposed to,
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是你分內的事情,
14:39
or because it's what you've always done,
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是你一直在做的事情,
14:41
or it's about giving until it hurts.
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也可能是你一廂情願的付出。
14:44
I'm about providing the means
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我認為仁愛是
14:46
to build something that will grow
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推動事情的發展
14:48
and intensify its original investment
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將最初的投入增值和最大化,
14:51
and not just require greater giving next year --
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而不是為下一年增大投入-
14:53
I'm not trying to feed the habit.
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我不想縱容父親的壞毛病。
14:55
I spent some years
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我花了幾年時間
14:57
watching how good intentions for community empowerment,
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觀察那些意在
15:00
that were supposed to be there
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幫助並支持社區的
15:02
to support the community and empower it,
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良好動機
15:05
actually left people
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如何讓人們
15:07
in the same, if not worse, position that they were in before.
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裹足不前。
15:10
And over the past 20 years,
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在過去的20年裡,
15:12
we've spent record amounts of philanthropic dollars
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我們為解決社會問題
15:14
on social problems,
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花了不少捐助款項,
15:16
yet educational outcomes,
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然而教育的成果,
15:18
malnutrition, incarceration,
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營養不良,牢獄,
15:20
obesity, diabetes, income disparity,
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肥胖,糖尿病,工資分配不均等問題
15:22
they've all gone up with some exceptions --
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都在加劇,也有例外
15:25
in particular, infant mortality
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比如貧困人口中
15:28
among people in poverty --
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嬰兒死亡率有所下降--
15:30
but it's a great world that we're bringing them into as well.
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但是我們的目標是讓他們過上幸福的美好人生。
15:34
And I know a little bit about these issues,
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我多少瞭解這些問題的實際情況,
15:36
because, for many years, I spent a long time
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因為我曾在非營利性行業裡
15:39
in the non-profit industrial complex,
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工作過很多年。
15:41
and I'm a recovering executive director,
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我現在是一名執行理事,
15:43
two years clean.
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足足幹了兩年。
15:45
(Laughter)
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(笑聲)
15:47
But during that time, I realized that it was about projects
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在那段時間裡,我意識到,
15:50
and developing them on the local level
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只有因地制宜地發展
15:52
that really was going to do the right thing for our communities.
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我們才能造福當地社區。
15:55
But I really did struggle for financial support.
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我碰到了資金方面的問題。
15:58
The greater our success,
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我們的工程做得越火,
16:00
the less money came in from foundations.
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贊助機構給的錢就越少。
16:02
And I tell you, being on the TED stage
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實話說,在同一年裡既被邀來在TED講話,
16:04
and winning a MacArthur in the same exact year
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又獲得了“麥克亞瑟獎”
16:06
gave everyone the impression that I had arrived.
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大家都以為我已經是個成功人士了。
16:09
And by the time I'd moved on,
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其實,為了讓我的工作繼續下去,
16:11
I was actually covering a third
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我依靠演講所獲得的收入
16:13
of my agency's budget deficit with speaking fees.
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支付了我機構三分之一的開銷。
16:16
And I think because early on, frankly,
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早些時候,坦白說,
16:18
my programs were just a little bit ahead of their time.
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我的專案也就比計畫提前一點完成了。
16:20
But since then,
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在此之後,
16:22
the park that was just a dump and was featured at a TED2006 Talk
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這一片垃圾掩埋場--我在 TED2006 年的演講中重點提到過它--
16:25
became this little thing.
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後來成了這個小公園。
16:28
But I did in fact get married in it.
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我還在這裡舉行了婚禮呢。
16:30
Over here.
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就在這裡。
16:32
There goes my dog who led me to the park in my wedding.
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我的狗正把我牽到婚禮舉行的地點。
16:38
The South Bronx Greenway
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南布朗克斯綠化帶
16:40
was also just a drawing on the stage back in 2006.
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在2006年還只是圖紙上的一幅畫。
16:43
Since then, we got
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在那之後,我們得到了
16:45
about 50 million dollars in stimulus package money
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將近五千萬美元的一攬子刺激計畫資金
16:47
to come and get here.
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來建設綠化帶。
16:49
And we love this, because I love construction now,
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我們很開心,我看到施工就很愉快,
16:51
because we're watching these things actually happen.
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應為我們能親眼見證工程的發展。
16:53
So I want everyone to understand
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我希望大家看到
16:55
the critical importance
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把公益事業轉變為企業事業
16:57
of shifting charity into enterprise.
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是多麼重要。
17:00
I started my firm to help communities across the country
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我開辦了自己的公司,就是為了幫助全國各地的社區
17:03
realize their own potential
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實踐他們的自身潛力
17:05
to improve everything about the quality of life for their people.
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從而進一步從方方面面提高人們的生活品質。
17:08
Hometown security
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「家鄉安全」
17:10
is next on my to-do list.
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就是我的下一步行動。
17:12
What we need are people who see the value
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我們需要吸引那些有遠見的人
17:14
in investing in these types of local enterprises,
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向這些類型的當地企業進行投資,
17:17
who will partner with folks like me
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吸引那些願意和我這樣的人合作的夥伴
17:19
to identify the growth trends and climate adaptation
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我們都力求找到發展的趨勢,適應氣候變化的要求,
17:22
as well as understand the growing social costs
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並理解商業發展的社會成本
17:25
of business as usual.
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是不斷增加的。
17:27
We need to work together
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我們必須齊心協力,
17:29
to embrace and repair our land,
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擁抱並修復我們的土地,
17:31
repair our power systems
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恢復電力系統,
17:33
and repair ourselves.
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並進行自我反省。
17:35
It's time to stop building
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不要再為
17:37
the shopping malls, the prisons,
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商業廣場、監獄、
17:39
the stadiums
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體育館、
17:41
and other tributes to all of our collective failures.
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和其它設施浪費錢了。
17:45
It is time that we start building
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我們應該開始構築
17:47
living monuments to hope and possibility.
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充滿生氣與可能性的希望之巔。
17:50
Thank you very much.
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謝謝大家。
17:52
(Applause)
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(掌聲)
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