The "dementia village" that's redefining elder care | Yvonne van Amerongen
100,255 views ・ 2019-04-08
请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。
翻译人员: Nancy Cai
校对人员: jacks peng
00:12
This is the Hogeweyk.
0
12659
1951
这是Hogeweyk。
00:14
It's a neighborhood in a small town
very near Amsterdam, in the Netherlands.
1
14984
4381
它是位于荷兰阿姆斯特丹旁边的
一个小镇的一个社区。
00:19
There are 27 houses
for six, seven people each.
2
19881
3469
这儿有27所住户,每家有6,7个人,
00:23
There's a small mall with a restaurant,
a pub, a supermarket, a club room.
3
23821
4520
这儿有一个小商场,里面有一个餐厅,
一个酒吧,一个超市,和一个娱乐室。
00:28
There are streets, alleys,
there's a theater.
4
28900
4325
这儿有街道和小巷,
还有一个剧场。
00:34
It actually is a nursing home.
5
34434
2000
它其实是一个疗养院,
00:37
A nursing home for people
that live with an advanced dementia
6
37093
5634
为那些患有重度痴呆的人
00:42
and that need 24-7 care and support.
7
42751
3459
提供24小时的护理和关怀。
00:47
Dementia is a terrible disease,
8
47234
3263
痴呆是一个很可怕的疾病,
00:50
and we still don't have any cure for it.
9
50521
3218
而且我们目前仍然没法治愈它。
00:54
It's getting to be
a major problem in the world,
10
54211
3627
它正在成为一个全世界的重大问题,
00:57
for the people, for the politicians,
11
57862
1848
给人民,政治家 ,还有全世界
00:59
for the world -- it's getting
to be a big problem.
12
59734
2971
都带来了很大的问题。
01:03
We see that we have waiting lists
in the nursing homes.
13
63228
3245
我们看到疗养院还有等候名单。
01:07
Most people that come to the nursing homes
with dementia are women.
14
67093
3800
大部分来疗养院的痴呆患者都是女性,
01:11
And that's also because women
are used to taking care of people,
15
71855
4960
这也是因为女性很习惯于照顾别人,
01:16
so they can manage to take care
of their husband with dementia,
16
76839
3853
如果她们的丈夫患了痴呆,
她们就可以照顾他们,
01:20
but the other way around
is not so easy for the gentlemen.
17
80716
4408
但反过来对丈夫们就没有那么简单。
01:26
Dementia is a disease
that affects the brain.
18
86629
4333
痴呆是一种影响大脑的疾病。
01:30
The brain is confused.
19
90986
2142
患者的大脑变得十分混乱,
01:33
People don't know anymore
what the time is,
20
93923
2761
不知道几点了,
01:36
what's going on, who people are.
21
96708
2738
发生了什么事,也不认识人。
01:39
They're very confused.
22
99470
1472
他们变得非常糊涂,
01:40
And because of that confusion,
23
100966
2214
还因此变得
01:43
they get to be anxious,
depressed, aggressive.
24
103204
6045
焦虑,抑郁,和易怒。
01:50
This is a traditional nursing home.
25
110728
2381
这是一个传统的疗养院,
01:53
I worked there in 1992.
26
113133
2055
我1992年的时候在那里工作,
01:55
I was a care manager.
27
115641
1507
我负责照料患者。
01:57
And we often spoke together about the fact
28
117687
3016
我们经常会讨论,
02:00
that what we were doing there
was not what we wanted for our parents,
29
120727
5001
如果我们的父母、朋友、
甚至是自己生病了,
02:05
for our friends, for ourselves.
30
125752
3308
我们不会想让他们来这里。
02:09
And one day, we said,
31
129815
1785
有一天,我们意识到,
02:11
"When we keep on saying this,
nothing is going to change.
32
131624
2754
我们只是一直这么说是没用的,
02:14
We are in charge here.
33
134402
1373
在这里我们做主,
02:15
We should do something about this,
34
135799
2496
我们应该做点什么,
02:18
so that we do want
to have our parents here."
35
138319
3364
让这里变成一个我们放心
自己父母来的地方。
02:22
We talked about that,
and what we saw every day
36
142773
3008
我们每天看到的是
02:25
was that the people
that lived in our nursing home
37
145805
3693
住在这里的患者
02:29
were confused about their environment,
38
149522
2365
对周边的环境感到迷茫,
02:31
because what they saw
was a hospital-like environment,
39
151911
3547
因为他们看到的是像医院一样的环境,
02:35
with doctors and nurses
and paramedics in uniform,
40
155482
4111
有医生、护士、穿着制服的护理人员,
02:39
and they lived on a ward.
41
159617
1667
而且他们住在病房里。
02:42
And they didn't understand
why they lived there.
42
162069
2834
他们不明白为什么他们住在这里,
02:44
And they looked for the place to get away.
43
164927
3309
他们想尽快离开。
02:48
They looked and hoped to find
the door to go home again.
44
168617
4937
想要找到那个通往家的门。
02:54
And we said what we are doing
in this situation
45
174022
3825
我们发现,在这种情况下,
02:57
is offering these people
that already have a confused brain
46
177871
5039
我们让这些本来就糊涂的人,
03:02
some more confusion.
47
182934
1286
变得更糊涂了。
03:04
We were adding confusion to confusion.
48
184244
3534
我们在混乱之上增添混乱,
03:08
And that was not what these people needed.
49
188180
2451
这反而是在帮倒忙。
03:11
These people wanted to have a life,
50
191084
2762
这些人想要有一个生活,
03:13
and the help, our help,
to deal with that dementia.
51
193870
3564
还需要我们帮助他们来面对痴呆。
03:17
These people wanted to live
in a normal house,
52
197957
4732
他们想生活在一个正常的房子里,
03:22
not in a ward.
53
202713
1150
不是病房里。
03:24
They wanted to have a normal household,
54
204482
2825
他们想要一个正常的家,
03:27
where they would smell their dinner
on the stove in the kitchen.
55
207331
4698
想闻到厨房里炉子上
飘出的晚饭的香气,
03:32
Or be free to go to the kitchen
and grab something to eat or drink.
56
212966
4262
或是能自己走到厨房里,
拿点什么吃的喝的。
03:37
That's what these people needed.
57
217611
2230
这是他们所需要的,
03:39
And that's what we should
organize for them.
58
219865
2499
也是我们应该给他们提供的。
03:43
And we said we should
organize this like at home,
59
223269
4721
我们觉得,为了营造家的氛围,
不能让他们十几个或者几十个人
住在一起,像在病房一样,
03:48
so they wouldn't live with a group
of 15 or 20 or 30, like in a ward.
60
228014
4952
03:53
No, a small group of people,
six or seven, family-like.
61
233434
4214
他们以6-7个人为团体
住在一起,像家一样。
03:59
Like living with friends.
62
239069
1873
就好像和朋友住在一起。
04:02
And we should find a way to select people
63
242709
3079
我们应该想办法
04:05
based on their ideas about life
64
245812
2754
筛选出生活兴趣相同的人,
04:08
so that they did have
a good chance to become friends,
65
248590
3100
这样他们住在一起的时候
04:11
when they lived together.
66
251714
1568
能变成好朋友。
04:14
And we interviewed
all the families of the residents
67
254225
4160
我们也采访了所有患者的家人,
04:18
about "what is important for your father,"
"what's important for your mother,"
68
258409
3693
问他们“你的爸爸重视什么?”
“你的妈妈重视什么?”
04:22
"what is their life like,"
"what do they want."
69
262126
2749
“他们的生活是什么样的?”
“他们想要什么?”
04:24
And we found seven groups,
and we call them lifestyle groups.
70
264899
4245
然后我们成立了7个小组,
叫做“生活方式小组”。
04:29
And for instance,
we found this formal lifestyle.
71
269709
3661
比如,有一个小组的生活方式很正式,
04:33
In this lifestyle,
72
273851
1226
在这种生活方式下,
04:35
people have a more formal way
of interacting with each other,
73
275101
3421
大家互相交往的方式都很正式,
04:38
a distant way.
74
278546
1293
保持适当的距离。
04:39
Their daily rhythm
starts later in the day,
75
279863
2246
他们每天的生活开始得较晚,
04:42
ends later in the day.
76
282133
1722
结束得也较晚。
04:43
Classical music is more heard
in this lifestyle group
77
283879
3026
这个小组的人比别的小组
04:46
than in other lifestyle groups.
78
286929
1703
更喜欢听经典音乐。
04:48
And their menu,
79
288656
1484
他们更喜欢法国美食,
04:50
well, is more French cuisine
than traditional Dutch.
80
290164
3779
而不是传统的荷兰美食。
04:53
(Laughter)
81
293967
1592
(笑)
04:55
In contrary to the craftsman lifestyle.
82
295583
3611
另外一种“手艺人”的
生活方式则很不同。
04:59
That's a very traditional lifestyle,
83
299218
2143
这是一个很传统的生活方式,
05:01
and they get up early
in the morning, go to bed early,
84
301385
2570
他们很早起床,很早睡觉,
05:03
because they have worked hard
their whole life, mostly with their hands,
85
303979
4002
因为他们一生都在努力工作,
通常是用他们的双手为生,
他们通常有一个很小的家庭生意,
一个小农场,一个小商店。
05:08
very often had a very small
family business, a small farm, a shop,
86
308005
4603
05:12
or like Mr. B, he was a farmhand.
87
312632
4135
比如B先生,他曾是个农场工人。
05:17
And he told me that he would go
to his work every morning
88
317466
3500
他告诉我,他每天早上去工作,
05:20
with a paper bag with his lunch
89
320990
2204
包里装着午饭,
05:24
and one cigar.
90
324014
1490
还有一支雪茄。
05:26
That one cigar was the only luxury
he could afford for himself.
91
326824
4063
那一支雪茄就是他能
负担得起的唯一的奢侈品。
05:31
And after lunch,
he would have that one cigar.
92
331420
3133
吃完午饭,他就抽那支雪茄。
05:35
And until the day he died in the Hogeweyk,
93
335460
3328
一直到他在Hogeweyk去世的那一天,
05:38
he was in this little shed, every day,
after lunch, to smoke his cigar.
94
338812
5912
他每天午饭后都在
这个小棚子里抽雪茄。
05:47
This is my mother.
95
347201
1186
这是我的母亲,
05:48
She's of the cultural lifestyle,
96
348411
1611
她喜欢文艺的生活方式,
05:50
she's been living
in the Hogeweyk six weeks now.
97
350046
2466
她住在Hogeweyk六周了,
05:53
And that lifestyle is about traveling,
meeting other people, other cultures,
98
353236
5240
这种生活方式包括旅行,
结识不同的人和不同的文化,
05:58
interest in arts and music.
99
358500
3001
探索艺术和音乐。
06:02
There are more lifestyles.
100
362072
1733
还有更多别的生活方式。
06:04
But that's what we talked about,
and that's what we did.
101
364818
3733
这是我们设想的,也是我们最终做到的。
06:09
But that's not life in a house
with a group of people,
102
369766
4851
但是这并不是生活的全部
——在自己的房子里,
06:14
like-minded people, your own life,
your own household.
103
374641
3378
和一群志同道合的人在一起,
过自己的生活。
06:18
There's more in life,
104
378434
1329
生活中还有别的,
06:19
everybody wants fun in life
and a meaningful life.
105
379787
3304
每个人都要想要有乐趣的
生活和有意义的生活,
06:23
We are social animals --
106
383688
1421
我们都是社会动物,
06:25
we need a social life.
107
385133
2269
我们需要社交生活。
06:27
And that's what we started.
108
387817
1800
而这就是我们所做的。
06:30
We want to go out of our house
and do some shopping,
109
390817
3476
人们都想出门去,去购物,
06:34
and meet other people.
110
394317
1467
认识不同的人,
06:36
Or go to the pub,
have a beer with friends.
111
396698
3740
或者去酒吧,和朋友一起喝酒。
06:40
Or like Mr. W -- he likes
to go out every day,
112
400462
4982
或者像W先生那样——他喜欢每天出门,
06:45
see if there are nice ladies around.
113
405468
2616
看看周围有没有漂亮的姑娘。
06:48
(Laughter)
114
408108
1988
(笑)
06:50
And he's very courteous to them,
115
410465
1555
他对她们非常礼貌,
他想得到微笑,于是他得到了,
06:52
and he hopes for smiles and he gets them.
116
412044
2501
06:54
And he dances with them in the pub.
117
414863
2333
他每天都在酒吧里和她们跳舞,
06:58
It's a feast every day.
118
418014
1516
每天都是一场盛宴。
06:59
There are people that would
rather go to the restaurant,
119
419554
3214
还有的人更愿意和朋友去饭店,
07:02
have a wine with friends,
120
422792
1674
喝点红酒,
07:04
or lunch or dinner with friends
and celebrate life.
121
424490
3666
或者和朋友共进午餐
或晚餐,庆贺人生。
07:08
And my mother,
she takes a walk in the park,
122
428180
2786
我母亲喜欢在公园里走走,
07:10
and sits on a bench in the sun,
123
430990
1683
坐在长椅上晒晒太阳,
07:12
hoping that a passerby will come
and sit next to her
124
432697
3126
希望一个路人会过来坐在她身旁,
07:15
and have a conversation about life
125
435847
2563
和她讨论人生,
07:18
or about the ducks in the pond.
126
438434
3235
或者讨论池塘里的鸭子。
07:22
That social life is important.
127
442355
2261
社交生活是很重要的,
07:24
It means that you're part
of society, that you belong.
128
444998
4576
它意味着你是社会的一份子,
07:29
And that's what we people need.
129
449974
2067
人们需要这种归属感,
07:33
Even if you're living
with advanced dementia.
130
453013
3548
即使患有严重痴呆的人也需要。
07:37
This is what I see from my office window.
131
457482
2865
这是从我的办公室窗户看出去的景色,
07:40
And one day, I saw a lady
coming from one side,
132
460371
4209
有一天,我看到一位女士从一边走过来,
07:44
and the other lady from the other side,
and they met at the corner.
133
464604
3619
另一位女士从另一边走过来,
她们在拐角处碰到了,
07:48
And I knew both ladies very well.
134
468247
2348
我跟她们两个都很熟,
07:50
I often saw them walking around outside.
135
470929
3352
经常看到她们在外面散步。
07:54
And now and then, I tried
to have a conversation with them,
136
474618
4381
我会时不时地和她们对话,
但是她们的对话——
07:59
but their conversation was ...
137
479023
2753
08:02
rather hard to understand.
138
482586
2486
很难理解。
08:05
But I saw them meeting,
and I saw them talking,
139
485839
3659
但我看到她们碰面、交谈,
08:09
and I saw them gesturing.
140
489522
1880
我看到她们做手势,
08:11
And they had fun together.
141
491426
1733
她们在一起很开心,
08:13
And then they said goodbye,
and each went their own way.
142
493554
3078
然后她们互相道别,继续各自行路了。
08:17
And that's what you want in life,
meeting other people
143
497331
3238
这就是你在生活中想要的,
结识不同的人,融入社会。
08:20
and being part of society.
144
500593
2047
08:23
And that's what I saw happening.
145
503093
2134
这也是我看到正在发生的,
08:26
The Hogeweyk has become a place
146
506148
2007
Hogeweyk已经变成了一个
08:28
where people with very advanced
dementia can live,
147
508179
3682
能让患有严重痴呆的人居住,
08:31
have freedom and safety,
148
511885
1936
并且感到自由和安全的地方。
08:33
because the professionals working there
and the volunteers working there
149
513845
4484
因为这里的专业人员和志愿者
08:38
know how to deal with dementia.
150
518353
2222
知道如何应对痴呆,
08:41
And the professionals know
how to do their professional work
151
521093
3333
这里的专业人员知道如何
既完成他们的工作,
08:44
in a way that it fits in a natural way
in the life of our residents.
152
524450
5032
又不影响患者的正常生活。
08:50
And that means that the management
has to provide everything
153
530826
4680
这意味着管理层需要为他们提供
08:55
those people need to do their work.
154
535530
2334
他们工作中需要的一切。
08:58
It needs a management
that dares to do this.
155
538866
3844
这需要一个敢于付诸行动的管理层,
09:02
To do things differently
than we always have done
156
542734
3137
敢于在一个传统的疗养院里,
09:05
in a traditional nursing home.
157
545895
2133
用不同寻常的方法做事。
09:10
We see that it works.
158
550989
1904
我们看到了它是有效的,
09:14
We think this can be done everywhere,
159
554006
3166
我们认为这在任何地方都能实现,
09:17
because this is not for the rich.
160
557196
2200
因为这不是只有富人才能享受的。
09:19
We've been doing this with the same budget
161
559863
4349
我们的预算
和我们国家每一个传统疗养院都一样,
09:24
as any traditional nursing home
has in our country.
162
564236
4079
09:28
We work only with the state budget.
163
568339
2777
我们只有州政府的财政预算。
09:32
(Applause)
164
572220
6872
(鼓掌)
09:40
Because it has to do
with thinking different,
165
580226
3572
这需要的是改变思路,
09:43
and looking at the person in front of you
166
583822
2730
看看你面前的人,
09:46
and looking at what
does this person need now.
167
586576
3681
想想这个人现在需要什么。
09:51
And it's about a smile,
it's about thinking different,
168
591352
3240
这需要的是一个微笑,
需要的是换一个方式思考,
09:54
it's about how you act,
and that costs nothing.
169
594616
4047
需要的是做出行动,
而这些都不需要花钱。
09:59
And there's something else:
it's about making choices.
170
599823
3667
还有一点,关乎如何做选择,
10:03
It's about making choices
what you spend your money on.
171
603903
3733
选择把钱花在什么地方。
10:08
I always say,
172
608855
1276
我经常说,
10:11
"Red curtains are
as expensive as gray ones."
173
611323
4746
”红窗帘和灰色窗帘一样贵。“
10:16
(Laughter)
174
616093
1377
(笑)
10:17
It's possible, everywhere.
175
617494
2523
在任何地方,我们都能做到。
10:21
Thank you.
176
621263
1159
谢谢!
10:22
(Applause)
177
622446
4631
(鼓掌)
New videos
Original video on YouTube.com
关于本网站
这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。