Edward Burtynsky: Manufactured landscapes

翻译人员: Revol Drib 校对人员: Tony Yet

Walk around for four months with three wishes,

这四个月来我一直怀着三个愿望到处奔走

and all the ideas will start to percolate up.

所有的思路都在这段时间中慢慢清晰

I think everybody should do it -- think that you've got three wishes.

我觉得每个人都可以学学我这么做

And what would you do? It's actually a great exercise

如果给你三个愿望，你希望实现什么？

to really drill down to the things that you feel are important,

思考这样一个问题，除了让我们知道自己想要什么

and really reflect on the world around us.

还可以让我们意识到自己拥有什么

And thinking that, can an individual actually do something,

思考这样一个问题，除了能在思想上有所获益

or come up with something,

还可以让我们行动起来

that may actually get some traction out there and make a difference?

有所行动，也许就能让生活变得不同

Inspired by nature -- that's the theme here.

赞美自然是今天的主题

And I think, quite frankly, that's where I started.

同时也是我一切灵感的源泉

I became very interested in the landscape as a Canadian.

还在加拿大时，我就迷上了

We have this Great North. And there was a pretty small population,

千里冰封万里雪飘的北国风光

and my father was an avid outdoorsman.

我的父亲非常热衷于户外运动

So I really had a chance to experience that.

因此我从小有不少机会和他去一起体验这片土地

And I could never really understand exactly what it was, or how it was informing me.

我也许永远弄不清我从这段经历之中学到了多少

But what I think it was telling me

但是我想至少我懂得了一点

is that we are this transient thing that's happening,

在这苍茫天地之间，我们都只不过是一个过客

and that the nature that you see out there -- the untouched shorelines,

看着面前的大自然

the untouched forest that I was able to see --

那些人烟罕至的海岸与森林

really bring in a sense of that geological time,

前不见古人，后不见来者

that this has gone on for a long time,

念天地之悠悠

and we're experiencing it in a different way.

我想每个人的感受都会有所不同

And that, to me, was a reference point that I think I needed to have

我现在所做的一切便是源于当时的感受

to be able to make the work that I did.

我觉得自己应该这么做，而且也有能力这么做

And I did go out, and I did this picture of grasses coming through in the spring,

于是，在一个春天的早上，我走上了自己的征途

along a roadside.

我在路上拍摄了这样一丛野草

This rebirth of grass. And then I went out for years

这些原生态的风光画面

trying to photograph the pristine landscape.

成为了我随后几年的拍摄重心

But as a fine-art photographer I somehow felt

但是作为一位摄影艺术家，我始终感觉到

that it wouldn't catch on out there,

这样的作品离我所要表达的内容还有一段距离

that there would be a problem with trying to make this as a fine-art career.

同时，这样的作品也不利于一位艺术家的职业发展

And I kept being sucked into this genre of the calendar picture,

长期以来我的作品总难免被人

or something of that nature, and I couldn't get away from it.

当作挂历照片或者别的类似照片

So I started to think of, how can I rethink the landscape?

于是我开始认真思考，是否应该更换自己的拍摄思路

I decided to rethink the landscape

我决定重新定位自己的拍摄方式

as the landscape that we've transformed.

专注于那些被人类力量改造的景观

I had a bit of an epiphany being lost in Pennsylvania,

当我一次迷失在宾夕法尼亚州的时候

and I took a left turn trying to get back to the highway.

我突然发现了一丝灵感

And I ended up in a town called Frackville.

我在一个路口左转，本以为可以回到高速公路上

I got out of the car, and I stood up,

结果却来到了一个叫做弗兰克威尔的小镇

and it was a coal-mining town. I did a 360 turnaround,

这儿曾经是一片矿区，当我下车四顾

and that became one of the most surreal landscapes I've ever seen.

我看到了一幅前所未见的超现实场景

Totally transformed by man.

完全被人类力量所改造的景观

And that got me to go out and look at mines like this,

在这一幕的驱使下，我开始出发

and go out and look at the largest industrial incursions

在我所能找到的风景带中

in the landscape that I could find.

寻找其它类似的矿区或大型工业痕迹

And that became the baseline of what I was doing.

这成为了我之后作品的出发点

And it also became the theme that I felt that I could hold onto,

也成为了我始终坚持的作品主题

and not have to re-invent myself --

这和我拍摄的初衷并不相违背

that this theme was large enough to become a life's work,

追寻大型工业的足迹

to become something that I could sink my teeth into

是一个很大的主题

and just research and find out where these industries are.

足够我认认真真做上一辈子

And I think one of the things I also wanted to say in my thanks,

我想借这个机会

which I kind of missed,

对那些曾经帮助过我的公司

was to thank all the corporations who helped me get in.

表示衷心的感谢

Because it took negotiation for almost every one of these photographs --

基本上，大家看到的每一张照片

to get into that place to make those photographs,

都需要经过协商才可能获得拍摄许可

and if it wasn't for those people letting me in

如果不是他们的帮助

at the heads of those corporations,

如果不是公司领导们的首肯

I would have never made this body of work.

我也许永远无法拍摄这些作品

So in that respect, to me, I'm not against the corporation.

就我本意而言，我并不想针对这些公司说什么

I own a corporation. I work with them,

我本身也是一个公司的老板，和他们合作时

and I feel that we all need them and they're important.

我能感觉到他们对人们日常生活的重要性

But I am also for sustainability.

但同时我也注重可持续发展的重要性

So there's this thing that is pulling me in both directions.

正是因为这一点，我最终与他们背道而驰

And I'm not making an indictment towards what's happening here,

我并不想在这里控诉他们的所作所为

but it is a slow progression.

因为所有这一切，并不是突然发生的

So I started thinking, well, we live in all these ages of man:

于是我开始思考，人类已经走过了很多个时代

the Stone Age, and the Iron Age, and the Copper Age.

石器时代，铁器时代，青铜时代

And these ages of man are still at work today.

尽管这些时代留下的痕迹依旧保存着

But we've become totally disconnected from them.

但我们已经无法从这些痕迹之中

There's something that we're not seeing there.

追寻那些过往的光辉

And it's a scary thing as well. Because when we start looking

这是一件非常可怕的事情

at the collective appetite for our lifestyles,

当我们回过头来看看我们荒淫无度的生活

and what we're doing to that landscape --

对这片土地带来了什么样的后果

that, to me, is something that is a very sobering moment for me to contemplate.

我们就会突然间惊醒并思考

And through my photographs,

我希望观众面对我的照片时

I'm hoping to be able to engage the audiences of my work,

能够感受到我这样的感觉

and to come up to it and not immediately be rejected by the image.

而不是对这些影像感到排斥与抗拒

Not to say, "Oh my God, what is it?" but to be challenged by it --

不会大叫“老天，这拍的什么啊”

to say, "Wow, this is beautiful," on one level,

而是感慨，“这一切看上去很美

but on the other level, "This is scary. I shouldn't be enjoying it."

但是是一种残酷的美，让人无法安然享受”

Like a forbidden pleasure. And it's that forbidden pleasure

把这样的景象当作一种美，是不道德的

that I think is what resonates out there,

我想这就是我所要表达的

and it gets people to look at these things,

我希望人们不光是欣赏这些作品，而是思考与体会

and it gets people to enter it. And it also, in a way, defines kind of what I feel, too --

也许你们就能明白我面对这些景象时心中的感受

that I'm drawn to have a good life.

曾经我也坚定的相信

I want a house, and I want a car.

只有有房有车的生活才叫好生活

But there's this consequence out there.

这样想是要付出代价的

And how do I begin to have that attraction, repulsion?

我是什么时候开始被这样的生活所吸引?

It's even in my own conscience I'm having it,

我不得不承认这让我感到羞愧

and here in my work, I'm trying to build that same toggle.

而我试图通过自己的作品让我有所转变

These things that I photographed -- this tire pile here

看看这张照片，这片废旧轮胎厂

had 45 million tires in it. It was the largest one.

这是最大的一片废旧轮胎厂，大约有四千五百万只旧轮胎

It was only about an hour-and-a-half away from me, and it caught fire

这儿位于加州维斯特利，靠近莫德斯托

about four years ago. It's around Westley, California, around Modesto.

离我家只有一个半小时路程，但四年前毁于一场大火

And I decided to start looking at something that, to me, had --

我决定去寻访一些类似的场景

if the earlier work of looking at the landscape

如果说以前的作品仅仅是关注自然

had a sense of lament to what we were doing to nature,

那么现在则是为我们的行为向自然传达一种歉意

in the recycling work that you're seeing here

照片中大家看到的垃圾回收站

was starting to point to a direction. To me, it was our redemption.

对我来说是一个好的开端，是一种救赎

That in the recycling work that I was doing,

我把这些关于垃圾回收的作品

I'm looking for a practice, a human activity that is sustainable.

当做是人类可持续性发展的一种实践

That if we keep putting things, through industrial and urban existence,

只有我们在生产生活当中

back into the system --

持续保持发展的可持续性

if we keep doing that -- we can continue on.

人类才有可能继续生存下去

Of course, listening at the conference,

当然，在这次大会上

there's many, many things that are coming. Bio-mimicry,

我听到了很多这方面的内容

and there's many other things that are coming on stream --

仿生学，其它学科

nanotechnology that may also prevent us from having

以及纳米技术的应用

to go into that landscape and tear it apart.

都有望保护我们的大自然

And we all look forward to those things.

尽管我们的想法是好的

But in the meantime, these things are scaling up.

但与此同时

These things are continuing to happen.

环境却在持续恶化

What you're looking at here -- I went to Bangladesh,

在北美拍摄一段时间以后

so I started to move away from North America;

我开始把目光投向了世界

I started to look at our world globally.

你们现在看到的是我在孟加拉拍摄到的画面

These images of Bangladesh

这些画面，这些关于孟加拉的画面

came out of a radio program I was listening to.

源自我听到的一个广播节目

They were talking about Exxon Valdez,

当时里面谈到埃克森石油公司的瓦尔迪兹油轮泄露事件

and that there was going to be a glut of oil tankers

由于这次事件引起的索赔事件

because of the insurance industries.

导致了全球油轮数量需求下滑

And that those oil tankers needed to be decommissioned,

所有这些多余的油轮

and 2004 was going to be the pinnacle.

都必须在2004年之前销毁

And I thought, "My God, wouldn't that be something?"

当时我想，”天啊，这也太夸张了吧“

To see the largest vessels of man being deconstructed by hand,

一艘艘大型油轮由人工一点点将其拆毁

literally, in third-world countries.

这一切就在第三世界国家中真实发生

So originally I was going to go to India.

因此我想去印度看看这一切

And I was shut out of India because of a Greenpeace situation there,

不过由于当地绿色环保组织的活动，我被印度拒之门外

and then I was able to get into Bangladesh,

因此我将目的地改为孟加拉国

and saw for the first time a third world, a view of it,

这是我与第三世界的第一次亲密接触

that I had never actually thought was possible.

这一切对我来说如此不可思议

130 million people living in an area the size of Wisconsin --

一亿三千万人，居住在和威斯康辛面积相等的一处地方

people everywhere -- the pollution was intense,

到处都是人，到处都是污染

and the working conditions were horrible.

工作环境极度恶劣

Here you're looking at some oil fields in California,

这是加州最大的油田之一

some of the biggest oil fields. And again, I started to think that --

看到这样的场景

there was another epiphany --

我又萌生了新的想法

that the whole world I was living in was

我们所生存的整个世界

a result of having plentiful oil.

都是建立在石油工业基础之上

And that, to me, was again something that I started building on,

因此我也想以石油作为基础

and I continued to build on.

做一些新的作品

So this is a series I'm hoping to have ready

这是我在未来两道三年内

in about two or three years,

想要完成的一个项目

under the heading of "The Oil Party."

名字也许叫“石油当道”

Because I think everything that we're involved in --

我觉得我们身边的一切，无论衣食住行

our clothing, our cars, our roads, and everything -- are directly a result.

都和石油有着直接或间接的联系

I'm going to move to some pictures of China.

接下来让我们看一些在中国拍摄的照片

And for me China -- I started photographing it four years ago,

我在四年前开始拍摄中国

and China truly is a question of sustainability in my mind,

就我看来，中国是可持续发展的一个老大难问题

not to mention that China, as well,

另外，中国还给我从小熟悉的那些产业

has a great effect on the industries that I grew up around.

带来了巨大的冲击

I came out of a blue-collar town,

我来自一个工业城市

a GM town, and my father worked at GM,

通用汽车是当地的支柱产业，我爸爸就为其工作

so I was very familiar with that kind of industry

因此我对其非常熟悉

and that also informed my work. But you know,

这也同样影响到了我的作品

to see China and the scale at which it's evolving, is quite something.

但是同样的行业，以中国式规模出现，就完全不同了

So what you see here is the Three Gorges Dam,

这里大家看到的是三峡大坝

and this is the largest dam by 50 percent ever attempted by man.

这是人类制造的最大大坝，规模超过第二名一倍以上

Most of the engineers around the world left the project

全球大部分工程师都认为这项工程是不可能完成的

because they said, "It's just too big."

原因只有一个，“这项工程太大”

In fact, when it did actually fill with water a year and a half ago,

事实上，当这项工程于一年半前竣工蓄水

they were able to measure a wobble within the earth as it was spinning.

人们确实能侦测到其诱发了地层深处的地震

It took fifteen days to fill it.

整个蓄水工程耗时十五天

So this created a reservoir 600 kilometers long,

蓄水库区长达六百公里

one of the largest reservoirs ever created.

这也是人类历史上最大的水库之一

And what was also one of the bigger projects around that

这项巨大工程同时带来了另外一项巨大工程

was moving 13 full-size cities up out of the reservoir,

迁移库区内十三个城市的所有居民

and flattening all the buildings so they could make way for the ships.

并将城市捣毁为平地以便船只通行

This is a "before and after." So that was before.

这是其中一个城市迁移前后的景象。刚才是迁移前。

And this is like 10 weeks later, demolished by hand.

这是大约十周后的景象，基本由人工拆除

I think 11 of the buildings they used dynamite,

我印象中有十一栋楼房在拆除过程中使用了炸药

everything else was by hand. That was 10 weeks later.

其余完全靠人工进行，这仅仅只用了十周时间

And this gives you an idea.

大家可以想象

And it was all the people who lived in those homes,

正是住在这里的居民

were the ones that were actually taking it apart

亲手将自己生活的城市拆为一地瓦砾

and working, and getting paid per brick to take their cities apart.

每拆一块石头，他们都能获得一定的报酬

And these are some of the images from that.

这是另外一些照片

So I spent about three trips to the Three Gorges Dam,

我一共用了三次旅行

looking at that massive transformation of a landscape.

记录三峡地区的大规模地貌变化

And it looks like a bombed-out landscape, but it isn't.

这里看上去像刚刚遭到轰炸，其实不是

What it is, it's a landscape that is an intentional one.

这是一片完全依靠意志而改变的土地

This is a need for power, and they're willing to go through this

这是何其强大的力量，才能让他们心甘情愿的承受这一切

massive transformation, on this scale, to get that power.

承受这样翻天覆地的变化

And again, it's actually a relief for what's going on in China

不过这也许还算是好的

because I think on the table right now,

就我所知，中国现在正计划

there's 27 nuclear power stations to be built.

再建二十七座核电站

There hasn't been one built in North America for 20 years

北美地区已经有二十年时间没有建立过一座核电站

because of the "NIMBY" problem -- "Not In My BackYard."

因为没有人希望给自家后院放上这么一把火

But in China they're saying, "No, we're putting in 27 in the next 10 years."

但是中国可以说“不，我们就是要在十年里再建二十七座”

And coal-burning furnaces are going in there

而且火力发电厂

for hydroelectric power literally weekly.

依旧在以每周一座的速度兴建

So coal itself is probably one of the largest problems.

所以煤矿资源本身也是一个重大问题

And one of the other things that happened in the Three Gorges --

三峡工程导致的另一问题

a lot of the agricultural land that you see there on the left was also lost;

就是许多农田，大家可以在上图左边看到，永远流失了

some of the most fertile agricultural land was lost in that.

许多最为富饶的田地，就这样淹没在了水下

And 1.2 to 2 million people were relocated,

大约两百万人流离失所

depending on whose statistics you're looking at.

这还仅仅是官方提供的数据

And this is what they were building.

这是等待着他们的新居

This is Wushan, one of the largest cities that was relocated.

这是巫山新县城，最大的移民城市之一

This is the town hall for the city.

这是城市的市中心，也是县政府所在地

And again, the rebuilding of the city -- to me, it was sad to see

在城市再造过程之中，我很遗憾的发现

that they didn't really grab a lot of, I guess,

在我看来，这些建设者们完全没有任何

what we know here, in terms of urban planning.

我们所谓的城市规划的概念

There were no parks; there were no green spaces.

这里没有公园，也没有绿地

Very high-density living on the side of a hill.

只有密密麻麻的居民楼耸立在山丘上

And here they had a chance to rebuild cities from the bottom up,

他们本有机会从头建立一个美丽的城市

but somehow were not connecting with them.

不过似乎他们并没有想过要这么做

Here is a sign that, translated, says, "Obey the birth control law.

这里是一块标语牌，上面写着”贯彻执行《人口与计划生育法》

Build our science, civilized and advanced idea of marriage and giving birth."

树立科学、文明、进步的婚育观念

So here, if you look at this poster,

初看这张海报，你会发现

it has all the trappings of Western culture.

上面充满了西方文化的诱惑

You're seeing the tuxedos, the bouquets.

西装革履，花团锦簇

But what's really, to me, frightening about the picture

但让我感到害怕的是

and about this billboard is the refinery in the background.

隐藏在海报背后的文化入侵

So it's like marrying up all the things that we have

他们仿佛在一瞬间不分香花毒草

and it's an adaptation of our way of life, full stop.

将我们的生活方式照单全收

And again, when you start seeing that kind of embrace,

当你回过头来重新审视

and you start looking at them leading their rural lifestyle

他们是如何慢慢的抛弃了自己旧式的田园生活

with a very, very small footprint and moving into an urban lifestyle

大踏步的迈向西方式的城市文化

with a much higher footprint, it starts to become very sobering.

你就会对这一切有一个清醒的认识

This is a shot in one of the biggest squares in Guangdong --

这张照片拍摄于广东最大的广场之一

and this is where a lot of migrant workers are coming in from the country.

这里布满了进城务工的农村人口

And there's about 130 million people in migration

目前在中国广大国土上

trying to get into urban centers at all times,

大约遍布着一亿三千万外来务工人员

and in the next 10 to 15 years, are expecting

而在未来十到十五年时间内

another 400 to 500 million people to migrate

外来务工人口可能会攀升至四到五个亿

into the urban centers like Shanghai and the manufacturing centers.

他们纷纷涌入上海这样的大都市或生产制造中心

The manufacturers are --

这些生产制造企业

the domestics are usually -- you can tell a domestic factory by the fact

通常来自本地，或者说大部分都是中国本土企业

that they all use the same color uniforms.

他们都习惯使用相同颜色的制服

So this is a pink uniform at this factory. It's a shoe factory.

这家工厂使用的是粉红色，这是一家鞋厂

And they have dorms for the workers.

他们为员工提供宿舍

So they bring them in from the country and put them up in the dorms.

员工们从全国各地的乡村挤到这里

This is one of the biggest shoe factories, the Yuyuan shoe factory

这是深圳周边最大的鞋厂之一，裕元鞋厂

near Shenzhen. It has 90,000 employees making shoes.

大约有九万名生产员工

This is a shift change, one of three.

这张照片拍摄的是换班的场景，这里每天分为三班

There's two factories of this scale in the same town.

公司有两个厂区，位于同一地区

This is one with 45,000, so every lunch,

这里大约有四万五千名员工

there's about 12,000 coming through for lunch.

所以在午餐时间，同时进餐人数大约达到一万二千人

They sit down; they have about 20 minutes.

他们只有二十分钟的进餐时间

The next round comes in. It's an incredible workforce

然后轮到下一轮工人用餐

that's building there. Shanghai --

这是一股巨大的劳动力

I'm looking at the urban renewal in Shanghai,

这里是上海，一个新旧交替之中的城市

and this is a whole area that will be flattened

这片区域很快将会被铲平

and turned into skyscrapers in the next five years.

五年之内，新的摩天大楼将从这里拔地而起

What's also happening in Shanghai is --

这张照片同样能显示出上海

China is changing because this wouldn't have happened

或者说中国在另一方面的转变

five years ago, for instance. This is a holdout.

如果在五年前，这样的人是不可能出现的

They're called dengzahoos -- they're like pin tacks to the ground.

他们被非常形象的钉子户

They won't move. They're not negotiating.

他们拒绝搬迁，也拒绝妥协

They're not getting enough, so they're not going to move.

没有得到足够的好处，他们绝不会放弃自己的家

And so they're holding off until they get a deal with them.

只有当他们的要求被满足，他们才会妥协

And they've been actually quite successful in getting better deals

和那些得到搬迁通知就拿钱走人的住户比起来

because most of them are getting a raw deal.

他们都得到了一笔更高额的补偿金

They're being put out about two hours --

随后这些房子也会跟着周边

the communities that have been around for literally hundreds of years,

那些存在了上百年甚至上千年的古楼一样

or maybe even thousands of years,

在短短两个小时之内被夷为平地

are being broken up and spread across in the suburban areas

同样的故事在上海的整个周边地区发生着

outside of Shanghai. But these are a whole series of guys

这是在上海旧城重建过程中

holding out in this reconstruction of Shanghai.

顽强坚持的一系列钉子户

Probably the largest urban-renewal project, I think,

我想这也许是这个星球上

ever attempted on the planet.

规模最大的一次旧城改造工程

And then the embrace of the things that they're replacing it with --

但是他们并没有找到一条合理的道路

again, one of my wishes, and I never ended up going there,

这是我的一个心愿，同时也是我反复去那里的目的

was to somehow tell them that there were better ways to build a house.

我想要告诉他们，房子是可以建造得更好的

The kinds of collisions of styles and things were quite something,

这种四不像的风格非常值得一说

and these are called the villas.

他们管这样的房子就叫做别墅

And also, like right now, they're just moving.

这件别墅刚刚有人搬进来

The scaffolding is still on, and this is an e-waste area,

脚手架还没有拆除，如果是大照片

and if you looked in the foreground on the big print,

你还可以看到前景中的电子垃圾

you'd see that the industry -- their industry -- they're all recycling.

从中你可以判断出他们的职业，一群拾荒者

So the industry's already growing

随着城市化进程的慢慢推进

around these new developments.

这一行业也在蓬勃发展

This is a five-level bridge in Shanghai.

这是上海的一座五层高架桥

Shanghai was a very intriguing city -- it's exploding on a level

上海市一座充满魅力的城市，也是一座高速发展的城市

that I don't think any city has experienced.

其发展速度之快，我想没有任何城市可以与之媲美

In fact, even Shenzhen, the economic zone --

即使是深圳这样一座十五年前仅有十万人口的小渔村

one of the first ones -- 15 years ago was about 100,000 people,

在成为第一批经济特区与生产基地后

and today it boasts about 10 to 11 million.

今天人口数额也已增长至一亿

So that gives you an idea of the kinds of migrations and the speed with which --

移民规模之大，发展速度之快，仅从这张图片就可见一斑

this is just the taxis being built by Volkswagen.

这里一共停放了九千辆

There's 9,000 of them here,

大众汽车公司生产的的士

and they're being built for most of the big cities,

这些汽车将被运往北京、上海、深圳等各大城市

Beijing and Shanghai, Shenzhen.

这只是中国国内汽车市场的一个缩影

And this isn't even the domestic car market; this is the taxi market.

仅仅是的士车辆

And what we would see here as a suburban development --

这是一张高速发展中的城市边远地带

a similar thing, but they're all high-rises.

这里，建筑业也以同样的速度发展着

So they'll put 20 or 40 up at a time,

二三十栋楼房

and they just go up in the same way

同时拔地而起

as a single-family dwelling would go up here in an area.

等待一户户人家蜂拥而至

And the density is quite incredible.

照片中大家可以看到这里的居住密度

And one of the things in this picture that I wanted to point out

不过我在照片中想指出来的并非这一点

is that when I saw these kinds of buildings,

当我看到这些建筑

I was shocked to see

我首先想到的是

that they're not using a central air-conditioning system;

他们居然没有中央空调

every window has an air conditioner in it.

每一扇窗户都装上了一台空调

And I'm sure there are people here who probably

我想这里一定有人

know better than I do about efficiencies,

比我更明白什么叫做效率

but I can't imagine that every apartment having its own air conditioner

对于这么大一个小区而言

is a very efficient way to cool a building on this scale.

我实在不觉得每家每户各自装上空调会更有效率

And when you start looking at that,

当我们将这样的景象放大到上海这样规模的城市

and then you start factoring up into a city the size of Shanghai,

你就会发现目力所及之处

it's literally a forest of skyscrapers.

只剩下一片钢筋水泥的森林

It's breathtaking, in terms of the speed at which this city is transforming.

如此高速的城市发展速度只能用惊心动魄形容

And you can see in the foreground of this picture,

在这张照片的前景中

it's still one of the last areas that was being held up.

还有一小片尚未开发的地块

Right now that's all cleared out -- this was done about eight months ago --

八个月前那里已经被夷为平地

and high-rises are now going up into that central spot.

新的摩天大楼正从此处拔地而起

So a skyscraper is built, literally, overnight in Shanghai.

用雨后春笋来形容上海的大楼建设，并不为过

Most recently I went in, and I started looking

最近我开始拍摄

at some of the biggest industries in China.

中国的一些大型工业基地

And this is Baosteel, right outside of Shanghai.

例如说照片中的宝钢集团，坐落在上海市郊

This is the coal supply for the steel factory -- 18 square kilometers.

这是宝钢的煤矿供应基地，方圆十八平方公里

It's an incredibly massive operation, I think 15,000 workers,

这里的员工很多，我想至少有一万五千人

five cupolas, and the sixth one's coming in here.

拥有五处高炉，这里是在建中的第六座

So they're building very large blast furnaces

他们正在不断建设新的大型高炉

to try to deal with the demand for steel in China.

以试图跟上中国的钢铁需求

So this is three of the visible blast furnaces within that shot.

在照片中可以看到三座高炉

And again, looking at these images, there's this constant, like, haze that you're seeing.

大家可以注意到，这里的每张照片似乎都笼罩在烟尘之中

This is going to show you, real time, an assembler. It's a circuit breaker.

接下来大家看到的是一段断路器装配的视频

10 hours a day at this speed.

这里的装配工人每天需要以这样的速度工作十个小时

I think one of the issues

我想到这样的一个问题

that we here are facing with China,

我们在这里谈论中国的时候

is that they're using a lot of the latest production technology.

总是只提到他们已经拥有了最先进的生产技术

In that one, there were 400 people that worked on the floor.

在我拍摄照片的这个地方，每层楼有四百多名工人

And I asked the manager to point out five of your fastest producers,

我请他们的主管带我去看看工作效率最高的几名员工

and then I went and looked at each one of them for about 15 or 20 minutes,

我在每个人前面站了十几二十分钟

and picked this one woman.

最后拍摄了上面那段视频

And it was just lightning fast;

她的操作速度之快

the way she was working was almost unbelievable.

完全令人难以想象

But that is the trick that they've got right now,

其实中国真正所拥有的

that they're winning with, is that they're using

真正让他们从东方崛起的

all the latest technologies and extrusion machines,

不光是他们所拥有的高新技术与设备

and bringing all the components into play,

不光是这些设备的简单相加

but the assembly is where they're actually bringing in --

而是这个国家广大的劳动人民

the country workers are very willing to work. They want to work.

他们愿意工作，想要工作

There's a massive backlog of people wanting their jobs.

而且还有庞大的求职大军等在每个岗位背后

That condition's going to be there for the next 10 to 15 years

如果每个人都不改变他们的想法

if they realize what they want, which is, you know,

那么这样的情况还要持续十到十五年时间

400 to 500 million more people coming into the cities.

迟早还有四五亿人口会涌入城市

In this particular case -- this is the assembly line that you saw;

让我们回到这张照片

this is a shot of it.

就是大家看到的这张生产线的照片

I had to use a very small aperture to get the depth of field.

在拍摄时我必须收小光圈以保证照片的清晰度

I had to have them freeze for 10 seconds to get this shot.

所以我必须保证他们能够十秒左右的静止

It took me five fake tries

我在他们工作时一共拍摄了五张

because they were just going. To slow them down was literally impossible.

但是他们在工作状态中很难真正固定下来

They were just wound up doing these things all day long,

因为他们已经习惯了每天紧张的工作节拍

until the manager had to, with a stern voice, say,

于是我只好请来一位主管，他大吼一声

"Okay, everybody freeze."

“OK，大家都不许动”

It wasn't too bad,

这张照片看上去不错

but they're driven to produce these things at an incredible rate.

遗憾的是这是一张摆拍的照片

This is a textile mill doing synthetic silk, an oil byproduct.

这是一座合成丝纺织厂的照片，是一种石油加工的副产品

And what you're seeing here is,

大家在照片中看到的纺织厂

again, one of the most state-of-the-art textile mills.

代表了当前纺织厂的最高水准

There are 500 of these machines; they're worth about 200,000 dollars each.

这里有五百台纺织机，每台价值二十万美元

So you have about 12 people running this,

只需要十二个人就可以管理

and they're just inspecting it -- and they're just walking the lines.

他们只需要在生产线上来回检查即可

The machines are all running,

机器正在工作之中

absolutely incredible to see what the scale of industries are.

这样的工业场景是非常具有震撼力的

And I started getting in further and further into the factories.

所以我接二连三走访了一家又一家工厂

And that's a diptych. I do a lot of pairings

把两张照片拼在一起，我做了不少类似的处理

to try and get the sense of scale in these places.

以图更好的表现此类场景的规模之大

This is a line where they get the threads

这里是来料车间

and they wind the threads together,

工厂在这里统计来料

pre-going into the textile mills.

送入纺织车间

Here's something that's far more labor-intensive,

这是一间制鞋工厂

which is the making of shoes.

劳动力更加密集

This floor has about 1,500 workers on this floor.

这里大约有一千五百名工人

The company itself had about 10,000 employees,

整个工厂的员工超过一万人

and they're doing domestic shoes.

主要面向国内市场

It was very hard to get into the international companies

想进入国际化企业拍照是非常困难的

because I had to get permission from companies like Nike and Adidas,

耐克或者阿迪达斯这样的公司

and that's very hard to get.

基本不可能允许我进去拍照

And they don't want to let me in.

而且他们也不希望我进去拍照

But the domestic was much easier to do.

但是本土企业就容易得多

It just gives you a sense of, again -- and that's where,

这样的工作场景遍布全中国

really, the whole migration of jobs started going over to China

大家可以从这些照片中体会得到

and making the shoes. Nike was one of the early ones.

耐克是最早进入中国的制鞋企业之一

It was such a high labor component to it

劳动力成本非常高昂

that it made a lot of sense to go after that labor market.

因此他们十分有必要选择一个低廉的劳动力市场

This is a high-tech mobile phone: Bird mobile phone,

这是一家高科技手机企业，波导手机

one of the largest mobile makers in China.

他们是中国最大的手机生产厂商之一

I think mobile phone companies

由于中国手机持有量的爆炸性增长

are popping up, literally, on a weekly basis,

我想目前在中国

and they have an explosive growth in mobile phones.

也许每周都有一家新的手机公司成立

This is a textile where they're doing shirts --

这是一家生产衬衣的纺织加工企业

Youngor, the biggest shirt factory and clothing factory in China.

雅戈尔，中国最大的成衣企业之一

And this next shot here is one of the lunchrooms.

接下来一张照片是一间食堂

Everything is very efficient.

这里一切都非常高效

While setting up this shot,

据我拍照时的观察

people on average would spend eight to 10 minutes having a lunch.

这里的人进餐时间普遍为八到十分钟

This was one of the biggest factories I've ever seen.

这是我见过的最大一间厂房

They make coffeemakers here, the biggest coffeemaker

主要生产咖啡机，他们是全球最大的咖啡机制造商

and the biggest iron makers --

同时也是最大的电熨斗制造商

they make 20 million of them in the world.

生产量达两千万台

There's 21,000 employees. This one factory -- and they had several of them --

这里共有两万一千名员工，厂房全长半公里

is half a kilometer long.

而这仅仅是他们诸多生产车间中的一处

These are just recently shot -- I just came back about a month ago,

这些都是我最近拍摄的照片，我一个月前刚刚回来

so you're the first ones to be seeing these,

所以在座各位是第一批看到这些照片的人

these new factory pictures I've taken.

这些工厂的照片

So it's taken me almost a year to gain access into these places.

我花了将近一年的时间打通关系获准进入这些地方拍摄

The other aspect of what's happening in China

接下来让我们看看中国的另一面

is that there's a real need for materials there.

这是一个极度渴求资源的国家

So a lot of the recycled materials that are collected here

因此我们这里不少可回收资源

are being recycled and taken to China by ships.

都被收集起来装船运往中国

That's cubed metal. This is armatures, electrical armatures,

刚才是金属块，这是转子，发电机中间的转轴

where they're getting the copper and the high-end steel

他们从发电机中将其取出

from electrical motors out, and recycling them.

回收上面的铜及其它贵重金属

This is certainly connected to California and Silicon Valley.

这些废品毫无疑问与加州或者硅谷有关

But this is what happens to most of the computers.

这是大多数计算机的最终归宿

Fifty percent of the world's computers end up in China to be recycled.

世界上大约一半的计算机最终在中国埋骨

It's referred to as "e-waste" there.

他们管这叫做电子垃圾

And it is a bit of a problem. The way they recycle the boards

但是由于他们的回收方式，这些垃圾确实会造成问题

is that they actually use the coal briquettes,

煤炉在中国使用非常广泛

which are used all through China, but they heat up the boards,

他们就是用煤炉加热电路板

and with pairs of pliers they pull off all the components.

然后把零件从电路板上拔下来

They're trying to get all the valued metals out of those components.

从中提取有价值的金属原料

But the toxic smells -- when you come into a town

但是这么做会产生大量的有毒气体

that's actually doing this kind of burning of the boards,

在从事这类行业的村庄周围五里或十里的地方

you can smell it a good five or 10 kilometers before you get there.

你就能闻到那种刺鼻的气味

Here's another operation. It's all cottage industries,

这是另一处回收点

so it's not big places -- it's all in people's front porches,

他们大多是一些家庭作坊，占地面积不大

in their backyards, even in their homes they're burning boards,

也许就是在自家门口、后院甚至是房间里面焚烧回收这些电路板

if there's a concern for somebody coming by --

也许有人会对此产生疑问

because it is considered in China to be illegal, doing it,

确实这些行业在中国是违法的

but they can't stop the product from coming in.

但事实上他们也无法制止这些行为继续下去

This portrait -- I'm not usually known for portraits,

这是一张人像，我很少拍人像

but I couldn't resist this one, where she's been through Mao,

但这一张实在让我无法自己

and she's been through the Great Leap Forward,

这位老人家经历了毛泽东时代，经历了大跃进

and the Cultural Revolution, and now she's sitting on her porch

又经历了文化大革命，而现在她坐在自家的院子里

with this e-waste beside her. It's quite something.

旁边堆满了电子垃圾，这样的场景令人唏嘘

This is a road where it's been shored up by computer boards

这条道路两旁堆满了废弃的电脑主板

in one of the biggest towns where they're recycling.

这是最大的一处电子垃圾回收村

So that's the photographs that I wanted to show you.

这就是我想给大家看的所有照片

(Applause)

(掌声)

I want to dedicate my wishes to my two girls.

我想将我的心愿献给我的两个女儿

They've been sitting on my shoulder the whole time while I've been thinking.

在我所有思考的时光中，她们一直萦绕在我的心头

One's Megan, the one of the right, and Katja there.

右边的是玫根，左边的是卡嘉

And to me the whole notion --

就我而言，所有这一切

the things I'm photographing are out of a great concern

所有这些我拍摄的照片

about the scale of our progress and what we call progress.

对于我们要做的事都有重大的意义

And as much as there are great things around the corner --

而所有这一切在这一刻

and it's palpable in this room --

在这里

of all of the things that are just about to break

都变得触手可及

that can solve so many problems,

这一切将会改变诸多问题

I'm really hoping that those things will spread around the world

我希望我们所做的事情

and will start to have a positive effect.

能够对整个世界产生一些积极的影响

And it isn't something that isn't just affecting our world,

我认为，我们不光要改变我们身边的世界

but it starts to go up -- because I think we can start correcting

还应该积极行动起来，改变我们自己

our footprint and bring it down -- but there's a growing footprint

避免继续错下去

that's happening in Asia, and is growing at a rapid, rapid rate,

尽管错误的行为还在继续，特别在亚洲，还在愈演愈烈

and so I don't think we can equalize it. So ultimately the strategy,

尽管我知道这是一件无可奈何的事情

I think, here is that we have to be very concerned about their evolution,

但是我想这也正是为什么我们需要关注他们的发展

because it is going to be connected to our evolution as well.

因为他们的发展同时会影响到我们的发展

So part of my thinking, and part of my wishes,

这一方面是我所想的内容，同时也是我的愿望

is sitting with these thoughts in mind,

带着这样的想法

and thinking about,

我开始思考这些问题

"How is their life going to be when they want to have children,

“二十年后，或者十五年后

or when they're ready to get married 20 years from now -- or whatever,

当他们开始考虑婚姻、家庭和下一代

15 years from now?"

他们那时会是过着一种什么样的日子呢？”

And to me that has been the core behind most of my thinking --

无论是思索我的作品，还是思考这样一个难得的许愿机会

in my work, and also for this incredible chance to have some wishes.

这一问题都是我所有思考的核心所在

Wish one: world-changing. I want to use my images

我的第一个心愿：改变世界。我想要用我的照片

to persuade millions of people to join in the global conversation on sustainability.

让更多人开始关心可持续发展这样一个世界性话题

And it is through communications today

得益于当今通信手段的发达

that I believe that that is not an unreal idea.

我想这并不是一个遥不可及的愿望

Oh, and I went in search -- I wanted to put what I had in mind,

我在之前做过一些调查，我希望我的愿望

hitch it onto something. I didn't want a wish just to start from nowhere.

能够脚踏实地的执行，而不是停留在纸上谈兵

One of them I'm starting from almost nothing, but the other one,

尽管目前我的愿望目前还没有实现

I wanted to find out what's going on that's working right now.

但是我已经找到了一个正在实行中的类似行动

And Worldchanging.com is a fantastic blog, and that blog

Worldchanging.com是一个很棒的博客

is now being visited by close to half-a-million people a month.

成立十四个月

And it just started about 14 months ago.

目前每月访问量已接近五十万人

And the beauty of what's going on there

这个网站最关键的一点就是

is that the tone of the conversation is the tone that I like.

他们的态度正是我所喜欢的态度

What they're doing there is that they're not --

他们并没有走以前那些环保运动的老路

I think the environmental movement has failed

我觉得环保运动之所以失败

in that it's used the stick too much;

主要是因为他们试图用耸人听闻的语调

it's used the apocalyptic tone too much;

向人灌输环境保护的大道理

it hasn't sold the positive aspects of

而不是给人们展现环境保护的积极一面

being environmentally concerned and trying to pull us out.

让人们试着慢慢改变

Whereas this conversation that is going on in this blog

而这个博客正是在向人们展示

is about positive movements,

环保举措所带来的积极影响

about how to change our world in a better way, quickly.

一些行之有效的方式，让我们的世界变得更好

And it's looking at technology, and it's looking at new energy-saving devices,

包括新的技术，新的节能设备

and it's looking at how to rethink and how to re-strategize

新的思路，新的策略

the movement towards sustainability.

一切和可持续发展相关的举措

And so for me, one of the things that I thought

而我所能做到的

would be to put some of my work in the service of promoting

就是将我的作品

the Worldchanging.com website.

用在网站的推广宣传之中

Some of you might know, he's a TEDster -- Stephen Sagmeister and I

也许有些人已经知道，我和施德明，他同样也是TED的一份子

are working on some layouts. And this is still in preliminary stages;

共同设计了一些海报，当然这还是海报的草样

these aren't the finals. But these images, with Worldchanging.com,

而不是最终的设计结果，这些写有网址的图像

can be placed into any kind of media.

可以被用在任何类型的媒体上

They could be posted through the Web;

可以放在网站上

they could be used as a billboard or a bus shelter, or anything of that nature.

海报上、公交车站或者任何其他地方

So we're looking at this as trying to build out.

这是一个起点

And what we ended up discussing

我们的想法是这样的

was that in most media you get mostly an image with a lot of text,

大多数媒体都采用大量文字配上一副插图

and the text is blasted all over.

到处都是文字

What was unusual, according to Stephen,

根据施德明的统计，只有不到百分之五的广告

is less than five percent of ads are actually leading with image.

是图像主导的，十分稀少

And so in this case,

我们这样设计

because it's about a lot of these images and what they represent,

是想要通过大量的图片来传递信息

and the kinds of questions they bring up,

引人思考

that we thought letting the images play out and bring someone to say,

让人们在看到图片的同时就会想到

"Well, what's Worldchanging.com, with these images, have to do?"

“Worldchanging.com，还有这些图片，这代表什么呢？”

And hopefully inspire people to go to that website.

并希望人们能够带着问题打开网站

So Worldchanging.com, and building that blog, and it is a blog,

尽管Worldchanging.com现在只是一个博客

and I'm hoping that it isn't -- I don't see it as the kind of blog

但我希望他能够更大的发展，我从不仅仅把它当做一个博客

where we're all going to follow each other to death.

因为这里有我们无数人前仆后继的努力

This one is one that will spoke out, and will go out,

我相信它能够发出自己的声音，能够带来自己的影响

and to start reaching. Because right now there's conversations

现在，就在这个网站上

in India, in China, in South America --

已经有来自印度、中国、北美的讨论

there's entries coming from all around the world.

有来自世界各地的访问者与信息

I think there's a chance to have a dialogue, a conversation

我相信总有一天我们可以借着Worldchanging.com

about sustainability at Worldchanging.com.

实现一场关于可持续发展的大对话，大讨论

And anything that you can do to promote that would be fantastic.

如果你愿意为促进这一切做点什么，那真是再好不过

Wish two is more of the bottom-up, ground-up one that I'm trying to work with.

我的下一个愿望更多是为了我们下一代考虑

And this one is: I wish to launch a groundbreaking competition

这个愿望是：我想发起一个开创性的运动

that motivates kids to invest ideas on, and invent ideas on, sustainability.

鼓励孩子们就可持续发展贡献自己的想法

And one of the things that came out --

这个想法是由我的提名人艾莉森

Allison, who actually nominated me, said something earlier on

在一次头脑风暴中提出来的

in a brainstorming. She said that recycling in Canada

在她当时谈到了加拿大的垃圾回收问题的时候

had a fantastic entry into our psyche through kids between grade four and six.

我突然想到了四年级到六年级之间的小朋友们

And you think about it, you know,

大家都知道

grade four -- my wife and I, we say age seven is the age of reason,

四年级，也就是七岁左右的小孩

so they're into the age of reason. And they're pre-puberty.

他们刚刚开始发育，也刚刚开始认识社会

So it's this great window where they actually are --

所以对于这个阶段的小孩而言

you can influence them. You know what happens at puberty?

我们的言传身教就变得很重要

You know, we know that from earlier presentations.

这一点我想大家都知道

So my thinking here is that we try to motivate those kids

我以我觉得我们可以从娃娃入手

to start driving home ideas. Let them understand what sustainability is,

让他们从小就知道什么是可持续发展

and that they have a vested interest in it to happen.

并且培养他们对可持续发展的兴趣

And one of the ways I thought of doing it is to use my prize,

我想到的一个方法就是用我得到的奖金

so I would take 30,000 or 40,000 dollars of the winnings,

大约三万到四万美元作为奖金

and the rest is going to be to manage this project,

剩下的作为管理基金启动这一项目

but to use that as prizes for kids to get into their hands.

通过奖金激励孩子们参与到活动中来

But the other thing that I thought would be fantastic

按照我的想法

was to create these -- call them "prize targets."

活动最终可以评选出

And so one could be for the best sustainable idea

一个最佳校园可持续发展建议奖

for an in-school project, the best one for a household project,

一个最佳家庭可持续发展建议奖

or it could be the best community project for sustainability.

以及一个最佳社区可持续发展项目

And I also thought there should be a nice prize

同时我还想设立一个“我的世界”艺术奖

for the best artwork for "In My World." And what would happen --

这是一个弹性很大的项目

it's a scalable thing. And if we can get people to put in things --

如果我们能吸引一部分人

whether it's equipment, like a media lab,

为这一项目投入设备或资金

or money to make the prize significant enough --

就可以让这个项目变得引人注目

and to open it up to all the schools that are public schools,

让所有的学校，包括公立学校

or schools that are with kids that age,

以及所有适龄儿童就读的学校

and make it a wide-open competition for them

都参与到这个竞赛中来

to go after those prizes and to submit them.

从中收集参赛作品并评出名次

And the prize has to be a verifiable thing, so it's not about just ideas.

大奖应该颁发给一个实际项目，而不是一些不切实际的想法

The art pieces are about the ideas and how they present them

艺术作品可以是他们的思路，或者实践的过程

and do them, but the actual things have to be verifiable.

但是所有的一切必须要落在实处

In that way, what's happening is that

这么做，我们实际上是在

we're motivating a certain age group to start thinking.

鼓励这样一个年龄段的小孩开始思考

And they're going to push that up, from the bottom -- up into,

通过他们来推广可持续发展的理念

I believe, into the households. And parents will be reacting to it,

我相信他们的行为可以影响到他们的父母，他们的家庭

and trying to help them with the projects.

大人们会帮助他们参与到活动中来

And I think it starts to motivate the whole idea towards sustainability

而这一切最终会让大家主动的

in a very positive way,

去关注与传播可持续发展的理念

and starts to teach them. They know about recycling now,

也许大家都会自觉的回收垃圾

but they don't really, I think, get sustainability in all the things,

我想不是所有人都会关注可持续发展的方方面面

and the energy footprint, and how that matters.

并去了解可持续发展的意义与影响

And to teach them, to me, would be a fantastic wish,

但我很希望每个人都能理解这一点

and it would be something that I would certainly put my shoulder into.

这也正是我在一直努力去做的

And again, in "In My World," the competition --

让我们回到“我的世界”这个比赛话题

we would use the artwork that comes in from that competition to promote it.

我们可以使用比赛中搜集到的艺术作品为其作为宣传

And I like the words, "in my world,"

我喜欢“我的世界”这个主题

because it gives possession of the world to the person who's doing it.

这个主题可以让我们认识到自己是这个世界的主人

It is my world; it's not someone else's. I want to help it;

这是我的世界，而不是别人的世界，我应该保护她

I want to do something with it. So I think it has a great opportunity

我应该为她做些什么

to engage the imaginations -- and great ideas, I think, come from kids --

我想这是一个很好的机会去鼓励孩子们

and engage their imagination into a project,

运用自己的想象力为这个项目

and do something for schools.

也为自己的校园生活，贡献一些力量

I think all schools could use extra equipment, extra cash --

我觉得每个学校都应该拿出一些经费和设备

it's going to be an incentive for them to do that.

引导学生们参与到这一活动中来

And these are some of the ideas in terms of where

而我们与此同时就可以借着这样一些机会

we could possibly put in some promotion for "In My World."

宣传“我的世界”这样一个活动

And wish three is: Imax film. So I was told I should do one for myself,

我的第三个心愿是拍一部IMAX电影

and I've always wanted to actually get involved with doing something.

我一直对自己说，我应该拍一部这样的电影，这是我一直以来的心愿

And the scale of my work, and the kinds of ideas I'm playing with --

当我第一次看到IMAX电影，我就发现这和我的作品

when I first saw an Imax film, I almost immediately thought,

和我一直从事的工作，有一些相同之处

"There's a real resonance between what I'm trying to do

我想，一切无论是内容还是形式

and the scale of what I try to do as a photographer."

这都与我作为一个摄影师所做的及其相似

And I think there's a real possibility

如果给我一个机会

to reach new audiences if I had a chance.

我一定会给观众带来震撼的感受

So I'm looking, really, for a mentor, because I just had my birthday.

当然，我非常需要有人来帮帮我

I'm 50, and I don't have time to go back to school right now --

我刚刚过了五十岁生日，我已经没有什么时间花在学习上了

I'm too busy. So I need somebody

我确实很忙，所以我需要有人

who can put me on a quick catch-up course on how to do something like that,

可以帮我迅速掌握相关的操作技能

and lead me through the maze of how one does something like this.

给我的拍摄工作指出一条明路，这一定很有趣。

That would be fantastic. So those are my three wishes.

以上，就是我的三个愿望

(Applause)

(掌声)