We've stopped trusting institutions and started trusting strangers | Rachel Botsman

翻译人员: Cindy Ma 校对人员: Junyi Sha

Let's talk about trust.

我们来一起讨论讨论 信任这个问题。

We all know trust is fundamental,

我们都知道信任 是人与人交往的基础，

but when it comes to trusting people,

当我们开始信任 一个人的时候

something profound is happening.

一些巨大的改变随之发生

Please raise your hand

在“空中食宿网“ （旅行短租网站）中

if you have ever been a host or a guest on Airbnb.

当过房东或者 住客的请举手。

Wow. That's a lot of you.

哇！人数真不少。

Who owns Bitcoin?

那么谁有”比特币“ （一种电子货币）呢？

Still a lot of you. OK.

仍有很多人啊。

And please raise your hand if you've ever used Tinder

那么在“火线”（交友网站） 上找过男女朋友的，

to help you find a mate.

请举手。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

这次真的很难计算， 因为很多人都不好意思举手。

This one's really hard to count because you're kind of going like this.

(Laughter)

（笑声）

These are all examples of how technology

以上的这些都可以很好的证明，

科技是如何创造一种新机制的

is creating new mechanisms

that are enabling us to trust unknown people, companies and ideas.

使我们相信陌生人、 陌生的公司以及陌生的点子，

And yet at the same time,

但与此同时，

trust in institutions --

对于一些组织机构，

banks, governments and even churches --

比如说，银行，甚至教堂，

is collapsing.

我们的信任正在崩塌。

So what's happening here,

这究竟是怎么回事呢？

and who do you trust?

你究竟信任谁呢？

Let's start in France with a platform -- with a company, I should say --

我们先来看看 法国的一个网络平台，

确切的说是一家法国公司。

with a rather funny-sounding name,

它有着一个听起来 很有意思的名字：

BlaBlaCar.

“巴拉巴拉拼车”

这个平台可以将 想要进行长途拼车的

It's a platform that matches drivers and passengers

who want to share long-distance journeys together.

司机和旅客进行配对。

The average ride taken is 320 kilometers.

每次拼车的平均旅程 距离为320千米。

所以说通过这个平台 选择你的驴友是非常明智的。

So it's a good idea to choose your fellow travelers wisely.

Social profiles and reviews help people make a choice.

人们可以通过社交 网络资料和评论进行选择，

You can see if someone's a smoker, you can see what kind of music they like,

通过这些，你可以 知道他是否吸烟，

他喜欢什么样的音乐，

you can see if they're going to bring their dog along for the ride.

你也可以知道他们是否 会带着宠物狗一起旅行。

But it turns out that the key social identifier

但研究结果表示， 人们最关心的问题是：

你能在车里说多少话。

is how much you're going to talk in the car.

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Bla, not a lot,

“巴拉”的意思是没说几句话

“巴拉巴拉”的意思是你们 可能会有一个很好的交谈。

bla bla, you want a nice bit of chitchat,

and bla bla bla, you're not going to stop talking the entire way

而“巴拉巴拉巴拉”就代表 从伦敦直到巴黎的一路上，

from London to Paris.

你都在说个不停。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

这个点子真的很不错， 因而它大获成功。

It's remarkable, right, that this idea works at all,

而且它与我们小时候父母 警告我们的事情正好相反：

because it's counter to the lesson most of us were taught as a child:

never get in a car with a stranger.

永远不要和陌生人 搭同一辆车。

And yet, BlaBlaCar transports more than four million people

然而，“巴拉巴拉拼车” 在每个月里

会承载超过400万的乘客

every single month.

To put that in context, that's more passengers

如果进行比较的话， 这些乘客数

than the Eurostar or JetBlue airlines carry.

要超过“欧洲之星”或者 “捷蓝航空”的客流量。

BlaBlaCar is a beautiful illustration of how technology is enabling

“巴拉巴拉拼车”很好的 证明了科技如何使得

millions of people across the world to take a trust leap.

上百万来自世界各地的人 实现一种信任上的跨越。

A trust leap happens when we take the risk to do something new or different

当我们冒险去尝试一些 新的或与众不同的事物时，

to the way that we've always done it.

我们说这是一种信任上的跨越。

Let's try to visualize this together.

让我们一起来设想下：

OK. I want you to close your eyes.

现在，我希望大家 都把眼睛闭上，

There is a man staring at me with his eyes wide open.

那有一位先生 瞪大了眼睛看着我。

I'm on this big red circle. I can see.

我站在这个巨大的红色圆圈中， 我能清楚的看见你，

So close your eyes.

所以，请闭上眼睛。

(Laughter) (Applause)

（笑声）（掌声）

I'll do it with you.

我来教大家接下来怎么做。

And I want you to imagine there exists a gap

我希望大家想象下， 你与一个陌生事物之间，

between you and something unknown.

存在着一个空间上的间隔。

That unknown can be someone you've just met.

这个陌生的事物可能 是你刚刚认识的某个人，

It can be a place you've never been to.

也可能是你一个 你从来没去过的地方，

It can be something you've never tried before.

也可能是你从来 没尝试过的事情。

大家想好了吗？

You got it?

OK. You can open your eyes now.

现在，大家可以睁开眼睛了。

For you to leap from a place of certainty,

对于你来说，如果 你想跨越这个间隙，

to take a chance on that someone or something unknown,

想要尝试到那个地方， 或者了解那个人，

you need a force to pull you over the gap,

你需要一个动力去推你，

and that remarkable force is trust.

而这个了不起 的动力就是信任。

Trust is an elusive concept,

信任是一个捉摸不透的概念，

and yet we depend on it for our lives to function.

但是我们却需要它 成为我们生存的基石。

I trust my children

我相信我的孩子，

when they say they're going to turn the lights out at night.

相信他们会按照他们自己 说的那样，在晚上准时关灯。

I trusted the pilot who flew me here to keep me safe.

我相信飞行员，相信他们 会在飞行中保障我的安全。

信任是我们频繁使用的一个词，

It's a word we use a lot,

without always thinking about what it really means

但我们却不会考虑 在不同的生活环境中，

它究竟是什么意思， 起着怎样的作用。

and how it works in different contexts of our lives.

There are, in fact, hundreds of definitions of trust,

实际上，对于信任的 定义有成百上千种，

and most can be reduced to some kind of risk assessment

这些定义大多数可以 被简化成一种风险评估，

of how likely it is that things will go right.

主要的评估内容是这件事 有多大的可能性是正确的。

但我并不喜欢这种 对信任的定义。

But I don't like this definition of trust,

because it makes trust sound rational and predictable,

因为它们使得信任看起来 是理性的且可预测的。

而且这些定义并没有真正 抓住究竟是人的哪些本性

and it doesn't really get to the human essence

of what it enables us to do

促使我们去前进，

and how it empowers us

是怎么促使我们

to connect with other people.

与他人建立联系？

So I define trust a little differently.

所以，我对信任的 定义与它们有些不同，

I define trust as a confident relationship to the unknown.

我认为信任是对 未知关系的一种自信。

Now, when you view trust through this lens,

现在，如果大家以 这种角度来审视信任，

你就会发现为什么 信任会有一种独特的力量，

it starts to explain why it has the unique capacity

to enable us to cope with uncertainty,

帮助我们克服 那种不确定的不安

to place our faith in strangers,

帮助我们将信任 交付到陌生人手中，

to keep moving forward.

最终帮助我们不断前进。

Human beings are remarkable

人类是非常了不起的，

at taking trust leaps.

我们可以因信任跨越鸿沟。

Do you remember the first time you put your credit card details

你还记得你第一次上网填写

into a website?

信用卡信息的时候吗？

That's a trust leap.

这就是信任的飞跃。

我始终记得 当我告诉我的父亲

I distinctly remember telling my dad

that I wanted to buy a navy blue secondhand Peugeot on eBay,

我想在易趣（购物网站）上

买一辆二手的深蓝色 的标致汽车时，

and he rightfully pointed out

他理直气壮的指出

that the seller's name was "Invisible Wizard"

卖家的名字叫“隐形的巫师”，

and that this probably was not such a good idea.

这个名字不好， 不能在他这里买。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

我的工作主要是研究科技

So my work, my research focuses on how technology

is transforming the social glue of society,

是如何改变社会凝聚力的，

trust between people,

是如何在人们之间建立信任的。

and it's a fascinating area to study,

这个领域真的特别吸引人，

because there's still so much we do not know.

因为有太多的东西 是我们不知道的。

For instance, do men and women trust differently in digital environments?

例如，男人和女人在网络中 的信任度是一样的吗？

Does the way we build trust face-to-face translate online?

我们在现实社会与在网络中

建立信任的方式是相同的吗？

Does trust transfer?

信任会传递吗？

So if you trust finding a mate on Tinder,

如果你相信在“火线”上 能找到你的另一半，

are you more likely to trust finding a ride on BlaBlaCar?

那么你会不会更愿意相信

在“巴拉巴拉拼车”上 能找到合适的驴友呢？

But from studying hundreds of networks and marketplaces,

在研究过成百上千的 网络软件和商场模式之后，

there is a common pattern that people follow,

我发现人们的行为 遵循一个共同的规律，

and I call it "climbing the trust stack."

我叫它“爬上信任的阶梯”。

Let me use BlaBlaCar as an example to bring it to life.

让我用“巴拉巴拉拼车” 为大家更直观的解释下。

在这个阶梯的第一层，

On the first level,

you have to trust the idea.

你需要首先相信 这个想法的可行性，

So you have to trust

也就是说你要相信，

the idea of ride-sharing is safe and worth trying.

这个共同搭车的想法 是安全且值得一试的。

The second level is about having confidence in the platform,

阶梯的第二层是 你要对这个平台有信心，

that BlaBlaCar will help you if something goes wrong.

也就是说你要 相信当问题出现时，

“巴拉巴拉拼车”会帮你解决。

And the third level is about using little bits of information

第三层就是运用一些信息

to decide whether the other person is trustworthy.

来决定究竟谁是 值得信任的驴友。

Now, the first time we climb the trust stack,

经历了这三层之后，

我们第一次爬上了 “信任阶梯”的顶峰。

it feels weird, even risky,

我们会感觉有些不可思议， 甚至还有些冒险，

但是我们却发现了其实 这些想法是再正常不过的。

but we get to a point where these ideas seem totally normal.

我们的行为在改变着，

Our behaviors transform,

often relatively quickly.

而且速度相对较快。

In other words, trust enables change and innovation.

换句话说，信任使 我们改变且不断创新。

So an idea that intrigued me, and I'd like you to consider,

因而，我有了一个想法， 我希望我们可以一起考虑，

is whether we can better understand

我们是否可以 在信任的角度上，

major waves of disruption and change in individuals in society

更好的理解社会中

through the lens of trust.

人们的分裂及改变？

Well, it turns out that trust has only evolved

研究结果表明， 信任只参与了

in three significant chapters throughout the course of human history:

人类历史进程中 的三个重要环节：

local, institutional

本土化，制度化

and what we're now entering, distributed.

以及现在的分散化。

So for a long time,

所以，很长一段时间内，

也就是直到19世纪中期

until the mid-1800s,

trust was built around tight-knit relationships.

信任只是建立在 亲密的关系之间的。

So say I lived in a village

举个例子， 我和前五排的观众，

with the first five rows of this audience,

一起生活在一个村子里

and we all knew one another,

我们都互相熟悉。

and say I wanted to borrow money.

如果我想借钱，

The man who had his eyes wide open, he might lend it to me,

前排这个睁大眼睛看着我 的先生可能会借给我。

and if I didn't pay him back,

但是如果我没有还钱给他，

you'd all know I was dodgy.

村子了的所有人就 都会知道我是个骗子，

I would get a bad reputation,

我的名声会变臭，

and you would refuse to do business with me in the future.

以后没有人会再和我做生意。

Trust was mostly local and accountability-based.

那时的信任完全是 建立在地区范围之内，

且带有问责性的。

In the mid-19th century,

而到了19世纪中期，

society went through a tremendous amount of change.

我们的社会 经历了巨大的变革，

People moved to fast-growing cities such as London and San Francisco,

很多人搬到了 发展迅速的城市地区，

比如伦敦或者旧金山。

and a local banker here was replaced by large corporations

与此同时，当地的银行家 也被一些大企业而取代，

这些大企业并不 了解我们每一个人。

that didn't know us as individuals.

因此，我们开始将我们的信任

We started to place our trust

放入权威机构的“黑箱系统”中

into black box systems of authority,

things like legal contracts and regulation and insurance,

它就像法律合同， 法律规范或者保险一样，

and less trust directly in other people.

因而人与人之间的 直接信任就减少了很多，

Trust became institutional and commission-based.

信任开始基于各种机构组织。

It's widely talked about how trust in institutions and many corporate brands

人们现在讨论最多的就是 对于各种机构组织的信任，

has been steadily declining and continues to do so.

是如何持续下滑的。

I am constantly stunned by major breaches of trust:

我一直被那些失信 的丑闻所震惊着。

比如说，新闻集团 的电话入侵事件，

the News Corp phone hacking,

the Volkswagen emissions scandal,

大众的尾气排放丑闻，

the widespread abuse in the Catholic Church,

天主教会中大量的虐童事件。

the fact that only one measly banker

实际上，在金融危机爆发以后

只有一个低等的银行家

到监狱里做了替死鬼。

went to jail after the great financial crisis,

or more recently the Panama Papers

还有最近爆出的“巴拿马文件”，

that revealed how the rich can exploit offshore tax regimes.

这些文件向我们暴露了，

有钱人是如何通过 离岸税收制度逃税漏税的。

And the thing that really surprises me

真正令我吃惊的是，

当人们间的信任崩盘时，

is why do leaders find it so hard

让这些人领导人 道个歉为什么这么难？

to apologize, I mean sincerely apologize,

when our trust is broken?

当然，我说的是真正的道歉

It would be easy to conclude that institutional trust isn't working

我们对各种机构、组织 失去信任的原因很简单，

because we are fed up

因为我们受够了那些

厚颜无耻、谎话连篇 的所谓的精英们。

with the sheer audacity of dishonest elites,

but what's happening now

但现在所发生的 这些事，远不止

runs deeper than the rampant questioning of the size and structure of institutions.

对那些组织机构的规模、 结构的质疑那么简单。

We're starting to realize

因为我们开始意识到，

that institutional trust

建立在组织机构上的信任，

wasn't designed for the digital age.

不再适用于数字时代。

Conventions of how trust is built,

一些常规的思维， 比如说信任在

一些集团公司中、领导中， 以及整个系统之中，

managed, lost and repaired --

in brands, leaders and entire systems --

是如何建立的、管理的、 失去的，最后又重建的，

已经被完全颠覆。

is being turned upside down.

Now, this is exciting,

就现在来说，是件 另人兴奋的事，

but it's frightening,

但这也是非常恐怖的事情。

because it forces many of us to have to rethink

因为这就要求我们重新思考，

信任是如何在我们 与客户之间，与雇员之间，

how trust is built and destroyed with our customers, with our employees,

甚至与我们爱的人之间，

even our loved ones.

建立、摧毁的。

The other day, I was talking to the CEO of a leading international hotel brand,

有一天，我与一个来自 国际顶级酒店集团的

首席执行官聊天时，

我们又不自觉的 聊到了“空中食宿网”。

and as is often the case, we got onto the topic of Airbnb.

And he admitted to me that he was perplexed by their success.

他说他真的不明白 这个公司是怎么成功的，

He was perplexed at how a company

他不明白一个公司怎么可以

依靠陌生人间的信任，

that depends on the willingness of strangers to trust one another

could work so well across 191 countries.

将生意做得如此成功， 甚至遍布191个国家。

So I said to him that I had a confession to make,

然后我跟他说， 我要向他承认一个错误，

他有些莫名其妙的看着我，

and he looked at me a bit strangely,

我说：

and I said --

and I'm sure many of you do this as well --

我相信很多在座 的各位也这样做过。

I don't always bother to hang my towels up

当我在离开酒店之前，

我经常不把用过的毛巾挂起来，

when I'm finished in the hotel,

但我不会这样对待在 “空中食宿网”订购的民宿。

but I would never do this as a guest on Airbnb.

And the reason why I would never do this as a guest on Airbnb

我之所在“空中食宿网”中 不会这么做，

is because guests know that they'll be rated by hosts,

是因为住客知道房主 会对他们进行评估打分，

and that those ratings are likely to impact their ability

这些评估打分很有可能会

to transact in the future.

影响他们将来的交易，

It's a simple illustration of how online trust will change our behaviors

这就是一个非常好的例子。

它证明了网络上的信任是

如何在现实生活中 改变我们的行为的。

in the real world,

make us more accountable

而且这些信任以一种 我们以前从未设想过的方式，

in ways we cannot yet even imagine.

使得我们变得更有责任感。

I am not saying we do not need hotels

当然，我也不是说 我们不再需要酒店了，

or traditional forms of authority.

或者说不再需要传统 的那些组织机构了。

But what we cannot deny

但是我们也不能否认，

is that the way trust flows through society is changing,

当今社会的信任 流向已经改变了。

and it's creating this big shift

这种巨大的改变，

是从20世纪

away from the 20th century

that was defined by institutional trust

由组织机构定义的信任，

towards the 21st century

转向了21世纪

that will be fueled by distributed trust.

更加分散的信任。

Trust is no longer top-down.

信任不再仅仅 是由上到下流动了，

It's being unbundled and inverted.

而是分散式的 甚至是反向的。

It's no longer opaque and linear.

信任也不再是 看不见摸不着的了，

也不再是直线型的了，

一种新型的信任 正在不断兴起，

A new recipe for trust is emerging

这种信任再一次 的在人群中兴起

that once again is distributed amongst people

它以问责制为基础。

and is accountability-based.

And this shift is only going to accelerate

这种改变加速了

with the emergence of the blockchain,

区块链的出现，

the innovative ledger technology underpinning Bitcoin.

区块链就是支持比特币 产生的分布式账本创新技术。

Now let's be honest,

但是诚实的讲，

getting our heads around the way blockchain works

我们是很难 真正的理解究竟

区块链是怎样工作的。

is mind-blowing.

And one of the reasons why is it involves processing

其中的一个原因 就是人们总是，

给一些及其复杂的概念，

some pretty complicated concepts

with terrible names.

起一些特别难懂的名字，

I mean, cryptographic algorithms and hash functions,

比如说所谓的“密码规则系统” 以及“散列函数”，

and people called miners, who verify transactions --

还有那些核查交易的“矿工”们。

all that was created by this mysterious person

这些都是由一个神秘人创造的，

or persons called Satoshi Nakamoto.

他的名字叫做中本聪

现在对我们来说，这些 概念都是还没有发生的，

Now, that is a massive trust leap that hasn't happened yet.

巨大的“信任跨越”， 因为我们根本不明白。

(Applause)

（掌声）

But let's try to imagine this.

但还是让我们 试着体会一下，

So "The Economist" eloquently described the blockchain

经济学家们将区块链 生动的比作为：

事物间最伟大的链接。

as the great chain of being sure about things.

The easiest way I can describe it is imagine the blocks as spreadsheets,

而我能想到的最好方法 就是将区块链比作表格，

and they are filled with assets.

这个表格里面 有着丰富的数据。

So that could be a property title.

所以，我们可以将它 看做一个不动产契约，

It could be a stock trade.

也可以看成一次股票交易，

It could be a creative asset, such as the rights to a song.

也可以是一种 具有创造性的资产，

比如说一首歌的版权。

Every time something moves

一旦人们登录的地点

有所改变，

from one place on the register to somewhere else,

that asset transfer is time-stamped

那么这些资产也是 随之实时转移的。

and publicly recorded on the blockchain.

同时在区块链上 也有所有记录，

It's that simple. Right.

这样是不是就好理解些了。

So the real implication of the blockchain

所以说区块链的真正含义就是：

is that it removes the need for any kind of third party,

它为任何形式的 第三方转移他们的需求，

比如说像一名律师一样，

such as a lawyer,

or a trusted intermediary, or maybe not a government intermediary

或者是一个可信的中介，

或者可能就是为了 不让政府做中介，

to facilitate the exchange.

来实现交易。

So if we go back to the trust stack,

那么，现在我们回到 信任层级这个问题上来。

you still have to trust the idea,

现在的情况是， 你仍需要相信这个点子，

you have to trust the platform,

你仍需要相信这个平台，

但是你不需要像以前一样，

but you don't have to trust the other person

相信某个特定的人了。

in the traditional sense.

The implications are huge.

这对我们的启示 是非常巨大的，

In the same way the internet blew open the doors to an age of information

同样的，互联网开启了 一个新的信息时代的大门。

available to everyone,

这个大门允许任何人的进入，

the blockchain will revolutionize trust on a global scale.

而区块链也会在全球范围内 掀起一场信任革命。

Now, I've waited to the end intentionally to mention Uber,

我一直在等着人们 不再提起“优步”（打车应用），

because I recognize that it is a contentious

因为我认为 这是一个有异议，

and widely overused example,

且被过度使用了的例子。

but in the context of a new era of trust, it's a great case study.

但在我们所说的 新的信任的领域下，

“优步”确实是一个 很好的例子。

Now, we will see cases of abuse of distributed trust.

现在，我们看几个 滥用分散性信任的例子。

We've already seen this, and it can go horribly wrong.

我们早已看过这些例子了， 而且它们都糟糕到离谱，

I am not surprised that we are seeing protests from taxi associations

对于出租车协会 在全球范围内的抗议，

all around the world

我一点也不觉得奇怪。

trying to get governments to ban Uber based on claims that it is unsafe.

他们试图说服政府 相信“优步”并不安全，

因而请求取缔它。

I happened to be in London the day that these protests took place,

有一次我在伦敦刚好 遇到了抗议的队伍，

and I happened to notice a tweet

也正巧我看到了 一个很巧妙的“推文”。

from Matt Hancock, who is a British minister for business.

这段话那来自英国 商务大臣马特·汉考克，

And he wrote,

他写到，

"Does anyone have details of this #Uber app everyone's talking about?

“谁能给我一些 关于‘优步’的信息？

为什么大家都 在讨论这个应用？

(Laughter)

（笑声）

I'd never heard of it until today."

直到今天之前 我都没有听说过！“

Now, the taxi associations,

而现在，出租车协会

they legitimized the first layer of the trust stack.

合理化了信任层级中的第一层。

They legitimized the idea that they were trying to eliminate,

他们将他们想要避免 的事变得合理化了。

and sign-ups increased by 850 percent in 24 hours.

而且在24小时内”优步“ 的注册人数增加了850%。

这个例子很好的说明了，

Now, this is a really strong illustration

of how once a trust shift has happened around a behavior or an entire sector,

信任是如何在行为之间 或者整个领域中转变的。

you cannot reverse the story.

大家可以好好 想一下这个例子：

每天，全世界会有 500万人跨越信任鸿沟，

Every day, five million people will take a trust leap

乘坐”优步“，

and ride with Uber.

In China, on Didi, the ride-sharing platform,

在中国的“滴滴”， 这个打车应用每天

11 million rides taken every day.

载客数会达到1100万，

That's 127 rides per second,

也就是每秒会有 127辆车载客。

showing that this is a cross-cultural phenomenon.

所以说这是一个 跨越文化的现象。

And the fascinating thing is that both drivers and passengers report

而且更神奇的是 司机和乘客都说，

that seeing a name

只看到一个人的名字，

and seeing someone's photo and their rating

照片以及他们的评论，

makes them feel safer,

会使他们感到更安全。

and as you may have experienced,

也许在坐的各位都体会到，

even behave a little more nicely in the taxi cab.

我们在”优步“上会比在 出租车上表现的好一些，

Uber and Didi are early but powerful examples

虽然”优步“和”滴滴“ 都已经出现很久了，

但是它们都有力的证明了，

科技是如何以一种前所未有 的方式和范围内，

of how technology is creating trust between people

增加人与人之间的信任的。

in ways and on a scale never possible before.

现在，很多人对于进入到 一个陌生人开的车里，

Today, many of us are comfortable getting into cars driven by strangers.

应该是感觉很舒服的了。

We meet up with someone we swiped right to be matched with.

我们会与陌生人见面， 会刷卡买东西，

We share our homes with people we do not know.

我们会与陌生人 分享我们的房子，

This is just the beginning,

但是，一切一切 才只是刚刚开始。

because the real disruption happening

因为真正促使改变产生的，

并不是科技，

isn't technological.

是信任的转变刺激了 科技的创造性。

It's the trust shift it creates,

and for my part, I want to help people understand this new era of trust

站在我的角度来说，

我希望人们能够理解 信任的这个新领域，

所以我们才能正确的掌握它。

so that we can get it right

and we can embrace the opportunities to redesign systems

因而我们也可以抓住 这个机会重塑我们的系统，

that are more transparent, inclusive and accountable.

使得这些系统更加透明， 更加兼容也更加值得信任。

Thank you very much.

谢谢大家！

（掌声）

(Applause)

Thank you.

谢谢！

(Applause)

（掌声）