How I use art to tackle plastic pollution in our oceans | Alejandro Durán

翻译人员: Kaylie YE 校对人员: Yolanda Zhang

This is Sian Ka'an.

这里是锡安卡恩。

Just south of Tulum on Mexico's Caribbean coast,

它位于墨西哥加勒比海沿岸的 图鲁姆以南。

it's a federally protected reserve,

这是一个联邦环境保护区，

a UNESCO World Heritage Site

属于联合国教科文组织自然遗产，

and one of the most biodiverse regions on the planet.

也是世界上生物多样性 最丰富的地区之一。

But when I first visited in 2010,

但当我在 2010 年第一次到访时，

I was horrified and completely confused

我吓坏了，也非常困惑：

as to why the beach was covered in trash.

为什么垃圾遍布海滩？

I soon realized that it was floating in from all over the world.

我很快意识到这些垃圾 来自世界各地。

I've since returned, after that first journey,

在第一次到访后，我每年

several times a year

都会多次

to visit Sian Ka'an, to the country of my birth,

来到锡安卡恩，回到我出生的国家，

to work with this trash.

处理那里的垃圾。

And so far,

到目前为止，

we've documented garbage from 58 different countries and territories

我们记录了来自 6 大洲 58 个不同国家

on six continents,

和领土的垃圾，

all washing ashore in this paradise in Mexico.

它们被冲到墨西哥 这个犹如天堂般的海岸上。

Although I can never know where a product was dropped,

虽然我永远不会知道 垃圾是在哪里被丢弃的，

I can, at times, based on the label, know where something was made.

但偶尔我能从标签上 知道到它的产地。

In red, you see all of the countries represented by their trash

标红的都是锡安卡恩垃圾

in Sian Ka'an.

的来源国。

Such as these Haitian butter containers in all shapes and sizes,

比如来自海地的 形状大小各异的黄油罐，

Jamaican water bottles.

来自牙买加的水瓶，

Not surprisingly, a lot of the stuff is from neighboring Caribbean countries,

意料之中的，许多垃圾 来自邻近的加勒比国家，

but the stuff is from everywhere.

但全球各地的都有。

Here's a sampling of international water bottles.

这是各国水瓶的样本。

And one of the ironies is that a lot of what I'm finding

讽刺的是，我找到的许多垃圾

are products for cleaning and beautification,

是清洁和美容产品，

such as this item from the United States,

比如来自美国的这个产品，

which is actually made to protect your plastic,

事实上是用于保护塑料的。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

shampoo from South Korea,

来自韩国的洗发水，

bleach from Costa Rica

来自哥斯达黎加的漂白剂，

and a Norwegian toilet cleaner.

和来自挪威的厕所清洁剂。

And it's items that are all very familiar to us,

这些是我们每个人都很熟悉的产品，

or at least I hope you're familiar with these toothbrushes.

至少我想各位都熟悉这些牙刷。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

Kitchen utensils.

厨房用具，

Toys.

玩具，

I'm also finding evidence of burning plastic trash,

我也找到了燃烧塑料垃圾的证据，

which releases cancer-causing fumes into the air.

这会向大气释放致癌的刺激性气体。

People ask what's the most interesting item that I've found,

人们问我找到的 最有趣的东西是什么，

and that's by far this prosthetic leg.

目前为止是这个假肢。

And in the background, if you can see that blue little bottle cap,

背景中有个蓝色的小瓶盖，

at the time that I found it,

找到它的时候，

it was actually the home to this little hermit crab.

它已经是这只 小小的寄居蟹的家了。

This guy is so cute.

太可爱了。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And it's these fascinating objects,

这些有趣迷人、

but also horrifying objects,

但同时也令人惊恐的物品，

each with their own history,

每一个都有自己的过往，

that I use to make my ephemeral, environmental artworks.

它们被我用来制作 临时的环保艺术品。

And it all started with this image in February of 2010,

一切都始于 2010 年 2 月的这张图，

when I first visited Sian Ka'an.

那时我第一次前往锡安卡恩。

I noticed that blue was the most prevalent color among the plastic.

我注意到蓝色 是塑料最常见的颜色，

Purple is actually the most rare color. It's kind of like gold to me.

紫色是最稀有的颜色。 对我来说就像金子一样稀有。

But blue is the most prevalent,

蓝色最为常见，

and so I gathered some of the blues

因此我收集了一些蓝色物件，

and made this little arrangement in front of the blue sky

把他们摆放在蓝色的天空

and blue Caribbean waters.

和蓝色的加勒比海前面。

And when I took a photograph and looked at the test shot,

我拍了照，看了看照片，

it was like a lightning bolt hit me in that moment,

那一瞬间我仿佛被闪电击中，

and I knew I was going to have to come back

我知道我一定会再回来，

to create a whole series of installations on location

在这里创造一系列的装置艺术，

and photograph them.

并给它们拍照。

So this turned out to be a sketch

这成了一个草稿，

for a work that I completed three years later.

之后我花了 3 年 完成了一整套作品。

I had no idea that almost 10 years later,

我那时并不知道，近 10 年后，

almost a decade later, I'd still be working on it.

我还在继续做这个项目。

But the problem persists.

但问题仍然存在。

So I'm going to show you some of the images

我向大家展示一些图片，

from the series that I called "Washed Up: Transforming a Trashed Landscape."

它们是我命名为《冲刷上岸： 转变垃圾景观》系列中的一部分。

Please keep in mind that I do not paint the garbage.

请记住，垃圾不是我画上去的。

I'm collecting it and organizing it by color

我收集了垃圾并按颜色组合，

on the same beaches where I find it.

放置在它们被发现的海滩上。

This is my precious trash pile as seen in 2015

这是我 2015 年收集的 一块珍贵的垃圾堆，

after putting on a first edition of the "Museo de la Basura,"

之前用它完成了我第一版 的”Museo de la Basura"，

or "Museum of Garbage."

也就是“垃圾博物馆”。

It's fully my intention to care for this garbage,

我的目的是整理这些垃圾，

to exalt it,

变废为宝，

put it on a pedestal

放在台上，

and to curate it.

展出它们。

We have all seen devastating images

我们都看过骇人的图片，

of animals dying with plastic in their bellies.

图片中动物因为 胃里的塑料而奄奄一息。

And it's so important for us to really see those

真正看到那些图片，并有所感触，

and to take those in.

非常重要。

But it's by making aesthetic -- some might say beautiful -- arrangements

但通过艺术性的—— 一些人会认为是美丽的——手法

out of the world's waste,

安置世界上的垃圾；

that I'm trying to hook the viewer

我试图吸引观看者，

to draw in those that might be numb to the horrors of the world

吸引那些可能已经对 世界上各种骇人现象感到的人，

and give them a different way to understand what's happening.

为他们提供新的角度理解现状。

Some have described the Great Pacific Garbage Patch

一些人说太平洋垃圾带是一座

as an island twice the size of Texas,

面积相当于两个德克萨斯的岛屿，

but I've been told that it's hard to see

但我听说很难看到它，

because it's more like a smog.

因为它更像是一片迷雾。

So through my artwork,

因此我通过自己的艺术品，

I attempt to depict the reality of what's happening with our environment

试图描述环境中正在发生的事实，

and to make the invisible visible.

并让不可见变为可见。

My key question at first, after starting the project,

在项目开始后，我的第一个问题是，

was, "What do I do with the garbage when I'm done?"

“完成之后，我如何处理垃圾呢？”

I was told by some that it could be damaged goods

一些人告诉我， 它们可能是损坏的货物，

after traveling across the ocean and being exposed to the elements,

漂流过了大洋，暴露在自然环境中，

that it could become degraded and potentially ruin a batch of recycling.

它可能会降解， 损坏一批本来能回收利用的垃圾。

The landfill was not a happy resting place, either.

填埋场也不是个好去处。

And then finally, it dawned on me,

最后，我突然想到，

after all of the effort by me and all of the people who have helped me

在我和帮助我的人花费大量精力

collect and organize and clean this trash,

收集、整理和清理这些垃圾后，

that I should keep it.

我应该把它们留下。

And so that's the plan,

这就是我的计划，

to use it and to reuse it endlessly

不断地重复使用它们，

to make more artwork

做出更多艺术品，

and to engage communities in environmental art-making.

让更多的社区参与到 制作环保艺术中来。

This is an example of a community-based artwork that we did last year

这是我们去年完成 的社区参与的艺术品，

with the local youth of Punta Allen in Sian Ka'an.

参与者是锡安卡恩当地青年—— 蓬塔·艾伦。

A key part of the community work are the beach cleans

社区工作的重要部分之一 是清理海岸，

and education programming.

和设立教育项目。

And as this community around the project grows

随着项目相关的社区不断扩大，

and as my trash collection grows,

我收集的垃圾越来越多，

I really believe that the impact will as well.

这也让我相信， 我们的影响力也会越来越大。

And so, over the years,

因此，多年来，

I've become a little obsessed with my trash collection.

我有点沉迷于我的垃圾收藏。

I pack it into suitcases and travel with it.

我把它打包进行李箱出门旅行，

I take it on vacation with me.

我带上它和我一起度假。

(Laughter)

（笑声）

And in the latest work,

在最新的作品中，

I've begun to break the two-dimensional plane of the photograph.

我开始打破摄影的平面局限性。

I'm really excited about this new work.

我对新的作品感到非常激动。

I see these as living artworks

它们都是有生命的艺术品，

that will morph and grow over time.

随时间流逝不断变化增长。

Although my greatest wish is that I run out of the raw material

虽然我最大的希望是 把这些艺术品

for this work,

的原材料用完，

we're not there yet.

但这尚未实现。

So in the next phase of the project,

因此在这个项目的下一阶段，

I plan on continuing the community work

我将继续社区工作，

and making my own work at a much larger scale,

扩大工作规模，

because the problem is massive.

因为问题巨大。

Eight million tons of plastic waste enter our oceans every year,

每年有八百万吨塑料进入大洋，

destroying ecosystems.

破坏生态系统。

Right now, as I speak, there's literally an oil spill of plastic happening.

在我讲话的当下， 塑料正如石油一般泄露。

I see this project as a plea for help and a call to action.

这个项目是在请求帮助和呼吁行动，

Our health and future is inextricably linked

我们的健康和未来与

to that of our oceans.

海洋密不可分。

I call the project "Washed Up: Transforming a Trashed Landscape,"

我命名这个项目为 《冲刷上岸：转变垃圾景观》，

but it's actually transformed me

而事实上它改变了我，

and made me rethink my own behaviors and consumption.

并让我重新思考自己的行为和消费。

And if it can help anybody else gain more awareness,

如果它也能帮助他人提高环保意识，

then it will have been worthwhile.

那就值得了。

Thank you so much.

非常感谢。

(Applause)

（掌声）