4 steps to ending extreme poverty | Shameran Abed

Translator: Shokhnur Akhmedov Reviewer: Nazarbek Nazarov

We are witness to monumental human progress.

Biz insoniyatning ulkan taraqqiyotiga guvoh o'lmoqdamiz.

Over the past few decades, the expansion of the global marketplace

O'tgan o'n yillar davomida, jahon bozorining kengayishi

has lifted a third of the world's population out of extreme poverty.

dunyo aholisining uchdan bir qismini qashshoqlikdan olib chiqdi.

Yet we are also witness to an astounding failure.

Lekin biz ulkan muvaffaqiyatsizlikka ham guvoh bo'lmoqdamiz.

Our efforts to lift people up

Bu sa'y-harakatlarimiz

have left behind those in the harshest forms of poverty,

shundoq ham qashshoq odamlarni

the ultra-poor.

o'ta qashshoq qilib qo'ydi.

What it means to be ultra-poor goes beyond the monetary definition

O'ta qashshoq bo'lish bizga ma'lum bo'lgan pul miqdoridan ham

that we're all familiar with:

chetga chiqadi:

living on less than two dollars a day.

kuniga 2 dollardan kam pulga yashash.

It goes even beyond not having assets

U hatto yer va chorva mollarining

like livestock or land.

yo'qligidan ham oshib tushadi.

To be ultra-poor means to be stripped of your dignity,

O'ta qashshoq bo'lish o'z qadr-qimmatidan, maqsadidan va o'zidan

purpose and self-worth.

mahrum bo'lishdir.

It means living in isolation,

Bu yakka holda yashashni anglatadi.

because you're a burden to your own community.

Chunki siz jamoatchilik uchun bosh og'rig'isiz.

It means being unable to imagine a better future

Bu oilangiz va o'zingiz uchun farovon kelajakni

for yourself and your family.

tasavvur qila olmaslikni anglatadi.

By the end of 2019,

2019-yil oxirigaacha,

about 400 million people were living in ultra-poverty worldwide.

taxminan 400 million odam o'ta qashshoqlik darajasida istiqomat qilgan.

That's more than the populations of the United States and Canada combined.

Bu Kanada va AQSH ning birgalikdagi aholisidan ham ko'p degani.

And when calamity strikes,

Falokat yuz berganda esa,

whether it's a pandemic, a natural disaster or a manmade crisis,

bu pandemiya bo'ladimi, tabiiy ofat, yoki inson yuzaaga keltirgan inqiroz,

these numbers spike astronomically higher.

bu raqamlar favqulodda ko'tariladi.

My father, Fazle Abed, gave up a corporate career

Mening dadam, Fazle Abed o'z amalidan voz kechgan

to establish BRAC here in Bangladesh in 1972.

1972-yil, bu yerda, Bangladeshda BRAC ni tashkil qilish uchun.

Bangladesh was a wreck,

Bangladesh ostun-ustun edi,

having just gone through a devastating cyclone

endigina halokatli to'fondan qutulib chiqib,

followed by a brutal war for independence.

mustaqillik uchun urush iskanjasida edi.

Working with the poorest of the poor, my father realized

Eng qashshoq odamlar bilan ishlab, otam shuni angladiki,

that poverty was more than the lack of income and assets.

qashshoqlik faqatgina pul yoki boshqa moddiy narsalar yo'qchiligi emas,

It was also a lack of hope.

bu shuningdek, umidsizlik ham edi.

People were trapped in poverty,

Odamlar qashshoqlikka o'rganib qolgandi,

because they felt their condition was immutable.

chunki ularning holatlari o'zgarmas edi.

Poverty, to them, was like the sun and the moon --

Qashshoqlik ular uchun oy va quyosh kabidek edi,

something given to them by God.

Hudo tomonidan berilgan narsa kabi.

For poverty reduction programs to succeed,

Qashshoqlikni kamaytiradigan dasturlarning amali uchun,

they would need to instill hope and self-worth

ular insonlarga umid va qadrini ham singdirishi kerak.

so that, with a little support,

Shu tarzda, kichik ko'mak bilan

people could lift themselves out of poverty.

odamlar o'zlarini qashshoqlikdan olib chiqadi.

BRAC went on to pioneer the graduation approach,

BRAC bitiruv yondashuvini olbi kirdi,

a solution to ultra-poverty that addresses both income poverty

o'ta qashshoqlikka yechim sifatida, u kam daromadni ham,

and the poverty of hope.

umidsizlikni ham o'z ichiga olardi.

The approach works primarily with women,

Bu yondashun asosan ayollarga tog'ri keladi.

because women are the most affected by ultra-poverty

Chunki ular o'ta qashshoqlikdan eng ko'p aziyat chekkan.

but also the ones most likely to pull themselves and their families

Lekin ular o'zlarni va oilalarini undan olib chiqib

out of it.

keta olishadi ham.

Over a two-year period,

Ikki yil davomida,

we essentially do four things.

biz asosan to'rtta ish qildik.

One, we meet a woman's basic needs

Birinchisi, ayollarning eng asosiy ehtiyojlarini qondirdik,

by giving her food or cash,

mablag' va oziq-ovqat bergan holda,

ensuring the minimum to survive.

yashab qolishini ta'minladik.

Two, we move her towards a decent livelihood

Ikkinchisi, tirikchilik qilishi uchun

by giving her an asset, like livestock,

chorva kabi moddiy narsalar berdik

and training her to earn money from it.

va ularni bundan pul topishga o'rgatdik.

Three, we train her to save, budget

Uchinchisi, ularga pulni yig'ishni va yangi narsalarga

and invest her new wealth.

sarmoya kiritishni o'rgatdik.

And four, we help to integrate her socially,

To'rtinchisi, ularni jamiyatga aralashuviga yordam berdik,

first into groups of women like her

avval, o'zlari kabi bo'lgan ayollar guruhlariga,

and then into her community.

keyin esa jamoatchiligiga.

Each of these elements is key to the success of the others,

Bularning har bir bo'g'ini boshqalarning muvaffaqiyati uchun o'ta muhimdir.

but the real magic is the hope and sense of possibility

Lekin chin sehr - bu umid va imkoniyat hissining borligidadir,

the women develop through the close mentorship they receive.

ayollarning bu ko'rsatmalar bilan rvojlanishidadir.

Let me tell you about Jorina.

Sizga Jorina haqida o'zlab bersam.

Jorina was born in a remote village in northern Bangladesh.

Jorina shimoliy Bangladeshdagi uzoq qishloqda tug'ilgan.

She never went to school,

U hech qachon maktab ko'rmagan.

and at the age of 15, she was married off to an abusive husband.

U 15 yoshida xo'rlaydigan erga uzatilgan.

He eventually abandoned her,

U oxiri qizni tashlab ketgan,

leaving her with no income

uni hech qanday daromadsiz qoldirib.

and two children who were not in school and were severely malnourished.

Maktabga bormaydiga, 2 farzand ham qolgan, och qolgan holda.

With no one to turn to for help,

Hech kim yordam bermagach,

she had no hope.

uning umidi uzilgan edi.

Jorina joined BRAC's Graduation program in 2005.

Jorina BRAC Bitiruv dasturiga 2005-yili qo'shilgan.

She received a dollar a week,

U haftasiga bir dollar olgan,

two cows,

va ikkita sigir,

enterprise training

tadbirkorlik kursiga o'qigan

and a weekly visit from a mentor.

va haftasiga mentor tashrif buyurgan.

She began to build her assets,

U moddiy daromad topishni boshlagan.

but most importantly,

Lekin, eng muhimi,

she began to imagine a better future for herself and her children.

u o'zi va bolalari uchun farovon kelajakni tasavvur qila boshlagan.

If you were visit Jorina's village today,

Agar bugun Jorinani qishlog'iga yo'lingiz tushsa,

you would find that she runs the largest general store in her area.

u hududdagi eng katta do'konga egalik qilishiga guvoh bo'lasiz.

She will proudly show you the land she bought

U o'zi sotib olgan yerni va qurgan uyini

and the house she built.

faxr bilan ko'rsatadi.

Since we began this program in 2002,

Bu dasturni 2002-yilda boshlaganimizdan beri,

two million Bangladeshi women

ikki million Bangladesh ayol-qizlari

have lifted themselves and their families out of ultra-poverty.

o'zlarini va oilalarini o'ta qashshoqlikdan olib chiqishdi.

That's almost nine million people.

Bu deyarli 9 million kishi degani.

The program, which costs 500 dollars per household,

Har bir xo'jalik uchun 500 dollarga teng bo'lgan bu dastur,

runs for only two years,

ikki yilgina amalda bo'ldi.

but the impact goes well beyond that.

Ammo, ta'siri undan uzoqqa cho'ziladi.

Researchers at the London School of Economics found

London Iqtisodiyot Maktabidagi tadqiqotchilar shuni aniqlashdiki,

that even seven years after entering the program,

dasturga kirganidan yetti yil o'tib ham,

92 percent of participants had maintained or increased

92 foiz qatnashchilar o'zlarini eplab yurishgan yoki daromadini,

their income, assets and consumption.

moddiy boyligini, va iste'mol savatini oshirishgan.

Esther Duflo and Abhijit Banerjee,

Esther Duflo va Abhijit Banerji,

the MIT economists who won the Nobel Prize last year,

o'tgan yili Nobel sovrinini yutgan, MIT iqtisodchilari,

led multicountry evaluations

mamlakatlararo baholashni olib borishdi:

that identified graduation as one of the most effective ways

Unda bitiruv yondashuvi, qashshoqlikni yengishdagi eng samarali

to break the poverty trap.

yo'llardan biri deb topildi.

But my father wasn't content

Lekin otam ba'zi odamlarga foydasi tekkan

to have found a solution that worked for some people.

yechimni topgandan ko'ngli to'lmadi.

He always wanted to know whether we were being ambitious enough

U har doim ulkan maqsadlar qo'yayapmizmi deya boshi qotardi,

in terms of scale.

gap miqyos haqida ketganda.

So when we achieved nationwide scale in Bangladesh,

Biz butun Bangladesh miqosida, muvaffaqiyatga erishganimizda,

he wanted to know how we could scale it globally.

u jahon miqyosida qanday kengayishni bilishni xohlardi.

And that has to involve governments.

Bu esa hukumatlarni o'z ichiga oladi.

Governments already dedicate billions of dollars

Hukumatlar allaqachon milliardlab dollarlarni

on poverty reduction programs.

qashshoqlikni kamaytirish dasturlariga sarflashadi.

But so much of that money is wasted,

Lekin u pullarning ko'pchiligi bekor ketadi.

because these programs either don't reach the poorest,

Chunki, bu dasturlar, yo eng kambag'allargacha yetib bormaydi,

and even the ones that do fail to have significant long-term impact.

yo yetib borsa ham, aytarli ta'sir o'takaza olmaydi.

We are working to engage governments

Biz hukumatlarni ham ishga solish yo'lida ishlayapmiz,

to help them to adopt and scale graduation programs themselves,

bu kabi yondashuvlarga moslashishiga va kengayishiga yordam berib.

maximizing the impact of the billions of dollars

allaqachon o'ta qashshoqlik uchun ajratilib bo'ligan,

they already allocate to fight ultra-poverty.

milliard dollarlarning ta'sirini iloji boricha oshirgan holda.

Our plan is to help another 21 million people

Rejamiz yana 21 million odamga o'ta qashshoqlikdan chiqishiga

lift themselves out of ultra-poverty

yordam berishdir

in eight countries over the next six years

keyingi olti yil ichida, 8 mamlakatda

with BRAC teams on-site and embedded in each country.

har biriga BRAC jamaosini biriktirgan holda.

In July of 2019, my father was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer

2019-yil iyulida, otamga so'nggi bosqichli miya saratoni tashxisi qo'yildi

and given four months to live.

va yashashga 4 oyi qolganligi aytildi.

As he transitioned out of BRAC after leading the organization for 47 years,

U kishi 47 yil davomida BRAC ni boshqarar ekan,

he reminded us that throughout his life,

butun hayoti mobaynida bizga eslatardi,

he saw optimism triumph over despair,

optimizmning umidsizlik ustidan g'alabasini.

that when you light the spark of self-belief in people,

Odamlarda o'ziga ishonch uchqunlari yonganda,

even the poorest can transform their lives.

hatto eng qashshoqlar ham hayotlarini o'zgartira olishadi.

My father passed away in December.

Otam dekabrda olamdan o'tdi.

He lit that spark for millions of people,

U millionlab odamlarda o'sha uchqunni yoqdi

and in the final days of his life,

va so'nggi kunlarida,

he implored us to continue to do so for millions more.

u bizdan millionlab odamlar uchun ishni davom ettirishni o'tinib so'radi.

This opportunity is ours for the taking,

Bu imkoniyatdan foydalanib qolishimiz kerak.

so let's stop imagining a world without ultra-poverty

Keling, dunyoni qashshoqlikdan xoli tasavvur qilishni to'xttaylik

and start building that world together.

va o'sha dunyoni birga quraylik.

Thank you.

Rahmat.