What if we eliminated one of the world's oldest diseases? | Caroline Harper

81,873 views ・ 2018-07-18

TED


Tafadhali bofya mara mbili manukuu ya Kiingereza hapa chini ili kucheza video.

Translator: Nelson Simfukwe Reviewer: Joachim Mangilima
00:13
I'd like you to imagine, just for a moment,
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Ningependa utafakari, kwa muda mfupi,
00:16
that your eyelashes grew inwards instead of outwards,
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Kuwa kope zako zinakua kuingia ndani badala ya nje,
00:21
so that every time you blinked,
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Kwa hiyo kila wakati ukipepesa macho,
00:24
they would scrape the front of your eyeballs,
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Zinakwaruza mtoto wa jicho
00:27
damaging the corneas,
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zikiharibu chamba cha jicho
00:28
so that slowly and painfully, you went blind.
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Kwa hiyo taratibu na kwa maumivu makali unakuwa kipofu.
00:33
Well, that's what happens to a person who has trachoma.
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Hivyo ndivyo inavyotokea kwa mtu mwenye ugonjwa wa trakoma
00:37
Now, this little boy here, Pamelo, from Zambia, he has trachoma.
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Huyu mvulana hapa, Pamelo kutoka Zambia ana trakoma
00:42
And if we don't do anything, he's going to go blind.
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Kama hatutafanya chochote, atakuwa kipofu
00:46
Trachoma is a curious disease.
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Trakoma ni ugonjwa unaotibika
00:48
It's a bacterial infection that's passed from person to person
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Ni maambukizi ya bakteria yanayotoka kwa mtu mmoja kwenda kwa mwingine
00:53
and by flies.
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yanayosambazwa na nzi.
00:55
The repeated infection will scar your eyelids
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Maambukizi ya mara kwa mara yanasababisha makovu katika kope zako
00:58
so that they contract and they turn inside out.
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inasababisha kusinyaa na kope kugeuka ndani nje.
01:03
It particularly affects women,
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Huathiri sana wanawake.
01:05
because they have the contact with children.
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kwa sababu wanagusana na watoto.
01:08
So what you'll often see in places like Ethiopia
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Kwa hiyo utachokiona katika sehemu kama Ethiopia
01:12
are girls who have tweezers like this around their necks,
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ni wasichana walio na koleo kama hii katika shingo zao,
01:16
and they use them to pluck out their eyelashes.
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na wanazitumia kuchomoa kope zao.
01:20
But of course, that only gives them temporary respite,
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Lakini hata hivyo, inawapa nafuu ya muda mfupi tu,
01:23
because they just grow back more vicious than before.
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kwa sababu zinakuwa tena kwa kasi ya haraka sana kuliko mwanzo.
01:27
There are around two million people in the world
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Kuna watu takribani milioni mbili duniani
01:31
who are blind or visually impaired because of trachoma.
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ambao ni wapofu au wana uono hafifu kwa sababu ya trakoma.
01:35
And we believe there may be as many as 200 million people
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Na tunaamini wanaweza kuwepo wengi zaidi hadi watu milioni 200
01:39
who are at risk.
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ambao wapo katika hatari.
01:41
Now, it's a very old disease.
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Sasa, ni ugonjwa mkongwe sana.
01:44
What you can see is a photo of a wall of a tomb in Northern Sudan.
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Unachoona ni picha ya ukuta wa kaburi huko Sudani Kaskazini.
01:49
A colleague and I were traveling in a very remote village,
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Mimi na rafiki tulikuwa tukisafiri vijiji vya mbali,
01:52
and we asked an old man to take us down into a little tomb.
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na tukamuomba mzee mmoja kutupeleka kwenye kaburi dogo.
01:56
Now, on the wall, we saw two eyes.
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Sasa, kwenye ukuta, tuliona macho mawili.
01:59
One is crying,
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Moja likitoa machozi,
02:01
and you can see there are tweezers next to it.
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na unaweza kuona kuna koleo pembeni yake.
02:04
Simon said to me, "My God, do you think that's trachoma?"
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Simon aliniambia, "Mungu wangu, unadhani hiyo ni trakoma?"
02:08
So we sent this picture to the British Museum,
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Kwa hiyo tuliituma hii picha kwenye makumbusho ya Uingereza,
02:11
and they confirmed that, yes, this is trachoma.
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na walithibitisha kwamba, ndiyo, hii ni trakoma.
02:14
So, thousands of years ago,
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Hivyo, maelfu ya miaka iliyopita,
02:17
the ancient Nubians were painting pictures of trachoma
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wana wa kale wa Kinubia walikuwa wakichora picha za trakoma
02:21
on the walls of their tomb.
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kwenye kuta za makaburi yao.
02:22
And the tragedy is
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Na cha kuhuzunisha ni
02:24
that disease is still rampant in that area today.
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kwamba ugonjwa huu bado unaathiri eneo hilo mpaka leo.
02:28
And the crazy thing is, we know how to stop it.
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Na jambo linaloudhi ni, tunajua namna ya kuzuia ugonjwa.
02:33
And what's great is that the trachoma community have all come together
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Na jambo zuri ni kwamba jamii zote zenye tatizo la trakoma zimeungana pamoja
02:38
to pool their efforts.
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kushirikisha juhudi zao.
02:40
We don't compete; we collaborate.
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Hatushindani; tunashirikiana.
02:43
I have to tell you, that's not always the case
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Nataka nikwambie, sio suala muda wote
02:45
in my experience in the NGO world.
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katika uzoefu wangu wa dunia ya taasisi zisizo za kiserikali.
02:50
We've created something
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Tumeunda taasisi
02:51
called the International Coalition for Trachoma Control.
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inaitwa International Coalition for Trachoma Control.(Muungano wa Kimataifa wa Kuzuia Trakoma)
02:56
And together, we've developed a strategy to fight it.
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Na pamoja, tumeweka mkakati wa kupambana na trakoma.
03:00
This strategy is called the SAFE strategy,
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Huuna mkakati unaitwa mkakati wa SAFE,
03:03
and it's been approved by the World Health Organization.
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na umethibitishwa na Shirika la Afya Duniani.
03:07
The "S" stands for "surgery."
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"S" inamaanisha "surgery"(upasuaji)
03:10
It's very straightforward procedure
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Ni utaratibu rahisi wa mara moja
03:12
to turn the eyelids back the right way.
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kurekebisha kope katika hali yake ya kawaida.
03:15
We train nurses to do it,
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Tunawafundisha manesi kufanya huu upasuaji,
03:17
and they use local anesthetics.
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na wanatumia ganzi za kawaida.
03:19
And as you can see, you can do it in somebody's front porch, if need be.
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Na kama unavyoweza kuona, unaweza ukaufanyia kwenye kibaraza cha mwenye nyumba, kama inahitajika.
03:24
Then "A" stands for "antibiotics."
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Kisha "A" inamaanisha "antibiotics"(dawa viuavijasumu).
03:27
These are donated by Pfizer,
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Hizi zinatolewa kama msaada na Pfizer,
03:30
who also pay for those drugs to be transported to the port in-country.
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ambae analipia kwa ajili ya kusafirisha hizo dawa kwenye bandari ya nchi husika.
03:35
From there, they're taken to the villages,
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Kutokea pale, zinapelekwa vijijini,
03:39
where hundreds of thousands of community volunteers
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ambapo mamia ya maelfu ya wanajamii wanaojitolea
03:43
will distribute those drugs to the people.
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husambaza dawa hizo kwa watu.
03:47
Now, we train those volunteers,
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Sasa, huwa tunawafundisha wanaojitolea,
03:50
and we also help the ministries with all that complex logistics.
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na pia tunasaidia wizara katika namna nzima ya kuendesha zoezi.
03:54
And every one of those volunteers has a pole like this.
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Na kila mtu anaejitolea ana mlingoti kama huu.
04:00
It's called a "dose pole."
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Unaitwa "mlingoti wa tiba."
04:02
This one's from Cameroon.
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Huu umetokea Cameroon.
04:04
And you can see it's marked different colors,
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Na unaweza kuona umewekewa alama zenye rangi mbalimbali,
04:07
and you can tell how many pills you should give somebody,
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na unaweza jua ni vidonge vingapi unaweza mpatia mgonjwa.
04:10
based on how tall they are.
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kulingana na kimo chao.
04:14
"F" stands for "face washing."
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"F" inamaanisha "face washing"(kuosha uso).
04:17
Now, we used to have trachoma in the UK and in the US.
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Sasa, tuliwahi kuwa na trakoma katika nchi za Marekani na Uingereza.
04:21
In fact, President Carter,
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Katika uhalisia, Rais Carter,
04:23
he talks about how trachoma was a real problem in Georgia
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anaongelea namna gani trakoma ilikuwa ni tatizo kubwa maeneo ya Georgia
04:27
when he was a little boy.
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alipokuwa mdogo.
04:29
And in the UK, the famous eye hospital, Moorfields,
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Na Uingereza, hospitali maarufu ya macho, Moorfields,
04:33
was originally a trachoma hospital.
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hapo mwanzo ilikuwa ni hospitali ya trakoma.
04:36
What we do is teach kids like this how important it is to wash their faces.
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Tunachofanya ni kufundisha watoto kwamba ni muhimu kuosha nyuso zao.
04:42
And finally, "E" stands for "environment,"
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Na mwisho, "E" inamaanisha "environment"(mazingira),
04:46
where we help the communities build latrines,
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ambapo tunasaidia jamii kujenga vyoo,
04:48
and we teach them to separate their animals from their living quarters
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na tunawafundisha kuwatenganisha wanyama wao mbali na nyumba wanapoishi
04:52
in order to reduce the fly population.
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kwa ajili ya kupunguza mazalia ya nzi.
04:56
So we know how to tackle the disease.
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Kwa hiyo tunafahamu namna ya kuushinda ugonjwa.
04:59
But we need to know where it is.
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Lakini tunahitaji kujua upo wapi.
05:01
And we do,
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Na tunafahamu,
05:03
because a few years ago, Sightsavers led an incredible program
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Kwa sababu miaka michache iliyopita, taasisi ya Sightsavers waliongoza zoezi bora sana
05:07
called the Global Trachoma Mapping Project.
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liitwalo the Global Trachoma Mapping Project(Ramani ya Dunia ya Trakoma).
05:11
It took us three years,
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Ilituchukua miaka mitatu,
05:13
but we went through 29 countries,
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na tulitembea katika nchi 29,
05:16
and we taught local health workers to go district by district,
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na tuliwafundisha watumishi wa afya kutembelea wilaya baada ya wilaya,
05:21
and they examined the eyelids of over two and a half million people.
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na walichunguza kope za watu zaidi ya milioni mbili na nusu,
05:27
And they used Android phones in order to download the data.
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na walitumia simu za Android kwa ajili ya kupakua taarifa.
05:31
And from that, we were able to build a map
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Na kuanzia hapo, tuliweza kutengeneza ramani
05:34
that showed us where the disease was.
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inayoonyesha wapi ugonjwa ulipo.
05:37
Now, this is a very high-level map
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Sasa, hii ni ramani ya ngazi ya juu
05:39
that shows you which countries had a problem with trachoma.
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ambayo inaonyesha nchi gani zina tatizo la trakoma.
05:43
And you may ask me, "Well, does this strategy actually work?"
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Na unaweza kuniuliza, "Sasa, mkakati huu unafanya kazi kweli?"
05:47
Yes, it does.
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Ndiyo, unafanya kazi.
05:49
This map shows you the progress that we've made to date.
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Hii ramani inaonyesha hatua tulizopiga mpaka sasa.
05:52
The green countries believe they've already eliminated trachoma,
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Nchi za kijani zinaamini kwamba zimeshaondoa trakoma,
05:56
and they have either been through or are in the process of
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na washapata au wapo katika hatua za
05:59
having that validated by the WHO.
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kupata uthibitisho wa kutokomeza ugonjwa toka kwa WHO.
06:02
Countries in yellow have the money they need,
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Nchi za njano wana fedha wanazohitaji,
06:05
they have the resources to eliminate trachoma.
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wana rasilimali kwa ajili ya kuondoa trakoma.
06:08
And some of them are really nearly there.
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Na baadhi ya wanakaribia
06:11
But the red countries, they don't have enough funding.
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Lakini nchi nyekundu, hawana fedha za kutosha.
06:14
They cannot eliminate trachoma unless they get more.
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Hawawezi kuondoa trakoma kama wasipopata fedha zaidi.
06:18
And we're quite concerned, though, that the progress to date may stall.
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Na tunaona kwamba unatuhusu, ingawa, muendelezo umekwama mpaka sasa.
06:23
So when we were talking to the Audacious ideas guys,
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Kwa hiyo tulivyokuwa tukiongelea kuhusu mradi wa Audacious,
06:28
we asked ourselves:
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tulijiuliza maswali:
06:30
If we really, really pushed ourselves over the next four or five years
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Kama kweli, tukiweza kujisukuma ndani ya miaka minne au mitano ijayo
06:34
and we had the money,
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na tukawa na fedha,
06:36
what do we think we could achieve?
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tunadhani tunaweza fanikisha mambo gani?
06:39
Well, we believe that we can eliminate trachoma
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Hata hivyo, tunaamini kwamba tunaweza kuondoa trakoma
06:44
in 12 African countries
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katika nchi 12 za Kiafrika
06:47
and across the Americas
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na katika nchi za America
06:50
and all across the Pacific.
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na kote katika Pacific.
06:53
And we can make significant progress
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Na tunaweza fanya mabadiliko makubwa
06:56
in two countries which have the highest burden of the disease,
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katika nchi mbili ambazo zina mzigo wa magonjwa,
07:00
which is Ethiopia and Nigeria.
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ambazo ni Ethiopia na Nigeria.
07:03
And in doing all of that,
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Katika kufanya hayo yote,
07:05
we can leverage more than two billion dollars' worth of donated drugs.
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tunaweza kupata zaidi ya dawa zenye thamani ya kiasi cha dola za Kimarekani bilioni mbili(shilingi za Kitanzania takribani trilioni nne)
07:11
(Applause)
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(Makofi)
07:17
Now, this map here shows you the impact that we'll have --
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Sasa, hii ramani inakuonyesha mafanikio tutayopata --
07:20
look how many countries are going green.
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angalia nchi ngapi zinazoelekea kuwa kijani.
07:22
And there, you can see progress in Ethiopia and Nigeria.
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Na hapo, utaweza kuona maendeleo katika nchi za Ethiopia na Nigeria.
07:25
Now, yes, there are some countries that are still red.
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Sasa, bado kuna nchi ambazo ni nyekundu.
07:28
These are mainly countries which are in conflict --
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Hizi ni nchi ambazo zipo katika migogoro --
07:31
places like Yemen, South Sudan -- where it's very difficult to work.
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sehemu kama Yemen, Sudani Kusini -- ambapo ni ngumu kufanya kazi.
07:35
So, we have the team, the strategy and the map.
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Kwa hiyo, tuna timu, mkakati na ramani.
07:40
And we also have the relationships with the governments
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Na pia tuna mahusiano na serikali
07:44
so that we can make sure that our program is coordinated
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kwa hiyo tunaweza kuhakikisha kwamba zoezi linaunganishwa
07:48
with other disease-control programs,
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na mazoezi mengine yanayohusiana na kupambana na magonjwa,
07:50
so that we can be efficient.
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ili kuongeza ufanisi zaidi.
07:53
Wouldn't it be amazing if we could do this?
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Haitakuwa nzuri kama tutaweza kufanya hivi?
07:57
We'd have trachoma on the run.
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Tuna ugonjwa wa trakoma bado.
07:59
We would be on the home straight
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Tungeweza kuwepo nyumbani
08:02
to eliminate this disease from the whole world.
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na kuweza kuondoa ugonjwa huu duniani kote.
08:06
But before I finish, I just want to share with you
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Lakini kabla sijamaliza, nataka kuwashirikisha
08:09
some words from the founder of Sightsavers,
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maneno baadhi kutoka kwa muanzilishi wa taasisi ya Sightsavers
08:12
a guy called Sir John Wilson.
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bwana mmoja anayeitwa Sir John Wilson
08:14
Now, he was blinded at the age of 12.
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Sasa, alipata upofu akiwa na miaka 12.
08:16
And he said,
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Na alisema,
08:18
"People don't go blind by the million.
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"Watu hawapati upofu wakiwa mamilioni.
08:21
They go blind one by one."
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Wanapata upofu mmoja kwa mmoja."
08:24
And in the excitement of being able to say
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Na shauku ya kuweza kusema kwamba
08:27
we've got rid of trachoma for the whole country,
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tumeweza kuondokana na trakoma kwa nchi nzima,
08:30
let's not forget that, actually, this is a devastating disease
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tusisahau ya kwamba, kwa uhalisia, hii ugonjwa mbaya sana
08:35
that destroys the lives of individual people.
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ambao unaharibu maisha ya watu wengi.
08:39
People like Twiba.
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Watu kama Twiba.
08:40
Now, I met Twiba last year in Tanzania.
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Sasa, nilikutana na Twiba mwaka jana nchini Tanzania.
08:43
She had had trachoma for as long as she could remember.
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Alikuwa na trakoma katika muda wote anaoweza kukumbuka.
08:46
And a couple of months before I met her, she'd had the operation.
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Na miaka kadhaa kabla sijaonana nae, alifanyiwa upasuaji.
08:50
It's no exaggeration to say
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Sio kitu cha kukuza kusema
08:53
that this had totally transformed her life.
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kwamba upasuaji huu umebadili maisha yake moja kwa moja.
08:57
We'd saved the sight that she had left, and she was free of pain.
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Tumeokoa uono, na ameondokana na maumivu,
09:01
She could sleep.
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Anaweza kulala.
09:03
She could work, she could socialize.
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Anaweza kufanya kazi, na pia kujumuika na wenzake.
09:05
And she said to me,
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Na aliniambia,
09:08
"I have my life back."
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"Nimerudishiwa maisha yangu tena."
09:10
And it was impossible not to be moved by her story.
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Na ni vigumu kutohamasika kutokana na hadithi ya maisha yake.
09:14
But there are so many Twibas.
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Lakini wengi waliopo kama Twiba.
09:16
I want to find all the Twibas,
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Nataka niwatafute watu wote kama Twiba,
09:19
and I don't want anyone to go blind in agony anymore.
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na sitaki mtu yoyote awe mpofu na mwenye maumivu tena.
09:23
Now, you know, there are so many intractable problems in this world.
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Sasa, unajua, kuna matatizo mengi sana duniani ambayo ni magumu kutatua.
09:29
But this is not one of them.
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Lakini hili siyo mojawapo.
09:31
This is something that we can solve.
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Hili ni tatizo ambalo tunaweza kulitatua.
09:34
And we can ensure
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Na tunaweza hakikisha
09:36
that kids like this can grow up free from the fear of trachoma.
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kwamba watoto kama hawa wanakua katika mazingira yasiyo na trakoma.
09:42
So, for the sake of kids like this,
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Kwa hivyo, kwa ajili ya watoto kama hawa,
09:45
and for the sake of people like Twiba,
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na kwa ajili ya watu kama Twiba,
09:48
let's get rid of trachoma.
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tuondokane na trakoma.
09:52
Do you think we can?
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Unadhani tunaweza?
09:55
Well, yeah, if we really, really want to.
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Ndiyo, kama kweli tunataka.
09:58
Yes, we can.
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Ndiyo tunaweza.
10:00
So thank you.
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Asante!
10:01
(Applause)
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(Makofi)
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