What if we eliminated one of the world's oldest diseases? | Caroline Harper

Prevodilac: Aleksandar Bošnjak Lektor: Ivana Korom

I'd like you to imagine, just for a moment,

Volela bih da zamislite samo na trenutak,

that your eyelashes grew inwards instead of outwards,

da vaše trepavice rastu ka unutra, umesto ka spolja,

so that every time you blinked,

tako da svaki put kad biste trepnuli

they would scrape the front of your eyeballs,

one bi vam grebale površinu očne jabučice,

damaging the corneas,

šteteći rožnjače,

so that slowly and painfully, you went blind.

tako da polako i bolno ostajete slepi.

Well, that's what happens to a person who has trachoma.

E pa, to se dešava osobi koja ima trahom.

Now, this little boy here, Pamelo, from Zambia, he has trachoma.

A sada, ovaj dečačić ovde, Pamelo, iz Zambije, on ima trahom.

And if we don't do anything, he's going to go blind.

I ako ne uradimo ništa, oslepeće.

Trachoma is a curious disease.

Trahom je neobična bolest.

It's a bacterial infection that's passed from person to person

To je bakterijska infekcija koja se prenosi sa osobe na osobu

and by flies.

i preko muva.

The repeated infection will scar your eyelids

Ponovljena infekcija će oštetiti vaše očne kapke

so that they contract and they turn inside out.

tako da se zgrče pa okrenu naopačke.

It particularly affects women,

Posebno pogađa žene,

because they have the contact with children.

jer imaju kontakt sa decom.

So what you'll often see in places like Ethiopia

Ono što ćete često viđati na mestima kao što je Etiopija

are girls who have tweezers like this around their necks,

su devojke koje imaju pincete kao što je ova oko vratova,

and they use them to pluck out their eyelashes.

i koriste ih da isčupaju svoje trepavice

But of course, that only gives them temporary respite,

Ali naravno, to im daje samo kratak predah,

because they just grow back more vicious than before.

jer prosto ponovo porastu nepravilnije nego ranije.

There are around two million people in the world

Ima oko dva miliona ljudi na svetu

who are blind or visually impaired because of trachoma.

koji su slepi ili sa oštećenim vidom zbog trahoma.

And we believe there may be as many as 200 million people

Mi verujemo da može biti do 200 miliona ljudi

who are at risk.

izloženo riziku.

Now, it's a very old disease.

To je veoma stara bolest.

What you can see is a photo of a wall of a tomb in Northern Sudan.

Ono što možete videti je slika zida grobnice u severnom Sudanu.

A colleague and I were traveling in a very remote village,

Kolega i ja smo putovali u veoma udaljeno selo,

and we asked an old man to take us down into a little tomb.

i pitali smo starijeg čoveka da nas odvede u malu grobnicu.

Now, on the wall, we saw two eyes.

Dakle, na zidu, videli smo dva oka.

One is crying,

Jedno plače,

and you can see there are tweezers next to it.

i možete videti tamo pincetu pored njega.

Simon said to me, "My God, do you think that's trachoma?"

Sajmon mi je rekao: "O moj bože, misliš li da je to trahom?"

So we sent this picture to the British Museum,

Pa smo poslali ovu sliku britanskom muzeju,

and they confirmed that, yes, this is trachoma.

i potvrdili su, da, ovo jeste trahom.

So, thousands of years ago,

Prema tome, pre mnogo hiljada godina

the ancient Nubians were painting pictures of trachoma

drevni Nubijci su slikali trahome

on the walls of their tomb.

na zidovima njihovih grobnica.

And the tragedy is

A tragedija je

that disease is still rampant in that area today.

da je bolest i dalje raširena u tom području danas.

And the crazy thing is, we know how to stop it.

A luda stvar je što znamo kako da je zaustavimo.

And what's great is that the trachoma community have all come together

Ono što je divno je da su se udruženja za trahom sastala

to pool their efforts.

da udruže svoje napore.

We don't compete; we collaborate.

Mi se ne takmičimo; mi sarađujemo.

I have to tell you, that's not always the case

Moram da vam kažem, to nije uvek slučaj

in my experience in the NGO world.

u NVO svetu po mom iskustvu.

We've created something

Stvorili smo nešto

called the International Coalition for Trachoma Control.

što se zove Internacionalna koalicija za kontrolu trahoma.

And together, we've developed a strategy to fight it.

A zajedno, razvili smo strategiju za borbu protiv njega.

This strategy is called the SAFE strategy,

Ova strategija se zove HAPO strategija,

and it's been approved by the World Health Organization.

i odobrila ju je svetska zdravstvena organizacija.

The "S" stands for "surgery."

"H" označava hirurgiju.

It's very straightforward procedure

To je jednostavna procedura

to turn the eyelids back the right way.

da na pravi način vratite očni kapak nazad.

We train nurses to do it,

Treniramo medicinske sestre da to rade,

and they use local anesthetics.

a one koriste lokalnu anesteziju.

And as you can see, you can do it in somebody's front porch, if need be.

I kao što možete videti, to možete da uradite na nečijoj verandi, ako zatreba.

Then "A" stands for "antibiotics."

Zatim "A" označava antibiotike.

These are donated by Pfizer,

Ove je donirala kompanija Pfizer,

who also pay for those drugs to be transported to the port in-country.

koja takođe plaća da se ti lekovi transportuju do luke u toj zemlji.

From there, they're taken to the villages,

Odatle, nose se do sela,

where hundreds of thousands of community volunteers

gde će stotine hiljada volontera iz zajednica

will distribute those drugs to the people.

raspodeliti te lekove ljudima.

Now, we train those volunteers,

Sada, treniramo te volontere

and we also help the ministries with all that complex logistics.

i takođe pomažemo ministarstvima sa svom tom kompleksnom logistikom.

And every one of those volunteers has a pole like this.

I svaki od tih volontera ima motku kao ovu.

It's called a "dose pole."

Zove se "motka za doziranje".

This one's from Cameroon.

Ova je iz Kameruna.

And you can see it's marked different colors,

Možete videti da je obeležena različitim bojama,

and you can tell how many pills you should give somebody,

da možete reći koliko pilula trebate da date nekome,

based on how tall they are.

na osnovu toga koliko su oni visoki.

"F" stands for "face washing."

"P" označava pranje lica.

Now, we used to have trachoma in the UK and in the US.

Imali smo nekada trahom u UK i u SAD.

In fact, President Carter,

U stvari, predsednik Karter,

he talks about how trachoma was a real problem in Georgia

on priča o tome kako je trahom bio veliki problem u Džordžiji

when he was a little boy.

kad je on bio mali.

And in the UK, the famous eye hospital, Moorfields,

A u UK, poznata očna bolnica, Murfilds,

was originally a trachoma hospital.

je originalno bila bolnica za trahom.

What we do is teach kids like this how important it is to wash their faces.

Mi učimo decu kao što su ova koliko je važno prati svoje lice.

And finally, "E" stands for "environment,"

I najzad, "O" označava okruženje,

where we help the communities build latrines,

u kom pomažemo zajednicama da sagrade klozete,

and we teach them to separate their animals from their living quarters

i učimo ih da odvajaju životinje od dela u kom žive

in order to reduce the fly population.

kako bi se smanjila populacija muva.

So we know how to tackle the disease.

Prema tome, znamo kako da se rešimo bolesti.

But we need to know where it is.

Ali moramo da znamo gde je.

And we do,

I znamo,

because a few years ago, Sightsavers led an incredible program

jer su pre nekoliko godina "Spasioci vida" vodili neverovatan program

called the Global Trachoma Mapping Project.

koji se zove globalni projekat za mapiranje trahoma.

It took us three years,

Bile su nam potrebne tri godine,

but we went through 29 countries,

i prošli smo kroz 29 zemalja,

and we taught local health workers to go district by district,

naučili smo lokalne zdravstvene radnike da idu od opštine do opštine,

and they examined the eyelids of over two and a half million people.

i pregledali su očne kapke preko 2,5 miliona ljudi.

And they used Android phones in order to download the data.

Koristili su pametne telefone kako bi skinuli podatke.

And from that, we were able to build a map

A iz toga, mi smo uspeli da napravimo mapu.

that showed us where the disease was.

koja nam je pokazala gde je bolest.

Now, this is a very high-level map

Sada, ovo je mapa na visokom nivou

that shows you which countries had a problem with trachoma.

koja vam pokazuje koje zemlje su imale problem sa trahomom.

And you may ask me, "Well, does this strategy actually work?"

Možete me pitati: "Pa, da li ova strategija zapravo deluje?"

Yes, it does.

Da, deluje.

This map shows you the progress that we've made to date.

Ova mapa vam pokazuje progres koji smo postigli do danas.

The green countries believe they've already eliminated trachoma,

Zelene zemlje smatraju da su već eliminisale trahom,

and they have either been through or are in the process of

i da su ili prošli ili su u procesu

having that validated by the WHO.

potvrđivanja toga od strane SZO.

Countries in yellow have the money they need,

Žute zemlje imaju novac koji im je potreban,

they have the resources to eliminate trachoma.

i imaju resurse da eliminišu trahom.

And some of them are really nearly there.

A neke od njih su veoma blizu toga.

But the red countries, they don't have enough funding.

Ali crvene zemlje, one nemaju dovoljno sredstava.

They cannot eliminate trachoma unless they get more.

Ne mogu eliminisati trahom ukoliko ne dobiju više.

And we're quite concerned, though, that the progress to date may stall.

A prilično smo zabrinuti, zaista, da dosadašnji napredak može da stagnira.

So when we were talking to the Audacious ideas guys,

Tako da kad smo pričali sa ljudima iz "Odvažnih ideja",

we asked ourselves:

zapitali smo se:

If we really, really pushed ourselves over the next four or five years

kad bismo se istinski potrudili u narednih četiri do pet godina

and we had the money,

i kad bismo imali para,

what do we think we could achieve?

šta mislimo da bismo mogli da dostignemo?

Well, we believe that we can eliminate trachoma

Pa, mislimo da možemo da eliminišemo trahom

in 12 African countries

u 12 afričkih zemalja

and across the Americas

i širom Amerika

and all across the Pacific.

i širom celog Pacifika.

And we can make significant progress

Možemo postići značajan napredak

in two countries which have the highest burden of the disease,

u dve zemlje koje imaju najveći teret ove bolesti,

which is Ethiopia and Nigeria.

a to su Etiopija i Nigerija.

And in doing all of that,

I uz sve to,

we can leverage more than two billion dollars' worth of donated drugs.

možemo da raspodelimo lekove u vrednosti od dve milijarde dolara.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)

Now, this map here shows you the impact that we'll have --

Sada, ova mapa ovde vam pokazuje uticaj koji ćemo imati -

look how many countries are going green.

pogledajte koliko zemalja postaje zeleno.

And there, you can see progress in Ethiopia and Nigeria.

I tamo, možete videti napredak u Etiopiji i Nigeriji.

Now, yes, there are some countries that are still red.

Sad, da, ima nekih zemalja koje su i dalje crvene.

These are mainly countries which are in conflict --

To su uglavnom zemlje koje su u konfliktu -

places like Yemen, South Sudan -- where it's very difficult to work.

mesta kao što su Jemen, Južni Sudan - gde je veoma teško raditi.

So, we have the team, the strategy and the map.

Dakle, imamo tim, strategiju i mapu.

And we also have the relationships with the governments

A takođe imamo veze sa vladama

so that we can make sure that our program is coordinated

tako da možemo da budemo sigurni da je naš program koordinisan

with other disease-control programs,

sa ostalim programima za kontrolu bolesti,

so that we can be efficient.

tako da možemo da budemo efikasni.

Wouldn't it be amazing if we could do this?

Ne bi li bilo zapanjujuće kad bismo mogli da uradimo ovo?

We'd have trachoma on the run.

Imali bismo trahom pred istrebljenjem.

We would be on the home straight

Bili bismo na pragu

to eliminate this disease from the whole world.

da eliminišemo ovu bolest iz celog sveta.

But before I finish, I just want to share with you

Ali pre nego što završim, želim samo da podelim sa vama

some words from the founder of Sightsavers,

neke reči od osnivača "Spasioca vida",

a guy called Sir John Wilson.

čoveka koji se zove gospodin Džon Vilson.

Now, he was blinded at the age of 12.

Oslepeo je kada je imao 12 godina.

And he said,

I rekao je:

"People don't go blind by the million.

"Ne oslepi milion ljudi odjednom.

They go blind one by one."

Oni oslepe jedan po jedan."

And in the excitement of being able to say

I od uzbuđenja što možemo reći

we've got rid of trachoma for the whole country,

da smo se otarasili trahoma za celu zemlju,

let's not forget that, actually, this is a devastating disease

ne zaboravimo da je ovo, zapravo, razorna bolest

that destroys the lives of individual people.

koja uništava živote individualnih ljudi.

People like Twiba.

Ljudi kao što je Tvajba.

Now, I met Twiba last year in Tanzania.

Upoznala sam Tvajbu prošle godine u Tanzaniji.

She had had trachoma for as long as she could remember.

Ona je imala trahom od kad zna za sebe.

And a couple of months before I met her, she'd had the operation.

A par meseci pre nego što sam je upoznala je imala operaciju.

It's no exaggeration to say

Nije preterano reći

that this had totally transformed her life.

da joj je ovo totalno promenilo život.

Sačuvali smo ono što joj je ostalo od vida i nije više osećala bol.

We'd saved the sight that she had left, and she was free of pain.

She could sleep.

Mogla je da spava.

She could work, she could socialize.

Mogla je da ode da radi, mogla je da se druži.

And she said to me,

I rekla mi je:

"I have my life back."

"Dobila sam svoj život nazad."

And it was impossible not to be moved by her story.

I bilo je nemoguće ne biti dirnut njenom pričom.

But there are so many Twibas.

Ali ima toliko puno Tvajba.

I want to find all the Twibas,

Želim da nađem sve Tvajbe,

and I don't want anyone to go blind in agony anymore.

i ne želim da bilo ko više oslepi u agoniji.

Now, you know, there are so many intractable problems in this world.

Sada, znate, ima toliko puno neukrotivih problema na svetu.

But this is not one of them.

Ali ovaj nije jedan od njih.

This is something that we can solve.

Ovo je nešto što možemo da rešimo.

And we can ensure

I možemo da osiguramo

that kids like this can grow up free from the fear of trachoma.

da deca kao ova mogu da odrastaju bez straha od trahoma.

So, for the sake of kids like this,

Prema tome, radi dece kao što su ova,

and for the sake of people like Twiba,

i radi ljudi kao što je Tvajba,

let's get rid of trachoma.

hajde da se otarasimo trahoma.

Do you think we can?

Mislite li da možemo?

Well, yeah, if we really, really want to.

E pa, da, ako stvarno želimo to.

Yes, we can.

Da, možemo.

So thank you.

Hvala vam.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)