James Stavridis: How NATO's Supreme Commander thinks about global security

Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast

Prevodilac: Milica Petrovic Lektor: Tatjana Jevdjic

I'm gonna talk a little bit about open-source security,

Govoriću malo o otvorenom pristupu bezbednosti,

because we've got to get better at security

jer moramo da budemo bolji u bezbednosti

in this 21st century.

u ovom 21. veku.

Let me start by saying, let's look back to the 20th century,

Počeću ovim rečima, pogledajmo 20. vek

and kind of get a sense of how that style of security

i to koliko je takav tip bezbednosti

worked for us.

bio dobar za nas.

This is Verdun, a battlefield in France

Ovo je Verdun, bojno polje u Francuskoj

just north of the NATO headquarters in Belgium.

severno od sedišta NATO-a u Belgiji.

At Verdun, in 1916, over a 300-day period,

Na Verdunu je 1916. godine u periodu od 300 dana,

700,000 people were killed,

ubijeno 700 000 ljudi,

so about 2,000 a day.

znači oko 2 000 dnevno.

If you roll it forward -- 20th-century security --

Ako premotate unapred - bezbednost 20. veka -

into the Second World War,

u Drugi svetski rat,

you see the Battle of Stalingrad,

vidite bitku kod Staljingrada,

300 days, 2 million people killed.

300 dana, 2 miliona ljudi ubijeno.

We go into the Cold War, and we continue

Sada idemo u Hladni rat i nastavljamo

to try and build walls.

da pokušavamo i gradimo zidove.

We go from the trench warfare of the First World War

Idemo od rovovskih borbi Prvog svetskog rata

to the Maginot Line of the Second World War,

do Mažino linije Drugog svetskog rata,

and then we go into the Cold War,

a zatim do Hladnog rata,

the Iron Curtain, the Berlin Wall.

Gvozdene zavese, Berlinskog zida.

Walls don't work.

Zidovi ne funkcionišu.

My thesis for us today is, instead of building walls

Moja teza za nas danas je, umesto građenja zidova

to create security, we need to build bridges.

radi stvaranja bezbednosti, moramo da gradimo mostove.

This is a famous bridge in Europe.

Ovo je poznati most u Evropi.

It's in Bosnia-Herzegovina.

Nalazi se u Bosni i Hercegovini.

It's the bridge over the Drina River,

To je most na Drini,

the subject of a novel by Ivo Andrić,

predmet romana Ive Andrića,

and it talks about how,

koji govori o tome kako

in that very troubled part of Europe and the Balkans,

je u tom problematičnom delu Evrope i Balkana,

over time there's been enormous building of walls.

svojevremeno bilo iznenađujuće mnogo sagrađenih zidova.

More recently, in the last decade, we begin to see

U skorije vreme, u poslednjoj deceniji, uviđamo da

these communities start, hesitatingly,

ove zajednice počinju, pomalo nesigurno,

to come together.

da se zbližavaju.

I would argue, again, open-source security

Rekao bih, ponovo, otvoreni pristup bezbednosti

is about connecting the international,

je u povezivanju međunarodnog,

the interagency, the private-public,

međuagencijskog, privatno-javnog

and lashing it together with strategic communication,

i njihovo prožimanje pomoću strateške komunikacije,

largely in social networks.

uglavnom na društvenim mrežama.

So let me talk a little bit about why we need to do that,

Zato ću govoriti malo o tome zašto je to neophodno,

because our global commons is under attack

jer su naše univerzalne vrednosti napadnute,

in a variety of ways,

na više načina

and none of the sources of threat to the global commons

i nijedan od izvora pretnji našim univerzalnim vrednostima

will be solved by building walls.

neće biti rešen podizanjem zidova.

Now, I'm a sailor, obviously.

Ja sam mornar, očigledno.

This is a ship, a liner, clipping through the Indian Ocean.

Ovo je brod, putnički brod, koji preseca Indijski okean.

What's wrong with this picture?

Šta nije u redu sa ovom slikom?

It's got concertina wire along the sides of it.

Ima bodljikavu žicu sa obe strane.

That's to prevent pirates from attacking it.

To treba da onemogući pirate da ga napadnu.

Piracy is a very active threat today

Piratstvo je veoma aktivna pretnja danas

around the world. This is in the Indian Ocean.

svuda u svetu. Ovo je Indijski okean.

Piracy is also very active in the Strait of Malacca.

Pirati su veoma aktivni u moreuzu Malaka.

It's active in the Gulf of Guinea.

Aktivni su u Gvinejskom zalivu.

We see it in the Caribbean.

Vidimo ih u Karipskom moru.

It's a $10-billion-a-year discontinuity

To je 10 milijardi godišnje prekida

in the global transport system.

u globalnom transportnom sistemu.

Last year, at this time, there were 20 vessels,

Prošle godine u ovo vreme, bilo je 20 plovila,

500 mariners held hostage.

500 mornara koji su držani kao taoci.

This is an attack on the global commons.

Ovo je napad na univerzalne vrednosti.

We need to think about how to address it.

Moramo da smislimo kako da to rešimo.

Let's shift to a different kind of sea,

Hajde da se prebacimo na drugačiju vrstu mora,

the cyber sea.

na sajber more.

Here are photographs of two young men.

Ovo su fotografije 2 mlada čoveka.

At the moment, they're incarcerated.

U ovom trenutku, oni su u zatvoru.

They conducted a credit card fraud that netted them

Izveli su prevaru sa kreditnim karticama koja ih je obogatila

over 10 billion dollars.

za više od 10 milijardi dolara.

This is part of cybercrime which is a $2-trillion-a-year

Ovo je deo sajber kriminala koji godišnje pravi 2 000 milijardi

discontinuity in the global economy.

prekida u svetskoj ekonomiji.

Two trillion a year.

2 000 milijardi godišnje.

That's just under the GDP of Great Britain.

To je malo manje od BDP-a Velike Britanije.

So this cyber sea, which we know endlessly

Ovo sajber more, koje je kao što znamo

is the fundamental piece of radical openness,

fundamentalni deo radikalne otvorenosti,

is very much under threat as well.

je takođe pod velikom pretnjom.

Another thing I worry about in the global commons

Još jedna stvar koja me brine u vezi sa univerzalnim vrednostima

is the threat posed by trafficking,

su pretnje izazvane trafikingom,

by the movement of narcotics, opium,

trgovinom narkoticima, opijumom,

here coming out of Afghanistan through Europe

koji dolaze iz Avganistana preko Evrope

over to the United States.

sve do Sjedinjenih Država.

We worry about cocaine

Brinemo zbog kokaina

coming from the Andean Ridge north.

koji dolazi sa severnog grebena Anda.

We worry about the movement of illegal weapons

Brinemo zbog trgovine ilegalnim oružjem

and trafficking. Above all, perhaps,

i trafikinga. Povrh svega, možda,

we worry about human trafficking, and the awful cost of it.

brinemo zbog trgovine ljudima i grozne cene toga.

Trafficking moves largely at sea

Trafiking se kreće najviše na moru,

but in other parts of the global commons.

ali i u ostalim delovima svetskih dobara.

This is a photograph, and I wish I could tell you

Ovo je fotografija, voleo bih da mogu reći

that this is a very high-tech piece of US Navy gear

da je ovo visokotehnološki deo američke mornaričke opreme

that we're using to stop the trafficking.

koju koristimo da zaustavimo trafiking.

The bad news is,

Loša vest je

this is a semi-submersible run by drug cartels.

da je ovo polu-podmornica kojom upravljaju narko karteli.

It was built in the jungles of South America.

Napravljena je u džunglama Južne Amerike.

We caught it with that low-tech raft — (Laughter) —

Uhvatili smo je sa običnim splavom -- (Smeh) --

and it was carrying six tons of cocaine.

i nosila je 6 tona kokaina.

Crew of four. Sophisticated communications sweep.

Posada od njih četvoro. Čišćenje sofisticiranim komunikacijama.

This kind of trafficking, in narcotics, in humans, in weapons,

Ova vrsta trafikinga, narkotika, ljudi, oružja,

God forbid, in weapons of mass destruction,

ne daj bože, oružja za masovno uništenje,

is part of the threat to the global commons.

je deo pretnji univerzalnim vrednostima.

And let's pull it together in Afghanistan today.

Hajde da vidimo Avganistan danas.

This is a field of poppies in Afghanistan.

Ovo je polje maka u Avganistanu.

Eighty to 90 percent of the world's poppy,

80-90 posto svetskog maka,

opium and heroin, comes out of Afghanistan.

opijuma i heroina dolazi iz Avganistana.

We also see there, of course, terrorism.

Takođe tu nalazimo i terorizam.

This is where al Qaeda is staged from.

Ovde je stacionirana Al Kaida.

We also see a very strong insurgency embedded there.

Isto tako vidimo veliku pobunu koja je tu ukorenjena.

So this terrorism concern is also part

Zato je ova zabrinutost oko terorizma takođe deo

of the global commons, and what we must address.

univerzalnih vrednosti i ono čemu se moramo posvetiti.

So here we are, 21st century.

Evo nas sada u 21. veku.

We know our 20th-century tools are not going to work.

Znamo da sredstva iz 20. veka neće funkcionisati.

What should we do?

Šta bi trebalo da uradimo?

I would argue that we will not deliver security

Rekao bih da nećemo da osiguramo bezbednost

solely from the barrel of a gun.

samo oružjem.

We will not deliver security solely from the barrel of a gun.

Nećemo osigurati bezbednost samo oružjem.

We will need the application of military force.

Trebaće nam primena vojne sile.

When we do it, we must do it well, and competently.

Kada to radimo, moramo da radimo dobro i kompetentno.

But my thesis is, open-source security is about international,

Moja teorija je: otvorena bezbednost je o međunarodnoj,

interagency, private-public connection pulled together

međuagencijskoj, privatno-javnoj vezi zasnovanoj

by this idea of strategic communication on the Internet.

na ideji strategijske komunikacije na Internetu.

Let me give you a couple of examples of how this works in a positive way.

Evo nekoliko primera kako ovo funkcioniše na pozitivan način.

This is Afghanistan. These are Afghan soldiers.

Ovo je Avganistan. Ovo su avganistanski vojnici.

They are all holding books.

Svi drže knjige.

You should say, "That's odd. I thought I read that

Trebalo bi da kažete: "Ovo je čudno. Mislim da sam pročitao da su

this demographic, young men and women

ovi mladi muškarci i žene

in their 20s and 30s, is largely illiterate in Afghanistan."

u svojim 20-im i 30-im mahom nepismeni u Avganistanu."

You would be correct.

Bili biste u pravu.

Eighty-five percent cannot read

85 posto ne zna da čita

when they enter the security forces of Afghanistan.

kada se priključe bezbednosnim jedinicama u Avganistanu.

Why? Because the Taliban withheld education

Zašto? Zato što su talibani uskratili obrazovanje

during the period of time in which these men and women

u periodu kada je trebalo da ovi muškarci i žene

would have learned to read.

nauče da čitaju.

So the question is, so,

Pitanje je

why are they all standing there holding books?

zašto svi stoje tamo i drže knjige?

The answer is, we are teaching them to read

Odgovor je da ih mi učimo da čitaju

in literacy courses by NATO

u kursevima opismenjivanja NATO-a

in partnership with private sector entities,

u partnerstvu sa entitetima privatnog sektora,

in partnership with development agencies.

u partnerstvu sa agencijama za razvoj.

We've taught well over 200,000 Afghan Security Forces

Naučili smo preko 200 000 avganistanskih bezbednosnih jedinica

to read and write at a basic level.

da čitaju i pišu na osnovnom nivou.

When you can read and write in Afghanistan,

Kada možete da čitate i pišete u Avganistanu,

you will typically put a pen in your pocket.

možete da stavite olovku u džep.

At the ceremonies, when these young men and women

Na ceremonijama, kada ovi mladi muškarci i žene

graduate, they take that pen with great pride,

diplomiraju, oni uzimaju ovu olovku sa velikim ponosom

and put it in their pocket.

i stavljaju je u svoj džep.

This is bringing together international

Ovo povezuje međunarodne

— there are 50 nations involved in this mission —

-- preko 50 nacija je uključeno u ovu misiju --

interagency — these development agencies —

međuagencijske -- ove razvojne agencije --

and private-public, to take on this kind of security.

i privatno-javne, da se uključe u ovakav vid bezbednosti.

Now, we are also teaching them combat skills, of course,

Mi ih učimo i borbenim veštinama, naravno,

but I would argue, open-source security

ali dodao bih, otvorena bezbednost

means connecting in ways that create

znači povezivanje na načine koji stvaraju

longer lasting security effect.

dugotrajne efekte bezbednosti.

Here's another example.

Evo još jednog primera.

This is a US Navy warship.

Ovo je ratni brod američke mornarice.

It's called the Comfort.

Zove se "Uteha".

There's a sister ship called the Mercy.

Postoji identičan brod koji se zove "Milost".

They are hospital ships.

To su bolnički brodovi.

This one, the Comfort, operates throughout

Ovaj, "Uteha" operiše kroz

the Caribbean and the coast of South America

Karibe i obale Južne Amerike

conducting patient treatments.

izvodeći tretmane pacijenata.

On a typical cruise, they'll do 400,000 patient treatments.

Na standardnom krstarenju oni izvedu 400 000 tretmana pacijenata.

It is crewed not strictly by military

Posada nije striktno vojna

but by a combination of humanitarian organizations:

već je kombinacija humanitarnih organizacija:

Operation Hope, Project Smile.

operacija "Nada", projekat "Osmeh".

Other organizations send volunteers.

Ostale organizacije šalju volontere.

Interagency physicians come out.

Međuresorni lekari izlaze.

They're all part of this.

Svi su deo ovoga.

To give you one example of the impact this can have,

Da bih vam pokazao kakav uticaj ovo može imati,

this little boy, eight years old,

ovaj osmogodišnji dečak je

walked with his mother two days

pešačio sa svojom majkom 2 dana

to come to the eye clinic put on by the Comfort.

da bi došao na očnu kliniku koju je postavila "Uteha".

When he was fitted, over his extremely myopic eyes,

Kada je bio tretiran zbog svoje izuzetne kratkovidosti,

he suddenly looked up and said,

odjednom je pogledao gore i rekao:

"Mama, veo el mundo."

"Mama veo el mundo."

"Mom, I see the world."

"Mama, vidim svet."

Multiply this by 400,000 patient treatments,

Pomnožite ovo sa 400 000 tretmana pacijenata,

this private-public collaboration with security forces,

ovu privatno-javnu saradnju sa bezbednosnim jednicama,

and you begin to see the power

tada počinjete da uviđate moć

of creating security in a very different way.

stvaranja bezbednosti na mnogo drugačiji način.

Here you see baseball players.

Ovde vidite bejzbol igrače.

Can you pick out the two US Army soldiers

Možete li da pronađete 2 vojnika američke vojske

in this photograph?

na ovoj fotografiji?

They are the two young men on either side

To su 2 mlada čoveka sa obe strane

of these young boys. This is part of a series

ovih dečaka. Ovo je deo serije

of baseball clinics, where we have explored collaboration

bejzbol klinika, gde smo istraživali saradnju

between Major League Baseball,

između Glavne bejzbol lige,

the Department of State,

Stejt Departmenta,

who sets up the diplomatic piece of this,

koji predstavlja diplomatski deo ovoga,

military baseball players, who are real soldiers

vojnih bejzboj igrača, koji su pravi vojnici

with real skills but participate in this mission,

sa stvarnim veštinama, ali učestvuju u ovoj misiji

and they put on clinics

i postavljaju klinike

throughout Latin America and the Caribbean,

svuda po Latinskoj Americi i Karibima,

in Honduras, in Nicaragua,

u Hondurasu, Nikaragvi,

in all of the Central American and Caribbean nations

po celoj Centralnoj Americi i Karibima

where baseball is so popular,

gde je bejzbol veoma popularan

and it creates security.

i tako se stvara bezbednost.

It shows role models to young men and women

Oni predstavljaju uzore mladim muškarcima i ženama

about fitness and about life that I would argue

o zdravom životu i o životu za koji tvrdim

help create security for us.

da pomaže stvaranju bezbednosti za nas.

Another aspect of this partnership

Jos jedan aspekt ovog partnerstva

is in disaster relief.

je u sprečavanju katastrofa.

This is a US Air Force helicopter participating

Ovo je helikopter američkih vazduhoplovnih snaga koji je učestvovao

after the tsunami in 2004 which killed 250,000 people.

nakon cunamija 2004. koji je ubio 250 000 ljudi.

In each of these major disasters — the tsunami in 2004,

U svakoj od ovih većih katastrofa -- cunami 2004. --

250,000 dead, the Kashmiri earthquake in Pakistan, 2005,

250 000 mrtvih, zemljotres u Kašmiru u Pakistanu 2005.,

85,000 dead,

85 000 mrtvih,

the Haitian earthquake, about 300,000 dead,

zemljotres na Haitiju, oko 300 000 mrtvih,

more recently the awful earthquake-tsunami combination

najskorija užasna kombinacija zemljotresa i cunamija

which struck Japan and its nuclear industry —

koja je pogodila Japan i njihovu nuklearnu industriju --

in all of these instances, we see partnerships

u svim ovim slučajevima, vidimo partnerstvo

between international actors,

međunarodnih aktera,

interagency, private-public working with security forces

međuagencijskih, privatno-javnih koji su radili sa bezbednosnim jedinicama

to respond to this kind of natural disaster.

da odgovore na ovu vrstu prirodnih katastrofa.

So these are examples of this idea of open-source security.

Ovo su primeri ideje otvorenog pristupa bezbednosti.

We tie it together, increasingly, by doing things like this.

Vezaćemo ih zajedno, uvećavajući, radeći stvari kao ove.

Now, you're looking at this thinking, "Ah, Admiral,

Sada, vi gledate ovo i mislite: "Admirale,

these must be sea lanes of communication,

ovo moraju biti morske linije komunikacija

or these might be fiber optic cables."

ili ovo mogu biti optički kablovi."

No. This is a graphic of the world according to Twitter.

Ne. Ovo je crtež sveta prema Twitteru.

Purple are tweets. Green are geolocation.

Ljubičasto su tvitovi. Zeleno su geolokacije.

White is the synthesis.

Belo je sinteza.

It's a perfect evocation of that great population survey,

Ovo je savršena simulacija tog sjajnog istraživanja stanovništva,

the six largest nations in the world in descending order:

6 najvećih nacija na svetu u opadajućem redosledu:

China, India, Facebook, the United States,

Kina, Indija, Facebook, Sjedinjene Američke Države,

Twitter and Indonesia. (Laughter)

Twitter i Indonezija. (Smeh)

Why do we want to get in these nets?

Zašto želimo da se uključimo u ove mreže?

Why do we want to be involved?

Zašto želimo da budemo upleteni?

We talked earlier about the Arab Spring,

Govorili smo ranije o arapskom proleću

and the power of all this.

i moći svega ovoga.

I'll give you another example,

Daću vam još jedan primer,

and it's how you move this message.

kako da prosledite ovu poruku.

I gave a talk like this in London a while back

Održao sam ovakav govor u Londonu pre nekog vremena

about this point. I said, as I say to all of you,

o ovom pitanju. Rekao sam, kao što govorim vama,

I'm on Facebook. Friend me.

ja sam na Facebooku. Dodajte me za prijatelja.

Got a little laugh from the audience.

Publika mi se malo smejala.

There was an article which was run by AP, on the wire.

Postojao je članak koji je pustio AP, na žici.

Got picked up in two places in the world:

Pokupili su ga na 2 mesta u svetu:

Finland and Indonesia.

Finskoj i Indoneziji.

The headline was: NATO Admiral Needs Friends.

Naslov je glasio: NATO admiralu trebaju prijatelji.

(Laughter)

(Smeh)

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala Vam. (Aplauz)

Which I do. (Laughter)

Što mi i treba. (Smeh)

And the story was a catalyst,

Priča je bila katalizator

and the next morning I had hundreds

i sledećeg dana sam imao hiljade

of Facebook friend requests

zahteva za prijateljstvo na Facebooku

from Indonesians and Finns,

od Indonežana i Finaca,

mostly saying, "Admiral, we heard you need a friend,

uglavnom govoreći: "Admirale, čuli smo da vam trebaju prijatelji,

and oh, by the way, what is NATO?" (Laughter)

i da, inače, šta je NATO?" (Smeh)

So ... (Laughter)

Pa... (Smeh)

Yeah, we laugh, but this is how we move the message,

Da, smejemo se, ali ovo je kako da prosledimo tu poruku,

and moving that message is how we connect

a prosleđivanje te poruke predstavlja način na koji povezujemo

international, interagency, private-public,

međunarodno, međuagencijsko, privatno-javno

and these social nets to help create security.

i kako ove društvene mreže mogu pomoći da kreiramo bezbednost.

Now, let me hit a somber note.

Dozvolite mi da pokrenem malo tmurniju temu.

This is a photograph of a brave British soldier.

Ovo je fotografija hrabrog britanskog vojnika.

He's in the Scots Guards.

On je u Škotskoj gardi.

He's standing the watch in Helmand,

Na straži je u Helmandu

in southern Afghanistan.

u južnom Avganistanu.

I put him here to remind us,

Stavio sam ga ovde da nas podseti,

I would not want anyone to leave the room thinking

ne želim da bilo ko napusti ovu prostoriju misleći

that we do not need capable, competent militaries

da nam ne trebaju sposobni, kompetentni vojnici

who can create real military effect.

koji mogu da stvore pravi vojni efekat.

That is the core of who we are and what we do,

Ovo je suština onoga što smo i šta radimo

and we do it to protect freedom, freedom of speech,

i to radimo da bi zaštitili slobodu, slobodu govora

all the things we treasure in our societies.

i stvari koje cenimo u našim društvima.

But, you know, life is not an on-and-off switch.

Ali znate, život nije na prekidač.

You don't have to have a military that is either

Ne morate da imate vojsku koja je ili

in hard combat or is in the barracks.

u teškoj borbi ili u barakama.

I would argue life is a rheostat.

Rekao bih da je život reostat.

You have to dial it in,

Morate da ga podesite

and as I think about how we create security

i baš kao što mislim kako stvaramo bezbednost

in this 21st century, there will be times

u 21. veku, biće vremena

when we will apply hard power in true war and crisis,

kada ćemo da primenimo tešku moć u stvarnim ratovima i krizama,

but there will be many instances,

ali biće mnogo slučajeva,

as we've talked about today,

kao što smo govorili danas,

where our militaries can be part of creating

gde će naše vojske biti deo stvaranja

21st-century security, international,

bezbednost 21. veka, međunarodnu,

interagency, private-public,

međuagencijsku, privatno-javnu,

connected with competent communication.

povezanu odgovarajućim komunikacijama.

I would close by saying that we heard earlier today

Završio bih rečima koje smo čuli ranije danas

about Wikipedia. I use Wikipedia all the time

o Vikipediji. Koristim Vikipediju svakodnevno

to look up facts, and as all of you appreciate,

da bih potražio činjenice i kao što svi vi cenite,

Wikipedia is not created by 12 brilliant people

Vikipedija nije stvorilo 12 briljantnih ljudi

locked in a room writing articles.

koji zatvoreni u sobi pišu članke.

Wikipedia, every day, is tens of thousands of people

Vikipedija, svakodnevno, predstavlja desetine hiljada ljudi

inputting information, and every day millions of people

koji ubacuju informacije i svakodnevno milioni ljudi

withdrawing that information.

koriste te informacije.

It's a perfect image for the fundamental point

To je odlična slika za ovo fundamentalno stanovište

that no one of us is as smart as all of us thinking together.

da niko od nas nije pametan kao svi mi kada razmišljamo zajedno.

No one person, no one alliance, no one nation,

Nijedna osoba, nijedan savez, nijedna nacija,

no one of us is as smart as all of us thinking together.

niko od nas nije pametan kao svi mi zajedno.

The vision statement of Wikipedia is very simple:

Ideja vodilja Vikipedije je veoma jednostavna:

a world in which every human being can freely share

svet gde svako ljudsko biće može besplatno da sudeluje

in the sum of all knowledge.

u sumi svih znanja.

My thesis for you is that by combining international,

Moja teorija za vas je da kombinacijom međunarodne,

interagency, private-public, strategic communication,

međuresorne, privatno-javne, strategijske komunikacije,

together, in this 21st century,

zajedno, u ovom 21. veku,

we can create the sum of all security.

možemo da stvorimo zbir cele bezbednosti.

Thank you. (Applause)

Hvala vam. (Aplauz)

Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)

Mnogo vam hvala. Hvala vam. Hvala vam. (Aplauz)