James Stavridis: How NATO's Supreme Commander thinks about global security

57,129 views ・ 2012-07-23

TED


请双击下面的英文字幕来播放视频。

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
0
0
7000
翻译人员: Yilun Zhou 校对人员: Sophie Zhao
00:15
I'm gonna talk a little bit about open-source security,
1
15752
4850
我将要介绍一些开放式安全性问题,
00:20
because we've got to get better at security
2
20602
2024
因为我们在21世纪已经离安全
00:22
in this 21st century.
3
22626
2020
越来越近了。
00:24
Let me start by saying, let's look back to the 20th century,
4
24646
4687
我们先回顾一下20世纪吧,
00:29
and kind of get a sense of how that style of security
5
29333
3669
然后我们就能了解安全这个概念是如何
00:33
worked for us.
6
33002
1478
为我们而工作。
00:34
This is Verdun, a battlefield in France
7
34480
3292
这里是Verdun,一个法国的战场,
00:37
just north of the NATO headquarters in Belgium.
8
37772
3317
就在北约在比利时总部的北边。
00:41
At Verdun, in 1916, over a 300-day period,
9
41089
6616
1916年,在Verdun这个战场上,
00:47
700,000 people were killed,
10
47705
3128
700000人在300天内被杀了,
00:50
so about 2,000 a day.
11
50833
2059
那就是差不多2000人一天。
00:52
If you roll it forward -- 20th-century security --
12
52892
4328
咱们继续往前看--20世纪的安全--
00:57
into the Second World War,
13
57220
2903
看到二战,
01:00
you see the Battle of Stalingrad,
14
60123
2482
我们看得到在斯大林格勒保卫战,
01:02
300 days, 2 million people killed.
15
62605
3568
300天内有二百万人战死。
01:06
We go into the Cold War, and we continue
16
66173
2786
进入冷战,我们继续
01:08
to try and build walls.
17
68959
2779
建造围墙。
01:11
We go from the trench warfare of the First World War
18
71738
4052
我们从一战的壕沟,
01:15
to the Maginot Line of the Second World War,
19
75790
3579
到二战的马其顿防线,
01:19
and then we go into the Cold War,
20
79369
2429
再到冷战中的
01:21
the Iron Curtain, the Berlin Wall.
21
81798
2938
铁幕,柏林墙。
01:24
Walls don't work.
22
84736
2227
墙不管用。
01:26
My thesis for us today is, instead of building walls
23
86963
4332
所以我今天的主题是为了完成“安全”这个目标,
01:31
to create security, we need to build bridges.
24
91295
3656
我们不建造墙,而建造桥。
01:34
This is a famous bridge in Europe.
25
94951
2424
在欧洲有一个很著名的桥。
01:37
It's in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
26
97375
2122
它在波黑。
01:39
It's the bridge over the Drina River,
27
99497
2239
它在Drina河上,
01:41
the subject of a novel by Ivo Andrić,
28
101736
2826
是作家Ivo Andric的一个小说的主题,
01:44
and it talks about how,
29
104562
1758
这部小说讲述了
01:46
in that very troubled part of Europe and the Balkans,
30
106320
3866
如何在欧洲和巴尔干地区最动荡的部分
01:50
over time there's been enormous building of walls.
31
110186
4143
大量的墙被筑起。
01:54
More recently, in the last decade, we begin to see
32
114329
3091
而最近,也就是在近十年,我们开始看到
01:57
these communities start, hesitatingly,
33
117420
3690
这些地区开始,尽管有些犹豫不决,
02:01
to come together.
34
121110
1553
逐渐融合在一起。
02:02
I would argue, again, open-source security
35
122663
4173
我想再次重申,开放式安全
02:06
is about connecting the international,
36
126836
2836
是关于联系国际的不同地区的,
02:09
the interagency, the private-public,
37
129672
3747
跨部门的,私人的和公共的,
02:13
and lashing it together with strategic communication,
38
133419
3765
并且把它们通过战略性沟通,
02:17
largely in social networks.
39
137184
2468
在社交网上联系在一起。
02:19
So let me talk a little bit about why we need to do that,
40
139652
4365
所以,接下来我将说一些为什么我们需要那么做,
02:24
because our global commons is under attack
41
144017
3747
因为我们的共同目标正在受到威胁,
02:27
in a variety of ways,
42
147764
1983
而且是多方面的,
02:29
and none of the sources of threat to the global commons
43
149747
3766
同时没有一种威胁
02:33
will be solved by building walls.
44
153513
2829
能被通过筑墙隔离解决。
02:36
Now, I'm a sailor, obviously.
45
156342
2306
现在,很明显我是一个水手。
02:38
This is a ship, a liner, clipping through the Indian Ocean.
46
158648
4609
有一个船在印度洋上航行。
02:43
What's wrong with this picture?
47
163257
2621
这个照片有什么问题吗?
02:45
It's got concertina wire along the sides of it.
48
165878
3511
在这个船上有蛇网环绕。
02:49
That's to prevent pirates from attacking it.
49
169389
2756
这是用来抵御海盗的。
02:52
Piracy is a very active threat today
50
172145
3107
海盗现在是一个非常主要的全球威胁。
02:55
around the world. This is in the Indian Ocean.
51
175252
3329
这是只是在印度洋。
02:58
Piracy is also very active in the Strait of Malacca.
52
178581
3791
海盗依然在马六甲海峡很猖狂,
03:02
It's active in the Gulf of Guinea.
53
182372
2076
也在几内亚湾,
03:04
We see it in the Caribbean.
54
184448
1757
在加勒比海地区。
03:06
It's a $10-billion-a-year discontinuity
55
186205
2787
它在全球交通运输中每年造成了一百亿美元的
03:08
in the global transport system.
56
188992
3566
损失。
03:12
Last year, at this time, there were 20 vessels,
57
192558
3455
在去年的此刻,有20艘船,
03:16
500 mariners held hostage.
58
196013
2587
500名船员被绑架为人质。
03:18
This is an attack on the global commons.
59
198600
3623
这是一个对全球共同利益的威胁。
03:22
We need to think about how to address it.
60
202223
2786
我们需要想出解决办法。
03:25
Let's shift to a different kind of sea,
61
205009
2450
现在让我们转到另一种海洋,
03:27
the cyber sea.
62
207459
2378
网络的海洋。
03:29
Here are photographs of two young men.
63
209837
3237
这里有两个年轻人的照片。
03:33
At the moment, they're incarcerated.
64
213074
2397
在此刻,他们被监禁着。
03:35
They conducted a credit card fraud that netted them
65
215471
5479
他们做了一个信用卡诈骗案,
03:40
over 10 billion dollars.
66
220950
3320
并且牟利超过一百亿美元。
03:44
This is part of cybercrime which is a $2-trillion-a-year
67
224270
5026
这只是对全球经济造成两万亿美元损失的
03:49
discontinuity in the global economy.
68
229296
3026
网络犯罪的一部分。
03:52
Two trillion a year.
69
232322
1346
两万亿每年。
03:53
That's just under the GDP of Great Britain.
70
233668
3462
这仅低于英国的国民生产总值(GDP).
03:57
So this cyber sea, which we know endlessly
71
237130
2927
所以网络世界,一个我们深知
04:00
is the fundamental piece of radical openness,
72
240057
3996
是由最根本的开放组成的地方,
04:04
is very much under threat as well.
73
244053
4530
正在受到威胁。
04:08
Another thing I worry about in the global commons
74
248583
3023
另一个我要担心的是
04:11
is the threat posed by trafficking,
75
251606
2760
由于物流造成的威胁,
04:14
by the movement of narcotics, opium,
76
254366
4534
也就是麻醉剂,鸦片等毒品
04:18
here coming out of Afghanistan through Europe
77
258900
3364
从阿富汗穿过欧洲
04:22
over to the United States.
78
262264
1410
到达美国的整个一条运输线。
04:23
We worry about cocaine
79
263674
2157
我们担心从Andean Ridge(地名)北部
04:25
coming from the Andean Ridge north.
80
265831
2385
运过来的可卡因。
04:28
We worry about the movement of illegal weapons
81
268216
3218
我们担心非法武器的运输。
04:31
and trafficking. Above all, perhaps,
82
271434
2419
但最重要的是,
04:33
we worry about human trafficking, and the awful cost of it.
83
273853
3971
我们担心人力的运输,以及它的成本。
04:37
Trafficking moves largely at sea
84
277824
2655
大多数运输是通过海洋的
04:40
but in other parts of the global commons.
85
280479
2487
但也通过我们的共同利益。
04:42
This is a photograph, and I wish I could tell you
86
282966
4613
这是一张照片,
04:47
that this is a very high-tech piece of US Navy gear
87
287579
4872
通过它我想告诉你这是一个非常高科技的美国海军武器
04:52
that we're using to stop the trafficking.
88
292451
2689
用来阻止物流的发生。
04:55
The bad news is,
89
295140
1800
但坏消息是,
04:56
this is a semi-submersible run by drug cartels.
90
296940
5625
这是一个贩毒组织的半潜水的设备。
05:02
It was built in the jungles of South America.
91
302565
4173
它在南美热带雨林中被建造,
05:06
We caught it with that low-tech raft — (Laughter) —
92
306738
4862
我们通过没有科技含量的筏子逮捕了它, (笑声)
05:11
and it was carrying six tons of cocaine.
93
311600
3882
而它正装载着六吨的可卡因,
05:15
Crew of four. Sophisticated communications sweep.
94
315482
4471
四个船员,精良的设备。
05:19
This kind of trafficking, in narcotics, in humans, in weapons,
95
319953
5062
这种运送麻醉剂,人和武器
05:25
God forbid, in weapons of mass destruction,
96
325015
2905
上帝禁止的,大规模杀伤性武器
05:27
is part of the threat to the global commons.
97
327920
2889
就是我们共同利益的威胁的一部分。
05:30
And let's pull it together in Afghanistan today.
98
330809
4154
现在让我们完整的看一下阿富汗的今天。
05:34
This is a field of poppies in Afghanistan.
99
334963
2746
在阿富汗有一片罂粟花的,
05:37
Eighty to 90 percent of the world's poppy,
100
337709
3308
全世界80%到90%的罂粟花,
05:41
opium and heroin, comes out of Afghanistan.
101
341017
3319
鸦片和海洛因来自阿富汗。
05:44
We also see there, of course, terrorism.
102
344336
2779
当然,我们也看到了恐怖组织。
05:47
This is where al Qaeda is staged from.
103
347115
2302
这就是基地组织建立的地方。
05:49
We also see a very strong insurgency embedded there.
104
349417
4606
我们看到了这里有一个很不稳定的局势。
05:54
So this terrorism concern is also part
105
354023
3780
所以恐怖组织也是我们
05:57
of the global commons, and what we must address.
106
357803
4073
面临的威胁的一部分,也是我们必须解决的。
06:01
So here we are, 21st century.
107
361876
3313
所以,在21世纪,
06:05
We know our 20th-century tools are not going to work.
108
365189
3719
我们知道我们20世纪的方法不管用。
06:08
What should we do?
109
368908
2565
我们该怎么办?
06:11
I would argue that we will not deliver security
110
371473
4765
我想说我们不能仅仅通过
06:16
solely from the barrel of a gun.
111
376238
2453
枪支来保障安全。
06:18
We will not deliver security solely from the barrel of a gun.
112
378691
4163
我们不能仅仅依靠枪支,
06:22
We will need the application of military force.
113
382854
2903
我们需要军事力量的综合应用。
06:25
When we do it, we must do it well, and competently.
114
385757
3094
当我们使用时,我们就必须使用好。
06:28
But my thesis is, open-source security is about international,
115
388851
6165
但我所要说的是,开放式安全是关于国际的,
06:35
interagency, private-public connection pulled together
116
395016
4535
跨部门的,私人和公共的联系,
06:39
by this idea of strategic communication on the Internet.
117
399551
6289
通过互联网沟通而建立的。
06:45
Let me give you a couple of examples of how this works in a positive way.
118
405840
3561
让我讲一个例子。
06:49
This is Afghanistan. These are Afghan soldiers.
119
409401
4471
我们有阿富汗,有阿富汗的士兵,
06:53
They are all holding books.
120
413872
2318
他们都拿着书。
06:56
You should say, "That's odd. I thought I read that
121
416190
4804
你可能会说“这真奇怪,我想我曾读到过
07:00
this demographic, young men and women
122
420994
3496
在这个地区绝大多数20,30多岁的年轻人
07:04
in their 20s and 30s, is largely illiterate in Afghanistan."
123
424490
4969
都是不识字的。”
07:09
You would be correct.
124
429459
1741
你也许是对的。
07:11
Eighty-five percent cannot read
125
431200
2197
当他们进入安全部队的时候,
07:13
when they enter the security forces of Afghanistan.
126
433397
3060
85%是不识字的。
07:16
Why? Because the Taliban withheld education
127
436457
3147
为什么?因为塔利班
07:19
during the period of time in which these men and women
128
439604
3284
在这些人该学习的时候不提供
07:22
would have learned to read.
129
442888
1391
教育。
07:24
So the question is, so,
130
444279
1743
所以问题是,
07:26
why are they all standing there holding books?
131
446022
3341
为什么他们手里拿着书站在那里?
07:29
The answer is, we are teaching them to read
132
449363
3693
答案是,我们在叫他们阅读,
07:33
in literacy courses by NATO
133
453056
3368
通过北约组织的课程,
07:36
in partnership with private sector entities,
134
456424
3495
通过和私人组织的合作,
07:39
in partnership with development agencies.
135
459919
3387
通过和发展署的合作。
07:43
We've taught well over 200,000 Afghan Security Forces
136
463306
4461
我们已经教了超过200000的阿富汗安全部队士兵
07:47
to read and write at a basic level.
137
467767
2548
来进行最基本的读写。
07:50
When you can read and write in Afghanistan,
138
470315
2783
当你能读和写的时候,
07:53
you will typically put a pen in your pocket.
139
473098
3139
你就会在你的口袋里放一支笔。
07:56
At the ceremonies, when these young men and women
140
476237
2588
在毕业典礼上,当这些人毕业时,
07:58
graduate, they take that pen with great pride,
141
478825
3544
他们很骄傲的拿出笔,
08:02
and put it in their pocket.
142
482369
2100
并放在他们的口袋里。
08:04
This is bringing together international
143
484469
2942
这个举动把全世界
08:07
— there are 50 nations involved in this mission —
144
487411
2846
——有五十个国家——
08:10
interagency — these development agencies —
145
490257
2846
跨部门的力量
08:13
and private-public, to take on this kind of security.
146
493103
4090
私人和公共资源都联系到了一起,来进行这种安全的建立。
08:17
Now, we are also teaching them combat skills, of course,
147
497193
3634
现在,我们当然也教他们格斗技巧,
08:20
but I would argue, open-source security
148
500827
2768
但我想说,开放式安全
08:23
means connecting in ways that create
149
503595
2684
意味着为创造更持久的安全
08:26
longer lasting security effect.
150
506279
2852
而联系各个力量。
08:29
Here's another example.
151
509131
2300
这里是另一个例子。
08:31
This is a US Navy warship.
152
511431
3439
这是一个美国海军战舰。
08:34
It's called the Comfort.
153
514870
1919
叫做Comfort(安慰)号。
08:36
There's a sister ship called the Mercy.
154
516789
2737
他有一个姊妹舰,叫做Mercy(仁慈)号。
08:39
They are hospital ships.
155
519526
2135
他们是友好的战舰。
08:41
This one, the Comfort, operates throughout
156
521661
2082
安慰号在
08:43
the Caribbean and the coast of South America
157
523743
3611
加勒比海和南美洲的海岸
08:47
conducting patient treatments.
158
527354
1988
进行病人的治疗。
08:49
On a typical cruise, they'll do 400,000 patient treatments.
159
529342
4741
通常,他会进行400000个治疗,
08:54
It is crewed not strictly by military
160
534083
3791
船员不是严格的部队人员,
08:57
but by a combination of humanitarian organizations:
161
537874
3904
而是很多人道主义组织,
09:01
Operation Hope, Project Smile.
162
541778
3268
比如“希望项目”,“微笑工程”。
09:05
Other organizations send volunteers.
163
545046
3586
其他组织送来志愿者。
09:08
Interagency physicians come out.
164
548632
2255
其他部门的医生也来了。
09:10
They're all part of this.
165
550887
2129
他们都是这个项目的一部分。
09:13
To give you one example of the impact this can have,
166
553016
2905
举个例子来说明这个项目的影响力,
09:15
this little boy, eight years old,
167
555921
3229
这个小孩,8岁,
09:19
walked with his mother two days
168
559150
3219
和他的妈妈走了两天
09:22
to come to the eye clinic put on by the Comfort.
169
562369
3092
来到安慰号上的眼科诊所。
09:25
When he was fitted, over his extremely myopic eyes,
170
565461
5368
当他被治好他的重度近视是,
09:30
he suddenly looked up and said,
171
570829
3146
他突然抬头,然后说:
09:33
"Mama, veo el mundo."
172
573975
3238
“Mama, veo el mundo.(当地语言)”
09:37
"Mom, I see the world."
173
577213
2888
“妈妈,我看到世界了。”
09:40
Multiply this by 400,000 patient treatments,
174
580101
3458
把这个乘以400000,也就是治疗数目,
09:43
this private-public collaboration with security forces,
175
583559
4669
这个私人和公共的合作,同时融合了安全力量的项目,
09:48
and you begin to see the power
176
588228
2069
开始显现它的力量,
09:50
of creating security in a very different way.
177
590297
3796
来以一个很不同的方式创造安全。
09:54
Here you see baseball players.
178
594093
4297
这张照片是棒球运动员。
09:58
Can you pick out the two US Army soldiers
179
598390
3820
你能在其中找出
10:02
in this photograph?
180
602210
1957
两名美国部队的士兵吗?
10:04
They are the two young men on either side
181
604167
2195
他们是每侧最边上的两位。
10:06
of these young boys. This is part of a series
182
606362
3015
这是棒球诊所的一部分,
10:09
of baseball clinics, where we have explored collaboration
183
609377
3843
在这里我们尝试
10:13
between Major League Baseball,
184
613220
2108
棒球联赛,
10:15
the Department of State,
185
615328
1356
国务院,
10:16
who sets up the diplomatic piece of this,
186
616684
2391
(它建起了外交基础)
10:19
military baseball players, who are real soldiers
187
619075
4225
在军队中的棒球运动员,
10:23
with real skills but participate in this mission,
188
623300
4033
也就是那些能真正上战场的人,之间的合作,
10:27
and they put on clinics
189
627333
1902
并且他们把这种诊所
10:29
throughout Latin America and the Caribbean,
190
629235
2086
开到了拉丁美洲和加勒比地区,
10:31
in Honduras, in Nicaragua,
191
631321
3360
开到了洪都拉斯,开到了尼加拉瓜,
10:34
in all of the Central American and Caribbean nations
192
634681
4702
开到了所有中美洲和加勒比的
10:39
where baseball is so popular,
193
639383
1790
棒球很流行国家,
10:41
and it creates security.
194
641173
2256
而且它创造了安全感。
10:43
It shows role models to young men and women
195
643429
2458
他为年轻人建立了关于健身和生活的榜样,
10:45
about fitness and about life that I would argue
196
645887
3600
而且我想说
10:49
help create security for us.
197
649487
4165
这些理念帮助创造了安全。
10:53
Another aspect of this partnership
198
653652
2597
这个合作的另一部分是
10:56
is in disaster relief.
199
656249
1951
灾后救援与后续工作。
10:58
This is a US Air Force helicopter participating
200
658200
3747
这是一个美国空军的直升机,
11:01
after the tsunami in 2004 which killed 250,000 people.
201
661947
6954
它参加了2004年一个杀死250000人的海啸的救援。
11:08
In each of these major disasters — the tsunami in 2004,
202
668901
4511
在所有的大灾难中——2004年海啸,250000死,
11:13
250,000 dead, the Kashmiri earthquake in Pakistan, 2005,
203
673412
6874
2005年巴基斯坦地震,
11:20
85,000 dead,
204
680286
2026
85000人死亡,
11:22
the Haitian earthquake, about 300,000 dead,
205
682312
4669
海地地震,300000人死亡,
11:26
more recently the awful earthquake-tsunami combination
206
686981
4891
还有最近的对于日本机器核工业的
11:31
which struck Japan and its nuclear industry —
207
691872
3364
地震海啸双重打击——
11:35
in all of these instances, we see partnerships
208
695236
3087
在所有这些例子中,我们看到了
11:38
between international actors,
209
698323
3322
国际间,
11:41
interagency, private-public working with security forces
210
701645
3908
跨部门,公私结合的合作,这个合作与安全力量同时
11:45
to respond to this kind of natural disaster.
211
705553
3826
响应这种自然灾害。
11:49
So these are examples of this idea of open-source security.
212
709379
4352
所以这些都是我们说的开放式安全的例子。
11:53
We tie it together, increasingly, by doing things like this.
213
713731
4671
我们结合在一起,来共同完成这样的事情。
11:58
Now, you're looking at this thinking, "Ah, Admiral,
214
718402
2911
现在你看到这个,应该在想,“啊,船长,
12:01
these must be sea lanes of communication,
215
721313
3186
这些一定是通信电缆,
12:04
or these might be fiber optic cables."
216
724499
2800
或者是光线。”
12:07
No. This is a graphic of the world according to Twitter.
217
727299
5192
不,这是一个Twitter(国外微博网站)公司发的世界地图。
12:12
Purple are tweets. Green are geolocation.
218
732491
6568
紫色是微博,绿色是地点,
12:19
White is the synthesis.
219
739059
2046
白色是结合。
12:21
It's a perfect evocation of that great population survey,
220
741105
4085
这很能让人想到人口普查,
12:25
the six largest nations in the world in descending order:
221
745190
3747
六个人口最多的国家依次是:
12:28
China, India, Facebook, the United States,
222
748937
2678
中国,印度,Facebook(国外社交网络),美国,
12:31
Twitter and Indonesia. (Laughter)
223
751615
4322
Twitter,和印尼。 (笑声)
12:35
Why do we want to get in these nets?
224
755937
1763
我们要这些网干什么?
12:37
Why do we want to be involved?
225
757700
1810
我们为什么想要在其中?
12:39
We talked earlier about the Arab Spring,
226
759510
1856
我们之前讨论过阿拉伯春天组织,
12:41
and the power of all this.
227
761366
1401
以及它的力量。
12:42
I'll give you another example,
228
762767
1343
我再举一个例子,
12:44
and it's how you move this message.
229
764110
2253
是关于信息如何传播的。
12:46
I gave a talk like this in London a while back
230
766363
2333
我在伦敦发表一个像这个的演讲。
12:48
about this point. I said, as I say to all of you,
231
768696
3388
我说,我对你们说,
12:52
I'm on Facebook. Friend me.
232
772084
2146
我在Facebook上,加我好友吧。
12:54
Got a little laugh from the audience.
233
774230
2127
观众在笑。
12:56
There was an article which was run by AP, on the wire.
234
776357
5231
这是AP(美联社)的一篇文章。
13:01
Got picked up in two places in the world:
235
781588
2516
世界上有两个地方,
13:04
Finland and Indonesia.
236
784104
2348
芬兰和印尼,
13:06
The headline was: NATO Admiral Needs Friends.
237
786452
3890
标题是:北约舰队司令需要好友。
13:10
(Laughter)
238
790342
1483
(笑声)
13:11
Thank you. (Applause)
239
791825
2544
谢谢你们。 (掌声)
13:14
Which I do. (Laughter)
240
794369
2554
我会做。 (笑声)
13:16
And the story was a catalyst,
241
796923
2557
这个故事是一个催化剂,
13:19
and the next morning I had hundreds
242
799480
2719
明天早上我就会有上百个
13:22
of Facebook friend requests
243
802199
1635
Facebook好友请求,
13:23
from Indonesians and Finns,
244
803834
2517
来自印尼和芬兰,
13:26
mostly saying, "Admiral, we heard you need a friend,
245
806351
2982
大多数都会说:“司令,我们听说你需要好友,
13:29
and oh, by the way, what is NATO?" (Laughter)
246
809333
3602
哦,还有,NATO(北约)是什么?” (笑声)
13:32
So ... (Laughter)
247
812935
2052
所以 (笑声)
13:34
Yeah, we laugh, but this is how we move the message,
248
814987
4086
是的,我们笑了,但这就是我们如何传播信息,
13:39
and moving that message is how we connect
249
819073
2735
也就是我们如何把
13:41
international, interagency, private-public,
250
821808
2451
国际,不同部门,私人和公共,
13:44
and these social nets to help create security.
251
824259
3870
以及那些社会网联系起来来创造安全。
13:48
Now, let me hit a somber note.
252
828129
3433
现在,让我说一个严肃的消息。
13:51
This is a photograph of a brave British soldier.
253
831562
3758
这是一个勇敢的英国士兵的照片。
13:55
He's in the Scots Guards.
254
835320
2206
他在苏格兰卫队,
13:57
He's standing the watch in Helmand,
255
837526
1746
正在Helmand站岗,
13:59
in southern Afghanistan.
256
839272
2264
在阿富汗南部。
14:01
I put him here to remind us,
257
841536
2656
我把他放出来就是想提醒我们,
14:04
I would not want anyone to leave the room thinking
258
844192
3327
我不想让任何人离开这间屋子,抱着
14:07
that we do not need capable, competent militaries
259
847519
4213
“我们不需要军事部队”
14:11
who can create real military effect.
260
851732
3235
的想法。
14:14
That is the core of who we are and what we do,
261
854967
3095
这正是我们在做的,
14:18
and we do it to protect freedom, freedom of speech,
262
858062
4056
我们做这个事情来保障自由,言论自由,
14:22
all the things we treasure in our societies.
263
862118
2965
和其他所有我们在社会中珍视的。
14:25
But, you know, life is not an on-and-off switch.
264
865083
4259
但你知道,生活不是开关。
14:29
You don't have to have a military that is either
265
869342
2389
我们没有要么在战争,要么在兵营的
14:31
in hard combat or is in the barracks.
266
871731
3803
军事力量。
14:35
I would argue life is a rheostat.
267
875534
4783
我认为生活是一个可变电阻器,
14:40
You have to dial it in,
268
880317
2529
你需要调一个数值,
14:42
and as I think about how we create security
269
882846
3269
并且正像我认为我们该如何在21世纪制造安全一样,
14:46
in this 21st century, there will be times
270
886115
2652
我们会需要
14:48
when we will apply hard power in true war and crisis,
271
888767
5129
在真正的战争和危机中使用真正强硬的力量,
14:53
but there will be many instances,
272
893896
1921
但会有很多时候,
14:55
as we've talked about today,
273
895817
1758
就像我们已经讨论的,
14:57
where our militaries can be part of creating
274
897575
3192
我们的部队可以使
15:00
21st-century security, international,
275
900767
4054
21世纪安全,也就是国际,
15:04
interagency, private-public,
276
904821
2408
跨部门,公私结合,
15:07
connected with competent communication.
277
907229
4556
的安全模式的一部分,通过沟通来结合起来。
15:11
I would close by saying that we heard earlier today
278
911785
4487
在结束时,我想说在今天早些时候
15:16
about Wikipedia. I use Wikipedia all the time
279
916272
3963
听到的关于维基百科的一些东西。
15:20
to look up facts, and as all of you appreciate,
280
920235
3161
我经常用维基百科查一些东西,就像你所知道的,
15:23
Wikipedia is not created by 12 brilliant people
281
923396
4153
维基百科不是靠12个聪明的人
15:27
locked in a room writing articles.
282
927549
2475
把自己关在屋子里写文章建立的。
15:30
Wikipedia, every day, is tens of thousands of people
283
930024
3713
维基百科是靠每天数万人
15:33
inputting information, and every day millions of people
284
933737
4800
的更新,数百万人的提取信息
15:38
withdrawing that information.
285
938537
1863
而建立的。
15:40
It's a perfect image for the fundamental point
286
940400
3620
这完美的说明了
15:44
that no one of us is as smart as all of us thinking together.
287
944020
4622
没有一个人能比共同思考更聪明。
15:48
No one person, no one alliance, no one nation,
288
948642
3660
没有一个人,没有一个联盟,没有一个国家,
15:52
no one of us is as smart as all of us thinking together.
289
952302
4781
能有我们共同思考更睿智。
15:57
The vision statement of Wikipedia is very simple:
290
957083
4682
维基百科的宣言很简单:
16:01
a world in which every human being can freely share
291
961765
3114
创建一个能人人自由共享
16:04
in the sum of all knowledge.
292
964879
1633
所有知识的世界。
16:06
My thesis for you is that by combining international,
293
966512
4478
所以,我想说,通过结合国际,
16:10
interagency, private-public, strategic communication,
294
970990
4170
多部门,公私力量,战略通信在一起,
16:15
together, in this 21st century,
295
975160
3465
在21世纪,
16:18
we can create the sum of all security.
296
978625
3267
我们能创造共同的安全。
16:21
Thank you. (Applause)
297
981892
2457
谢谢 (掌声)
16:24
Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
298
984349
4226
非常感谢。 (掌声)
关于本网站

这个网站将向你介绍对学习英语有用的YouTube视频。你将看到来自世界各地的一流教师教授的英语课程。双击每个视频页面上显示的英文字幕,即可从那里播放视频。字幕会随着视频的播放而同步滚动。如果你有任何意见或要求,请使用此联系表与我们联系。

https://forms.gle/WvT1wiN1qDtmnspy7