James Stavridis: How NATO's Supreme Commander thinks about global security

57,232 views ใƒป 2012-07-23

TED


ืื ื ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ.

00:00
Translator: Joseph Geni Reviewer: Morton Bast
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ืžืชืจื’ื: Michael Coslovsky ืžื‘ืงืจ: Sigal Tifferet
00:15
I'm gonna talk a little bit about open-source security,
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ืื ื™ ื”ื•ืœืš ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘-"ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื—",
00:20
because we've got to get better at security
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื›ืจื—ื™ื ืœื”ืฉืชืคืจ ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
00:22
in this 21st century.
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”-21 ื”ื–ื•.
00:24
Let me start by saying, let's look back to the 20th century,
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ื•ืœื•ืžืจ, ื‘ื•ืื• ื ืกืชื›ืœ ืื—ื•ืจื” ืœืžืื” ื”-20,
00:29
and kind of get a sense of how that style of security
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ื•ื ืงื‘ืœ ืื™ื–ืฉื”ื• ืžื•ืฉื’ ืขืœ ืกื•ื’ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
00:33
worked for us.
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ืฉืขื‘ื“ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื ื• ืื–.
00:34
This is Verdun, a battlefield in France
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ื–ื”ื• ื•ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ, ืฉื“ื”-ืงืจื‘ ื‘ืฆืจืคืช
00:37
just north of the NATO headquarters in Belgium.
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ืงืฆืช ืฆืคื•ื ื™ืช ืœืžื˜ื” ื ืื˜"ื• ืฉื‘ื‘ืœื’ื™ื”.
00:41
At Verdun, in 1916, over a 300-day period,
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ื‘ื•ื•ื•ืจื“ื•ืŸ, ื‘-1916, ื‘ืžื”ืœืš 300 ื™ืžื™ื
00:47
700,000 people were killed,
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ื ื”ืจื’ื• 700,000 ืื™ืฉ,
00:50
so about 2,000 a day.
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ื‘ืขืจืš 2,000 ื‘ื™ื•ื.
00:52
If you roll it forward -- 20th-century security --
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ืื ื ื’ืœื•ืœ ืืช ื–ื” ืงื“ื™ืžื” - ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 -
00:57
into the Second World War,
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ืœืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
01:00
you see the Battle of Stalingrad,
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ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื”ืงืจื‘ ืขืœ ืกื˜ืืœื™ื ื’ืจื“,
01:02
300 days, 2 million people killed.
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300 ื™ืžื™ื, 2 ืžื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื.
01:06
We go into the Cold War, and we continue
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ื ืชืงื“ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื”, ื•ืื ื• ืžืžืฉื™ื›ื™ื
01:08
to try and build walls.
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ืœื ืกื•ืช ื•ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
01:11
We go from the trench warfare of the First World War
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ืื ื• ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืžืœื•ื—ืžืช ื”ื—ืคื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”
01:15
to the Maginot Line of the Second World War,
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ืœืงื• ืžื’ื™ื ื• ืฉืœ ืžืœื—ืžืช ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ืฉื ื™ื™ื”,
01:19
and then we go into the Cold War,
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ื•ืื– ืื ื• ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืœืžืœื—ืžื” ื”ืงืจื”,
01:21
the Iron Curtain, the Berlin Wall.
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ืžืกืš ื”ื‘ืจื–ืœ, ื—ื•ืžืช ื‘ืจืœื™ืŸ.
01:24
Walls don't work.
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ืงื™ืจื•ืช ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื.
01:26
My thesis for us today is, instead of building walls
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ื”ืชื™ื–ื” ืฉืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื• ื”ื™ื•ื ื”ื™ื, ื‘ืžืงื•ื ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืช
01:31
to create security, we need to build bridges.
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ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ, ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื’ืฉืจื™ื.
01:34
This is a famous bridge in Europe.
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ื–ื”ื• ื’ืฉืจ ืžืคื•ืจืกื ื‘ืื™ืจื•ืคื”.
01:37
It's in Bosnia-Herzegovina.
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ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื‘ื‘ื•ืกื ื™ื”-ื”ืจืฆื’ื•ื‘ื™ื ื”.
01:39
It's the bridge over the Drina River,
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ื–ื” ื”ื’ืฉืจ ืฉืžืขืœ ื ื”ืจ ื”ื“ืจื™ื ื”,
01:41
the subject of a novel by Ivo Andriฤ‡,
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ืฉื”ื™ื” ื ื•ืฉืื• ืฉืœ ืจื•ืžืŸ ืคืจื™ ืขื˜ื• ืฉืœ ืื™ื‘ื• ืื ื“ืจื™ืฅ',
01:44
and it talks about how,
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ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืื™ืš
01:46
in that very troubled part of Europe and the Balkans,
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ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืžืื•ื“ ื‘ืขื™ื™ืชื™ ื”ื”ื•ื ืฉืœ ืื™ืจื•ืคื” ื•ื”ื‘ืœืงืŸ,
01:50
over time there's been enormous building of walls.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื ื™ื™ื” ืžืืกื™ื‘ื™ืช ืฉืœ ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
01:54
More recently, in the last decade, we begin to see
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ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื”, ื‘ืขืฉื•ืจ ื”ืื—ืจื•ืŸ, ืื ื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช
01:57
these communities start, hesitatingly,
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ืืช ื”ืงื”ื™ืœื•ืช ื”ืœืœื• ืžืชื—ื™ืœื•ืช, ื‘ื—ืฉืฉ,
02:01
to come together.
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ืœื”ืชืงืจื‘ ืื—ืช ืœืฉื ื™ื™ื”.
02:02
I would argue, again, open-source security
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ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ืฉื•ื‘, ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื“-ืคืชื•ื—
02:06
is about connecting the international,
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ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœ ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ืฉืœ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™,
02:09
the interagency, the private-public,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืชื™, ื”ืื™ืฉื™-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
02:13
and lashing it together with strategic communication,
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ื•ืื™ื—ื•ื“ ืฉืœื”ื ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช
02:17
largely in social networks.
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ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช.
02:19
So let me talk a little bit about why we need to do that,
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ืื– ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื“ื‘ืจ ืžืขื˜ ืขืœ ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”,
02:24
because our global commons is under attack
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ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื ืžืฆืืช ืชื—ืช ืžืชืงืคื”
02:27
in a variety of ways,
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ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื•ื ื•ืช,
02:29
and none of the sources of threat to the global commons
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ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืžืงื•ืจื•ืช ื”ืื™ื•ื ืขืœ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื
02:33
will be solved by building walls.
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ืœื ื™ื™ืคืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื‘ื ื™ื™ืช ืงื™ืจื•ืช.
02:36
Now, I'm a sailor, obviously.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืื ื™ ืžืœื—, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
02:38
This is a ship, a liner, clipping through the Indian Ocean.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืื•ื ื™ื”, ืื•ื ื™ื™ืช ื ื•ืกืขื™ื, ืฉื—ื•ืชื›ืช ื“ืจืš ื”ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™.
02:43
What's wrong with this picture?
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ืžื” ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•?
02:45
It's got concertina wire along the sides of it.
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ื™ืฉ ืœื” ื—ื•ื˜ื™ ืชื™ืœ ื“ื•ืงืจื ื™ื™ื ืžืฆื“ื“ื™ื”.
02:49
That's to prevent pirates from attacking it.
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ื–ื” ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืžื ื•ืข ืžืฉื•ื“ื“ื™-ื™ื ืœืชืงื•ืฃ ืื•ืชื”.
02:52
Piracy is a very active threat today
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ืฉื•ื“ ื™ืžื™ ื”ื•ื ืื™ื•ื ืžืื“ ืคืขื™ืœ
02:55
around the world. This is in the Indian Ocean.
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ืกื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื›ื™ื•ื. ื–ื” ื‘ืื•ืงื™ื™ื ื•ืก ื”ื”ื•ื“ื™.
02:58
Piracy is also very active in the Strait of Malacca.
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ื™ืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ืฉืœ ืฉื•ื“-ื™ื ื’ื ื‘ืžื™ืฆืจื™ ืžืœืืงื”.
03:02
It's active in the Gulf of Guinea.
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ื™ืฉ ืคืขื™ืœื•ืช ืจื‘ื” ื‘ืžืคืจืฅ ื’ื™ื ืื”.
03:04
We see it in the Caribbean.
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ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื‘ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื.
03:06
It's a $10-billion-a-year discontinuity
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืฉื•ื•ื™ 10 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื”
03:08
in the global transport system.
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ื‘ืžืขืจื›ืช ื”ืชื•ื‘ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
03:12
Last year, at this time, there were 20 vessels,
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ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืœืคื ื™ ืฉื ื”, ื”ื™ื• 20 ื›ืœื™ ืฉื™ื˜,
03:16
500 mariners held hostage.
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500 ืื ืฉื™ ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื—ื–ืงื• ื‘ื ื™-ืขืจื•ื‘ื”.
03:18
This is an attack on the global commons.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื”ืชืงืคื” ืขืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
03:22
We need to think about how to address it.
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ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ื›ื™ืฆื“ ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืชืงืคื” ื–ื•.
03:25
Let's shift to a different kind of sea,
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ื ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืœืกื•ื’ ืื—ืจ ืฉืœ ื™ื,
03:27
the cyber sea.
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ื”ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื‘ืจื ื˜ื™.
03:29
Here are photographs of two young men.
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ื”ื ื” ืชืฆืœื•ืžื™ื ืฉืœ ืฉื ื™ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื.
03:33
At the moment, they're incarcerated.
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ื–ื” ื”ื ื‘ื›ืœื.
03:35
They conducted a credit card fraud that netted them
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ื”ื ื‘ื™ืฆืขื• ื”ื•ื ืืช ืืฉืจืื™ ืฉื”ื ื™ื‘ื” ืœื”ื
03:40
over 10 billion dollars.
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ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-10 ืžื™ืœื™ืืจื“ ื“ื•ืœืจ.
03:44
This is part of cybercrime which is a $2-trillion-a-year
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ื–ื” ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืฉืข ื”ืžืงื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื•ื ืคื’ื™ืขื” ืฉืœ
03:49
discontinuity in the global economy.
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2 ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื“ื•ืœืจ ื‘ืฉื ื” ื‘ื›ืœื›ืœื” ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ืช.
03:52
Two trillion a year.
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ืฉื ื™ ื˜ืจื™ืœื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืฉื ื”.
03:53
That's just under the GDP of Great Britain.
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ื–ื” ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืžื• ื”ืชืž"ื’ ืฉืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื ื™ื”.
03:57
So this cyber sea, which we know endlessly
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ื‘ื™ื ื”ืงื™ื‘ืจื ื˜ื™ ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ื‘ืกื•ืคื• ืฉืœ ื“ื‘ืจ
04:00
is the fundamental piece of radical openness,
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ืฉื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ ืฉืœ ืคืชื™ื—ื•ืช ืจื“ื™ืงืœื™ืช,
04:04
is very much under threat as well.
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ื ืžืฆื ื’ื ื”ื•ื ืชื—ืช ืื™ื•ื.
04:08
Another thing I worry about in the global commons
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ื“ื‘ืจ ื ื•ืกืฃ ืฉืžื“ืื™ื’ ืื•ืชื™ ืœื’ื‘ื™ ืžืฉืื‘ื™ ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ
04:11
is the threat posed by trafficking,
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ื”ื•ื ื”ืื™ื•ื ืฉืœ ืกื—ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™,
04:14
by the movement of narcotics, opium,
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ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ืกืžื™ื, ืื•ืคื™ื•ื,
04:18
here coming out of Afghanistan through Europe
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ืฉื›ืืŸ ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืŸ ื“ืจืš ืื™ืจื•ืคื”
04:22
over to the United States.
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ืœืชื•ืš ืืจืฆื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช.
04:23
We worry about cocaine
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื•ื“ืื’ื™ื ืžืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ
04:25
coming from the Andean Ridge north.
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ืฉืžื’ื™ืข ืžืฆืคื•ืŸ ืจื›ืก ื”ืื ื“ื™ื.
04:28
We worry about the movement of illegal weapons
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ืื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืžื”ืžืขื‘ืจ ืฉืœ ื ืฉืง ื‘ืœืชื™-ื—ื•ืงื™
04:31
and trafficking. Above all, perhaps,
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ื•ืกื—ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™. ืื•ืœื™ ืžืขืœ ืœื›ืœ
04:33
we worry about human trafficking, and the awful cost of it.
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ืื ื• ื“ื•ืื’ื™ื ืžืกื—ืจ ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื ื•ื”ืžื—ื™ืจ ื”ื ื•ืจื ืฉืœื•.
04:37
Trafficking moves largely at sea
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ืกื—ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ื“ืจืš ื”ื™ื
04:40
but in other parts of the global commons.
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ืื‘ืœ ื’ื ื‘ื—ืœืงื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
04:42
This is a photograph, and I wish I could tell you
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ื–ื”ื• ืชืฆืœื•ื, ื•ื”ืœื•ื•ืื™ ื•ื™ื›ื•ืœืชื™ ืœื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื
04:47
that this is a very high-tech piece of US Navy gear
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ืฉื–ื•ื”ื™ ืคื™ืกืช ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืžืื“ ื”ื™ื™-ื˜ืงื™ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™
04:52
that we're using to stop the trafficking.
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ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืฉืชืžืฉื™ื ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืขืฆื•ืจ ืกื—ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™.
04:55
The bad news is,
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ื”ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช ื”ืจืขื•ืช ื”ืŸ,
04:56
this is a semi-submersible run by drug cartels.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ื—ืฆื™-ืฆื•ืœืœืช ืฉืžืฉื•ืžืฉืช ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืงืจื˜ืœ ืกืžื™ื.
05:02
It was built in the jungles of South America.
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ื”ื™ื ื ื‘ื ืชื” ื‘ื’'ื•ื ื’ืœื™ื ืฉืœ ื“ืจื•ื-ืืžืจื™ืงื”.
05:06
We caught it with that low-tech raft โ€” (Laughter) โ€”
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ืชืคืกื ื• ืื•ืชื” ืขื ื”ืจืคืกื•ื“ื” ื”ืœื ืžืฉื•ื›ืœืœืช ื”ื–ื• - (ืฆื—ื•ืง) -
05:11
and it was carrying six tons of cocaine.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ื ืฉืื” ืฉืฉื” ื˜ื•ื ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืงื•ืงืื™ืŸ.
05:15
Crew of four. Sophisticated communications sweep.
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ืฆื•ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืืจื‘ืขื”. ืฆื™ื•ื“ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžืชื•ื—ื›ื.
05:19
This kind of trafficking, in narcotics, in humans, in weapons,
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ืกื—ืจ ืœื ื—ื•ืงื™ ืฉื›ื–ื”, ื‘ืกืžื™ื, ื‘ื‘ื ื™-ืื“ื, ื‘ื ืฉืง,
05:25
God forbid, in weapons of mass destruction,
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ื—ืก ื•ื—ืœื™ืœื” ื‘ื ืฉืง ืœื”ืฉืžื“ื” ื”ืžื•ื ื™ืช,
05:27
is part of the threat to the global commons.
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ื”ื•ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืื™ื•ื ืขืœ ื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ.
05:30
And let's pull it together in Afghanistan today.
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ื‘ื•ืื• ื ื—ื‘ืจ ื”ื›ืœ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื.
05:34
This is a field of poppies in Afghanistan.
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ื–ื”ื• ืฉื“ื” ืคืจื’ื™ื ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ.
05:37
Eighty to 90 percent of the world's poppy,
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ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ืขื“ ืชืฉืขื™ื ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืžื”ืคืจื’ื™ื,
05:41
opium and heroin, comes out of Afghanistan.
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ื”ืื•ืคื™ื•ื ื•ื”ื”ืจื•ืื™ืŸ ื”ืขื•ืœืžื™ื™ื, ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืžืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ.
05:44
We also see there, of course, terrorism.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื ื’ื ื˜ืจื•ืจ, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ.
05:47
This is where al Qaeda is staged from.
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžืงื•ื ืžืžื ื• ื™ืฆื ืืœ-ืงืืขื™ื“ื”.
05:49
We also see a very strong insurgency embedded there.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื’ื ืžื’ืœื™ื ื”ืชืงื•ืžืžื•ืช ื—ื–ืงื” ืฉื.
05:54
So this terrorism concern is also part
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ื›ืš ืฉื”ื“ืื’ื” ื”ื–ื• ืžื˜ืจื•ืจ ื’ื ื”ื™ื
05:57
of the global commons, and what we must address.
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ื—ืœืง ืžื ื—ืœืช ื”ื›ืœืœ, ื•ืื™ืชื” ืขืœื™ื ื• ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“.
06:01
So here we are, 21st century.
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ืื– ื”ื ื” ืื ื—ื ื•, ื”ืžืื” ื”-21.
06:05
We know our 20th-century tools are not going to work.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืฉื›ืœื™ ื”ืžืื” ื”-20 ืฉืœื ื• ืœื ื™ืขื‘ื“ื•.
06:08
What should we do?
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ืžื” ื›ื“ืื™ ืœื ื• ืœืขืฉื•ืช?
06:11
I would argue that we will not deliver security
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
06:16
solely from the barrel of a gun.
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ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
06:18
We will not deliver security solely from the barrel of a gun.
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ืœื ื ื•ื›ืœ ืœืกืคืง ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืจืง ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื ื™ ืจื•ื‘ื™ื.
06:22
We will need the application of military force.
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ื ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ื•ื— ืฆื‘ืื™.
06:25
When we do it, we must do it well, and competently.
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื ืขืฉื” ื–ืืช, ื ื”ื™ื” ื—ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื–ืืช ื”ื™ื˜ื‘, ื•ื‘ืžื™ื•ืžื ื•ืช.
06:28
But my thesis is, open-source security is about international,
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ืื‘ืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื•ื, ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“-ืคืชื•ื— ืขื•ืกืง ื‘ืงื™ืฉื•ืจ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™,
06:35
interagency, private-public connection pulled together
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ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืชื™, ืื™ืฉื™-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื“ืจืš ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”ืชืงืฉืจื•ืช ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช
06:39
by this idea of strategic communication on the Internet.
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ื“ืจืš ื”ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜.
06:45
Let me give you a couple of examples of how this works in a positive way.
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ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื›ืžื” ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื–ื” ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืœื˜ื•ื‘ื”.
06:49
This is Afghanistan. These are Afghan soldiers.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ. ืืœื• ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืคื’ืื ื™ื™ื.
06:53
They are all holding books.
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื.
06:56
You should say, "That's odd. I thought I read that
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ืื•ืœื™ ืชื’ื™ื“ื• "ื–ื” ืžื•ื–ืจ. ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืงืจืืชื™
07:00
this demographic, young men and women
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ืฉื”ืฉื›ื‘ื” ื”ื“ืžื•ื’ืจืคื™ืช ื”ื–ื• ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ, ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ื•ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช
07:04
in their 20s and 30s, is largely illiterate in Afghanistan."
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ื‘ืฉื ื•ืช ื”-20 ื•ื”-30 ืฉืœื”ื, ื”ื™ื ื‘ืจื•ื‘ื” ืื ืืœืคื‘ื™ืชื™ืช".
07:09
You would be correct.
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ื•ืืชื ืชืฆื“ืงื•.
07:11
Eighty-five percent cannot read
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ืฉืžื•ื ื™ื ื•ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ืื—ื•ื–ื™ื ืื™ื ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื
07:13
when they enter the security forces of Afghanistan.
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ื›ืฉื”ื ืžืชื’ื™ื™ืกื™ื ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ.
07:16
Why? Because the Taliban withheld education
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ืœืžื”? ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื”ื˜ืืœื™ื‘ืŸ ืžื ืข ื—ื™ื ื•ืš
07:19
during the period of time in which these men and women
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ื‘ืžื”ืœืš ื”ืชืงื•ืคื” ืฉื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ื”ื ืฉื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืืœื”
07:22
would have learned to read.
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ื”ื™ื• ืœื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื.
07:24
So the question is, so,
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ื”ืฉืืœื” ืื ื›ืš ื”ื™ื
07:26
why are they all standing there holding books?
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ืžื“ื•ืข ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืฉื ื•ืื•ื—ื–ื™ื ื‘ืกืคืจื™ื?
07:29
The answer is, we are teaching them to read
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ื”ืชืฉื•ื‘ื” ื”ื™ื ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ืœืงืจื•ื
07:33
in literacy courses by NATO
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ื‘ืงื•ืจืกื™ื ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื•ื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืฉื ื™ืชื ื™ื ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื ืื˜"ื•
07:36
in partnership with private sector entities,
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ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ื’ื•ืจืžื™ื ื‘ืกืงื˜ื•ืจ ื”ืคืจื˜ื™,
07:39
in partnership with development agencies.
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ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืขื ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ืœืคื™ืชื•ื—.
07:43
We've taught well over 200,000 Afghan Security Forces
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ืœื™ืžื“ื ื• ื”ืจื‘ื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืž-200,000 ืื ืฉื™ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืืคื’ืื ื™ื
07:47
to read and write at a basic level.
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ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืจืžื” ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช.
07:50
When you can read and write in Afghanistan,
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ื‘ืจื’ืข ืฉืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ,
07:53
you will typically put a pen in your pocket.
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ืืชื ืœืจื•ื‘ ืชืฉื™ืžื• ืขื˜ ื‘ื›ื™ืกื›ื.
07:56
At the ceremonies, when these young men and women
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ื‘ื˜ืงืกื™ื, ื›ืืฉืจ ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืืœื• ืžืกื™ื™ืžื™ื ืืช ื”ืกืžื›ืชื,
07:58
graduate, they take that pen with great pride,
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ื”ื ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ืืช ื”ืขื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ื•ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืจื‘ื”
08:02
and put it in their pocket.
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ืฉืžื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื‘ื›ื™ืกื.
08:04
This is bringing together international
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ื–ื” ื ืงืจื ืœื”ื‘ื™ื ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื•ืช
08:07
โ€” there are 50 nations involved in this mission โ€”
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- ื™ืฉื ืŸ 50 ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื•ืช ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื• -
08:10
interagency โ€” these development agencies โ€”
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ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืชื™ - ืกื•ื›ื ื•ื™ื•ืช ื”ืคื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืœืœื• -
08:13
and private-public, to take on this kind of security.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืื™ืฉื™-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ืœืงื—ืช ืขืœ ืขืฆืžื ืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
08:17
Now, we are also teaching them combat skills, of course,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืฉืื ื• ืžืœืžื“ื™ื ืื•ืชื ื’ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืœื—ื™ืžื”,
08:20
but I would argue, open-source security
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ืื‘ืœ ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ, ืฉื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืงื•ื“-ืคืชื•ื—
08:23
means connecting in ways that create
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ืžืฉืžืขื• ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจื™ื ื‘ื“ืจื›ื™ื ืฉื™ื™ืฆืจื•
08:26
longer lasting security effect.
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ืืคืงื˜ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ื ื™ ืœื˜ื•ื•ื— ืืจื•ืš.
08:29
Here's another example.
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ื”ื ื” ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช.
08:31
This is a US Navy warship.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืกืคื™ื ืช ืžืœื—ืžื” ืฉืœ ื”ืฆื™ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™.
08:34
It's called the Comfort.
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ืฉืžื” Comfort (ื ื•ื—ื•ืช).
08:36
There's a sister ship called the Mercy.
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ื™ืฉ ื’ื ืกืคื™ื ื” ืื—ื•ืช ืฉืฉืžื” Mercy (ืจื—ืžื™ื).
08:39
They are hospital ships.
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ื”ืŸ ืกืคื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืชื™-ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
08:41
This one, the Comfort, operates throughout
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ื–ื•, ื”"ื ื•ื—ื•ืช", ืคื•ืขืœืช ื‘ืจื—ื‘ื™ ืื–ื•ืจ ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
08:43
the Caribbean and the coast of South America
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ื•ืœืื•ืจืš ื—ื•ืคื” ืฉืœ ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ื“ืจื•ืžื™ืช
08:47
conducting patient treatments.
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ื•ืžื˜ืคืœืช ื‘ื—ื•ืœื™ื.
08:49
On a typical cruise, they'll do 400,000 patient treatments.
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ื‘ืฉื™ื™ื˜ ื˜ื™ืคื•ืกื™ ื”ื ื™ื‘ืฆืขื• 400,000 ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื.
08:54
It is crewed not strictly by military
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ื”ื™ื ืื™ื ื” ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืžืื•ื™ื™ืฉืช ื‘ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื
08:57
but by a combination of humanitarian organizations:
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ืืœื ื‘ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ืฉืœ ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ื”ื•ืžื ื™ื™ื:
09:01
Operation Hope, Project Smile.
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"ืื•ืคืจื™ื™ืฉื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื•ืค", "ืคืจื•ื™ืงื˜ ืกืžื™ื™ืœ".
09:05
Other organizations send volunteers.
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ืืจื’ื•ื ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืฉื•ืœื—ื™ื ืžืชื ื“ื‘ื™ื.
09:08
Interagency physicians come out.
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ืจื•ืคืื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืชื™ื™ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื.
09:10
They're all part of this.
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ื”ื ื›ื•ืœื ื—ืœืง ืžื–ื”.
09:13
To give you one example of the impact this can have,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœืชืช ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ืื—ืช ืœื”ืฉืคืขื” ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืœื–ื”,
09:15
this little boy, eight years old,
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ื”ื™ืœื“ ื”ืงื˜ืŸ ื”ื–ื”, ื‘ืŸ ืฉืžื•ื ื”,
09:19
walked with his mother two days
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ื”ืœืš ืขื ืืžื• ื‘ืžืฉืš ื™ื•ืžื™ื™ื
09:22
to come to the eye clinic put on by the Comfort.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืจืคืืช ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ืงืžื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ื”"ื ื•ื—ื•ืช".
09:25
When he was fitted, over his extremely myopic eyes,
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ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืื™ืžื• ืœื•, ืœืขื™ื ื™ื• ืงืฆืจื•ืช ื”ืจืื™ื™ื” ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“,
09:30
he suddenly looked up and said,
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ื”ื•ื ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ ื•ืืžืจ,
09:33
"Mama, veo el mundo."
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"ืžืืžื, ื•ื•ื™ืื• ืืœ ืžื•ื ื“ื•".
09:37
"Mom, I see the world."
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"ืืžื, ืื ื™ ืจื•ืื” ืืช ื”ืขื•ืœื".
09:40
Multiply this by 400,000 patient treatments,
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ืชื›ืคื™ืœื• ืืช ื–ื” ื‘-400,000 ื˜ื™ืคื•ืœื™ื,
09:43
this private-public collaboration with security forces,
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ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืื™ืฉื™-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ,
09:48
and you begin to see the power
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ื•ืืชื ืžืชื—ื™ืœื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ืืช ื”ืขื•ืฆืžื”
09:50
of creating security in a very different way.
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ืฉืœ ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื“ืจืš ืื—ืจืช.
09:54
Here you see baseball players.
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ื›ืืŸ ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ.
09:58
Can you pick out the two US Army soldiers
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ืืชื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืืช ืฉื ื™ ื”ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ื
10:02
in this photograph?
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ื‘ืชืžื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•?
10:04
They are the two young men on either side
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ืืœื” ื”ื ืฉื ื™ ื”ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ืฉืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื™
10:06
of these young boys. This is part of a series
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ื”ื™ืœื“ื™ื ื”ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื”ืœืœื•. ื–ื”ื• ื—ืœืง ืžืกื“ืจืช
10:09
of baseball clinics, where we have explored collaboration
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ืžืจืคืื•ืช ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ, ืื™ืชืŸ ื‘ื“ืงื ื• ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ืคืขื•ืœื”
10:13
between Major League Baseball,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื™ื™ื’'ื•ืจ ืœื™ื’ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ,
10:15
the Department of State,
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ืžื—ืœืงืช ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื”,
10:16
who sets up the diplomatic piece of this,
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ืฉืžืืจื’ื ืช ืืช ื”ืฆื“ ื”ื“ื™ืคืœื•ืžื˜ื™ ืฉืœ ื–ื”,
10:19
military baseball players, who are real soldiers
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ืฉื—ืงื ื™ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื—ื™ื™ืœื™ื ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื
10:23
with real skills but participate in this mission,
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ืขื ื™ื›ื•ืœื•ืช ืืžื™ืชื™ื•ืช ืื‘ืœ ืœื•ืงื—ื™ื ื—ืœืง ื‘ืžืฉื™ืžื” ื”ื–ื•,
10:27
and they put on clinics
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ื•ื”ื ืžืงื™ืžื™ื ืžืจืคืื•ืช
10:29
throughout Latin America and the Caribbean,
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ืœื›ืœ ืื•ืจืš ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื”ืœื˜ื™ื ื™ืช ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื,
10:31
in Honduras, in Nicaragua,
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ื‘ื”ื•ื ื“ื•ืจืก, ื‘ื ื™ืงืจื’ื•ื•ืื”,
10:34
in all of the Central American and Caribbean nations
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ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืžื“ื™ื ื•ืช ื‘ืžืจื›ื– ืืžืจื™ืงื” ื•ื”ืงืจื™ื‘ื™ื™ื
10:39
where baseball is so popular,
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ื‘ื”ืŸ ื‘ื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืœ ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ืคื•ืคื•ืœืจื™,
10:41
and it creates security.
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ื•ื–ื” ื™ื•ืฆืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
10:43
It shows role models to young men and women
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ื–ื” ืžืกืคืง ืžื•ืฉืื™ื ืœื—ื™ืงื•ื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื’ื‘ืจื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื™ื ื•ื ืฉื™ื ืฆืขื™ืจื•ืช
10:45
about fitness and about life that I would argue
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ืขืœ ื›ื•ืฉืจ ื•ืขืœ ื”ื—ื™ื™ื, ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉืขื•ื–ืจื™ื
10:49
help create security for us.
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ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ืขื‘ื•ืจื ื•.
10:53
Another aspect of this partnership
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ืฆื“ ื ื•ืกืฃ ื‘ืฉื™ืชื•ืฃ ื”ืคืขื•ืœื” ื”ื–ื”
10:56
is in disaster relief.
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ื”ื•ื ืชืžื™ื›ื” ื‘ืžืงืจื™ ืืกื•ืŸ.
10:58
This is a US Air Force helicopter participating
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ื–ื”ื• ืžืกื•ืง ืฉืœ ื—ื™ืœ ื”ืื•ื™ืจ ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉืคื•ืขืœ
11:01
after the tsunami in 2004 which killed 250,000 people.
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ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื‘-2004 ื‘ื• ื ื”ืจื’ื• 250,000 ืื™ืฉ.
11:08
In each of these major disasters โ€” the tsunami in 2004,
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืืกื•ื ื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื”ืœืœื• - ื”ืฆื•ื ืืžื™ ื‘-2004,
11:13
250,000 dead, the Kashmiri earthquake in Pakistan, 2005,
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250,000 ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื, ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื”ืงืฉืžื™ืจื™ืช ื‘ืคืงื™ืกื˜ืืŸ ื‘-2005,
11:20
85,000 dead,
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85,000 ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื,
11:22
the Haitian earthquake, about 300,000 dead,
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ืจืขื™ื“ืช ื”ืื“ืžื” ื‘ื”ืื™ื˜ื™, ื›-300,000 ื”ืจื•ื’ื™ื,
11:26
more recently the awful earthquake-tsunami combination
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ื•ืœืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื ื•ืจื ืฉืœ ืจืขื™ื“ืช ืื“ืžื” ื•ืฆื•ื ืืžื™
11:31
which struck Japan and its nuclear industry โ€”
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ืฉื”ื›ื” ื‘ื™ืคืŸ ื•ื‘ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ื’ืจืขื™ื ื™ืช ืฉืœื” -
11:35
in all of these instances, we see partnerships
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ื‘ื›ืœ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ืžืงืจื™ื ื”ืืœื•, ืื ื• ืจื•ืื™ื ืฉื™ืชื•ืคื™-ืคืขื•ืœื”
11:38
between international actors,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื—ืงื ื™ื ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™ื™ื,
11:41
interagency, private-public working with security forces
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ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืชื™, ืื™ืฉื™-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“ ืขื ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
11:45
to respond to this kind of natural disaster.
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื’ื™ื‘ ืœืกื•ื’ ื›ื–ื” ืฉืœ ืืกื•ืŸ ื˜ื‘ืขื™.
11:49
So these are examples of this idea of open-source security.
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ืืœื• ื”ื ื“ื•ื’ืžืื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื”ื–ื” ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ืงื•ื“-ืคืชื•ื—.
11:53
We tie it together, increasingly, by doing things like this.
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ืื ื—ื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื ื–ืืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื™ื•ืชืจ ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉื›ืืœื•.
11:58
Now, you're looking at this thinking, "Ah, Admiral,
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืืชื ืจื•ืื™ื ืืช ื–ื” ื•ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ืœืขืฆืžื›ื, "ืื”, ืื“ืžื™ืจืœ,
12:01
these must be sea lanes of communication,
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ืืœื• ื‘ื•ื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื‘ืœื™ ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื™ืžื™ื™ื
12:04
or these might be fiber optic cables."
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ืื• ืื•ืœื™ ื›ื‘ืœื™ื ืžืกื™ื‘ื™ื ืื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ื"
12:07
No. This is a graphic of the world according to Twitter.
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ืœื. ื–ื”ื• ืžื™ืฆื’ ื’ืจืคื™ ืฉืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ืขืœ ืคื™ ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ.
12:12
Purple are tweets. Green are geolocation.
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ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืกื’ื•ืœ. ื‘ื™ืจื•ืง ืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื.
12:19
White is the synthesis.
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ื”ืกื™ื ืชื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื‘ืœื‘ืŸ.
12:21
It's a perfect evocation of that great population survey,
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ื–ื”ื• ื”ืžื™ืฆื’ ื”ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืกืงืจ ื”ืื•ื›ืœื•ืกื™ื” ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ,
12:25
the six largest nations in the world in descending order:
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ืฉืฉ ื”ืื•ืžื•ืช ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื‘ืกื“ืจ ื™ื•ืจื“:
12:28
China, India, Facebook, the United States,
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ืกื™ืŸ, ื”ื•ื“ื•, ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง, ืืจืฆื•ืช-ื”ื‘ืจื™ืช,
12:31
Twitter and Indonesia. (Laughter)
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ื˜ื•ื•ื™ื˜ืจ ื•ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
12:35
Why do we want to get in these nets?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืžืขื•ื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ืœื”ื›ื ืก ืœืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ืืœื•?
12:37
Why do we want to be involved?
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ืœืžื” ืื ื—ื ื• ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื?
12:39
We talked earlier about the Arab Spring,
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ื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ืงื•ื“ื ืขืœ ื”"ืื‘ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืจื‘ื™",
12:41
and the power of all this.
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ื•ื”ื›ื•ื— ืฉืœ ื›ืœ ื–ื”.
12:42
I'll give you another example,
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ืื ื™ ืืชืŸ ืœื›ื ื“ื•ื’ืžื ื ื•ืกืคืช,
12:44
and it's how you move this message.
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ื•ื”ื™ื ืื™ืš ืืชื ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื–ื”.
12:46
I gave a talk like this in London a while back
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ื ืชืชื™ ื”ืจืฆืื” ื›ื–ื• ื‘ืœื•ื ื“ื•ืŸ ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ื–ืžืŸ
12:48
about this point. I said, as I say to all of you,
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ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง ืขืœ ื–ื”. ืืžืจืชื™, ื›ืคื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืื•ืžืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื›ื,
12:52
I'm on Facebook. Friend me.
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ืื ื™ ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง. ืชืชื—ื‘ืจื• ืื™ืชื™.
12:54
Got a little laugh from the audience.
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ื”ืงื”ืœ ืฆื—ืง ืงืฆืช.
12:56
There was an article which was run by AP, on the wire.
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ื”ื™ืชื” ื›ืชื‘ื” ืฉื”ื•ื’ืฉื” ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ AP (ืืจื’ื•ืŸ ื—ื“ืฉื•ืช) ื‘ืฉื™ื“ื•ืจ.
13:01
Got picked up in two places in the world:
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ื”ื™ื ื ืงืœื˜ื” ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื•ืœื:
13:04
Finland and Indonesia.
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ื‘ืคื™ื ืœื ื“ ื•ื‘ืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื”.
13:06
The headline was: NATO Admiral Needs Friends.
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ื”ื›ื•ืชืจืช ื”ื™ืชื”: ืื“ืžื™ืจืœ ื‘ื ืื˜"ื• ืฆืจื™ืš ื—ื‘ืจื™ื.
13:10
(Laughter)
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(ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:11
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
13:14
Which I do. (Laughter)
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ื•ื–ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ. (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:16
And the story was a catalyst,
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ื•ื”ืกื™ืคื•ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื–ืจื–,
13:19
and the next morning I had hundreds
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ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจ ื”ืžื—ืจืช ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžืื•ืช ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช
13:22
of Facebook friend requests
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ื‘ืคื™ื™ืกื‘ื•ืง
13:23
from Indonesians and Finns,
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ืžืื ืฉื™ื ืžืื™ื ื“ื•ื ื–ื™ื” ื•ืžืคื™ื ืœื ื“,
13:26
mostly saying, "Admiral, we heard you need a friend,
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ืฉื‘ืจื•ื‘ื ืืžืจื• "ืื“ืžื™ืจืœ, ืฉืžืขื ื• ืฉืืชื” ืฆืจื™ืš ื—ื‘ืจ,
13:29
and oh, by the way, what is NATO?" (Laughter)
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ืื”, ื•ื“ืจืš-ืื’ื‘, ืžื” ื–ื” ื ืื˜"ื•?" (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:32
So ... (Laughter)
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ืื–.... (ืฆื—ื•ืง)
13:34
Yeah, we laugh, but this is how we move the message,
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ื›ืŸ, ืื ื—ื ื• ืฆื•ื—ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื–ื• ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžืขื‘ื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžืกืจ,
13:39
and moving that message is how we connect
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ื•ื”ืขื‘ืจืช ื”ืžืกืจ ื”ื™ื ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ืžื—ื‘ืจื™ื
13:41
international, interagency, private-public,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™, ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืชื™, ืื™ืฉื™-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
13:44
and these social nets to help create security.
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ื•ืืช ื”ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื”ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช ื”ืœืœื•, ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
13:48
Now, let me hit a somber note.
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ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ื”ืจืฉื• ืœื™ ืœื’ืขืช ื‘ื ื•ืฉื ืขืฆื•ื‘.
13:51
This is a photograph of a brave British soldier.
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ื–ื•ื”ื™ ืชืžื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืœ ื‘ืจื™ื˜ื™ ืืžื™ืฅ.
13:55
He's in the Scots Guards.
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ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืฉืžืจ ื”ืกืงื•ื˜ื™.
13:57
He's standing the watch in Helmand,
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ื”ื•ื ืฉื•ืžืจ ื‘ื”ืœืžื ื“,
13:59
in southern Afghanistan.
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ื‘ื“ืจื•ื ืืคื’ื ื™ืกื˜ืืŸ.
14:01
I put him here to remind us,
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ืฉืžืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืคื” ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื–ื›ื™ืจ ืœื ื•,
14:04
I would not want anyone to leave the room thinking
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ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืฉืื™ืฉ ื™ื™ืฆื ืžื”ื—ื“ืจ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื•
14:07
that we do not need capable, competent militaries
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ืฉืื™ื ื ื• ื–ืงื•ืงื™ื ืœื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ืžื•ื›ืฉืจื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืœื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช
14:11
who can create real military effect.
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ืฉื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืคืงื˜ ืฆื‘ืื™ ืืžื™ืชื™.
14:14
That is the core of who we are and what we do,
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ื–ื”ื• ืœื‘ ืœื™ื‘ื• ืฉืœ ืžื™ ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ื•ืžื” ืฉืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื,
14:18
and we do it to protect freedom, freedom of speech,
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ื•ืื ื—ื ื• ืขื•ืฉื™ื ื–ืืช ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืคืฉ, ื—ื•ืคืฉ ื”ื“ื™ื‘ื•ืจ,
14:22
all the things we treasure in our societies.
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ื•ื›ืœ ื”ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืื ื• ืžื—ืฉื™ื‘ื™ื ื‘ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ืฉืœื ื•.
14:25
But, you know, life is not an on-and-off switch.
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ืื‘ืœ, ืืชื ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืื™ื ื ืžืชื’ ื—ืฉืžืœื™.
14:29
You don't have to have a military that is either
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ืืชื ืœื ืฆืจื™ื›ื™ื ื›ื•ื— ืฆื‘ืื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ืื•
14:31
in hard combat or is in the barracks.
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ื‘ืงืจื‘ ืงืฉื” ืื• ื‘ืชื•ืš ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ื.
14:35
I would argue life is a rheostat.
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ืื ื™ ื˜ื•ืขืŸ ืฉื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ื ื ื’ื“ ืžืฉืชื ื”.
14:40
You have to dial it in,
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ืขืœื™ื›ื ืœืกื•ื‘ื‘ ื–ืืช ืคื ื™ืžื”,
14:42
and as I think about how we create security
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ื•ื›ืฉืื ื™ ื—ื•ืฉื‘ ืขืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืื ื• ื™ื•ืฆืจื™ื ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ
14:46
in this 21st century, there will be times
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ื‘ืžืื” ื”-21 ื”ื–ื•, ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื
14:48
when we will apply hard power in true war and crisis,
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ื‘ื”ื ื ืคืขื™ืœ ื›ื•ื— ื‘ืžืœื—ืžื” ืื• ืžืฉื‘ืจ,
14:53
but there will be many instances,
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ืื‘ืœ ื™ื”ื™ื• ืžืงืจื™ื ืจื‘ื™ื,
14:55
as we've talked about today,
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ื›ืคื™ ืฉื“ื™ื‘ืจื ื• ื›ื™ื•ื,
14:57
where our militaries can be part of creating
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ื‘ื”ื ื”ื›ื•ื—ื•ืช ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ื™ื ืฉืœื ื• ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืงื—ืช ื—ืœืง ื‘ื™ืฆื™ืจื”
15:00
21st-century security, international,
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ืฉืœ ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™,
15:04
interagency, private-public,
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ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืชื™, ืื™ืฉื™-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™,
15:07
connected with competent communication.
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ืฉืœ ื”ืžืื” ื”-21, ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืขื ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ืžื•ืฆืœื—ืช.
15:11
I would close by saying that we heard earlier today
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ืืกื›ื ื‘ื›ืš ืฉืื•ืžืจ ืฉืžื•ืงื“ื ื™ื•ืชืจ ื”ื™ื•ื
15:16
about Wikipedia. I use Wikipedia all the time
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ืฉืžืขื ื• ืขืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”. ืื ื™ ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื›ืœ ื”ื–ืžืŸ
15:20
to look up facts, and as all of you appreciate,
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ื›ื“ื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืžื™ื“ืข, ื•ื›ืคื™ ืฉื›ื•ืœื›ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื”ืขืจื™ืš,
15:23
Wikipedia is not created by 12 brilliant people
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ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ืื™ื ื” ืžื™ื•ืฆืจืช ืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ 12 ืื ืฉื™ื ืžื‘ืจื™ืงื™ื
15:27
locked in a room writing articles.
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ื”ืกื’ื•ืจื™ื ื‘ื—ื“ืจ ื•ื›ื•ืชื‘ื™ื ืžืืžืจื™ื.
15:30
Wikipedia, every day, is tens of thousands of people
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ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื, ื”ื™ื ืขืฉืจื•ืช ืืœืคื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
15:33
inputting information, and every day millions of people
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ืฉืžื›ื ื™ืกื™ื ืžื™ื“ืข, ื•ื‘ื›ืœ ื™ื•ื ืžื™ืœื™ื•ื ื™ ืื ืฉื™ื
15:38
withdrawing that information.
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ืžื—ืœืฆื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื™ื“ืข ื”ื–ื” ืžืฉื.
15:40
It's a perfect image for the fundamental point
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ื–ื”ื• ื“ื™ืžื•ื™ ืžื•ืฉืœื ืœืขื•ื‘ื“ื” ื”ื‘ืกื™ืกื™ืช
15:44
that no one of us is as smart as all of us thinking together.
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ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืืชื ื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื›ื ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื”ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
15:48
No one person, no one alliance, no one nation,
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ืฉื•ื ืื™ืฉ ืื—ื“, ืฉื•ื ื‘ืจื™ืช ืื—ืช, ืฉื•ื ืื•ืžื” ืื—ืช,
15:52
no one of us is as smart as all of us thinking together.
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ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืื™ืชื ื• ืื™ื ื• ื—ื›ื ื›ืžื• ื›ื•ืœื ื• ื™ื—ื“ื™ื• ื—ื•ืฉื‘ื™ื ื‘ื™ื—ื“.
15:57
The vision statement of Wikipedia is very simple:
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ื”ื—ื–ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืฉืœ ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื” ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืžืื“:
16:01
a world in which every human being can freely share
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ืขื•ืœื ื‘ื• ื›ืœ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื—ืœื•ืง ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื•ืคืฉื™
16:04
in the sum of all knowledge.
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ืืช ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื“ืข.
16:06
My thesis for you is that by combining international,
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ื”ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื™ ืขื‘ื•ืจื›ื ื”ื•ื ืฉืขืœ-ื™ื“ื™ ืฉื™ืœื•ื‘ ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืœืื•ืžื™,
16:10
interagency, private-public, strategic communication,
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ื”ื‘ื™ืŸ-ืกื•ื›ื ื•ืชื™, ื”ืื™ืฉื™-ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™, ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื”ืืกื˜ืจื˜ื’ื™ืช,
16:15
together, in this 21st century,
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ื‘ื™ื—ื“, ื‘ืžืื” ื”-21 ื”ื–ื•,
16:18
we can create the sum of all security.
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ืื ื• ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœื™ืฆื•ืจ ืืช ืกืš ื›ืœ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื—ื•ืŸ.
16:21
Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
16:24
Thank you very much. Thank you. Thank you. (Applause)
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ืชื•ื“ื” ืจื‘ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”. ืชื•ื“ื”. (ืžื—ื™ืื•ืช ื›ืคื™ื™ื)
ืขืœ ืืชืจ ื–ื”

ืืชืจ ื–ื” ื™ืฆื™ื’ ื‘ืคื ื™ื›ื ืกืจื˜ื•ื ื™ YouTube ื”ืžื•ืขื™ืœื™ื ืœืœื™ืžื•ื“ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช. ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืขื•ืจื™ ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ืžื•ืจื™ื ืžื”ืฉื•ืจื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืžืจื—ื‘ื™ ื”ืขื•ืœื. ืœื—ืฅ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช ื”ืžื•ืฆื’ื•ืช ื‘ื›ืœ ื“ืฃ ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ืกืจื˜ื•ืŸ ืžืฉื. ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื™ื•ืช ื’ื•ืœืœื•ืช ื‘ืกื ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืขื ื”ืคืขืœืช ื”ื•ื•ื™ื“ืื•. ืื ื™ืฉ ืœืš ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืื• ื‘ืงืฉื•ืช, ืื ื ืฆื•ืจ ืื™ืชื ื• ืงืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ื˜ื•ืคืก ื™ืฆื™ืจืช ืงืฉืจ ื–ื”.

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