Social Services Are Broken. How We Can Fix Them | Hilary Cottam | TED.com

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović

I want to tell you three stories

Želim da vam ispričam tri priče

about the power of relationships

o moći odnosa

to solve the deep and complex social problems of this century.

u rešavanju dubokih i kompleksnih socijalnih problema ovog veka.

You know, sometimes it seems like all these problems

Znate, nekada se čini kao da su svi ti problemi

of poverty, inequality, ill health, unemployment, violence, addiction --

siromaštva, nejednakosti, lošeg zdravlja, nezaposlenosti, nasilja, zavisnosti -

they're right there in one person's life.

nalaze baš tamo u životu osobe.

So I want to tell you about someone like this that I know.

Stoga želim da vam govorim o nekome ovakvom koga poznajem.

I'm going to call her Ella.

Zvaću je Ela.

Ella lives in a British city on a run down estate.

Ela živi u britanskom gradu na zapuštenom posedu.

The shops are closed, the pub's gone,

Prodavnice su zatvorene, kafana propala,

the playground's pretty desolate and never used,

igralište je prilično zapušteno i nikada se ne koristi,

and inside Ella's house, the tension is palpable

a unutar Eline kuće, napetost je opipljiva,

and the noise levels are deafening.

a nivo buke je zaglušujući.

The TV's on at full volume.

TV je pojačan do kraja.

One of her sons is fighting with one of her daughters.

Jedan od njenih sinova se tuče sa jednom od njenih ćerki.

Another son, Ryan, is keeping up this constant stream of abuse from the kitchen,

Drugi sin, Rajan, nastavlja konstantan tok zlostavljanja iz kuhinje,

and the dogs are locked behind the bedroom door and straining.

a psi su zaključani iza vrata spavaće sobe i napeti.

Ella is stuck.

Ela je u škripcu.

She has lived with crisis for 40 years.

Ona živi u krizi 40 godina.

She knows nothing else, and she knows no way out.

Ne zna ni za šta drugo, i ne zna za izlaz iz toga.

She's had a whole series of abusive partners,

Imala je čitav niz nasilnih partnera

and, tragically, one of her children has been taken into care by social services.

i što je tragično, jedno od njene dece je zbrinula socijalna služba.

The three children that still live with her

Troje dece koja i dalje žive sa njom

suffer from a whole range of problems, and none of them are in education.

pate od čitavog niza problema i nijedno nije u sistemu obrazovanja.

And Ella says to me that she is repeating the cycle

Ela mi kaže da ona ponavlja ciklus

of her own mother's life before her.

života njene majke pre nje.

But when I met Ella, there were 73 different services

Međutim, kada sam upoznala Elu, postojale su 73 različite usluge

on offer for her and her family in the city where she lives,

u ponudi za nju i njenu porodicu u gradu u kome živi,

73 different services run out of 24 departments in one city,

73 različite usluge koje sprovodi 24 odeljenja u jednom gradu,

and Ella and her partners and her children were known to most of them.

a Ela, njeni partneri i deca bili su poznati većini njih.

They think nothing of calling social services

Za njih je uobičajena stvar pozvati socijalnu službu

to try and mediate one of the many arguments that broke out.

radi pokušaja posredovanja u jednom od mnogih nastalih rasprava.

And the family home was visited on a regular basis by social workers,

Porodičnu kuću redovno posećuju socijalni radnici,

youth workers, a health officer, a housing officer, a home tutor

omladinski radnici, zdravstveni radnik, službenik za pitanje stanovanja,

privatni učitelj i lokalni policajac.

and the local policemen.

And the governments say that there are 100,000 families

Vlada kaže da postoji 100 000 porodica

in Britain today like Ella's,

poput Eline u Britaniji danas,

struggling to break the cycle of economic, social and environmental deprivation.

koje se bore da prekinu ciklus lišavanja u smislu ekonomije, društva i okoline.

And they also say that managing this problem

Takođe kažu i da rukovođenje ovim problemom

costs a quarter of a million pounds per family per year

košta četvrt miliona funti godišnje po porodici,

and yet nothing changes.

a ipak, ništa se ne menja.

None of these well-meaning visitors are making a difference.

Nijedan od tih dobronamernih posetilaca ne donosi promenu.

This is a chart we made in the same city with another family like Ella's.

Ovo je tabela koju smo napravili u istom gradu

sa drugom porodicom poput Eline.

This shows 30 years of intervention in that family's life.

Ovo pokazuje 30 godina intervencija u životu te porodice.

And just as with Ella, not one of these interventions is part of an overall plan.

Kao i kod Ele,

nijedna od tih intervencija nije deo obuhvatnog plana.

There's no end goal in sight.

Nema krajnjeg cilja na vidiku.

Nijedna od intervencija se ne bavi problemima koji se nalaze u osnovi.

None of the interventions are dealing with the underlying issues.

These are just containment measures, ways of managing a problem.

To su samo mere suzbijanja, načini upravljanja problemom.

One of the policemen says to me,

Jedan od policajaca mi kaže:

„Vidite, ja samo dostavim poruku i onda idem.“

"Look, I just deliver the message and then I leave."

So, I've spent time living with families like Ella's

Provela sam vreme živeći sa porodicama poput Eline

in different parts of the world,

u različitim delovima sveta,

because I want to know: what can we learn

jer želim da znam šta možemo da naučimo

from places where our social institutions just aren't working?

iz mesta gde naše socijalne institucije jednostavno ne funkcionišu.

I want to know what it feels like to live in Ella's family.

Želim da znam kako izgleda živeti u Elinoj porodici.

I want to know what's going on and what we can do differently.

Želim da znam šta se dešava i šta možemo da uradimo drugačije.

Well, the first thing I learned is that cost is a really slippery concept.

Pa, prva stvar koju sam saznala je da je trošak zaista nezgodan koncept,

Because when the government says that a family like Ella's

jer kada vlada kaže da porodice poput Eline

koštaju četvt miliona funti godišnje da bi se nadgledale,

costs a quarter of a million pounds a year to manage,

ono što to zaista znači

what it really means

is that this system costs a quarter of a million pounds a year.

je da ovaj sistem košta četvrt miliona funti godišnje,

zato što nijedan peni od tog novca zapravo ne doseže do Eline porodice

Because not one penny of this money actually touches Ella's family

in a way that makes a difference.

na način koji je od značaja.

Instead, the system is just like this costly gyroscope

Umesto toga, sistem je baš kao skupi žiroskop

that spins around the families, keeping them stuck at its heart,

koji se obrće oko porodica, drži ih zaglavljene u svom središtu,

exactly where they are.

baš tamo gde se nalaze.

And I also spent time with the frontline workers,

Takođe sam provodila vreme sa radnicima iz prvih redova,

and I learned that it is an impossible situation.

i saznala sam da je to nemoguća situacija.

So Tom, who is the social worker for Ella's 14-year-old son Ryan,

Tako Tom, koji je socijalni radnik Elinog 14-ogodišnjeg sina Rajana,

has to spend 86 percent of his time servicing the system:

mora da provede 86 posto svog vremena u službi sistema:

meetings with colleagues, filling out forms,

sastanci sa kolegama, popunjavanje obrazaca,

još sastanaka sa kolegama radi diskusije o obrascima,

more meetings with colleagues to discuss the forms,

and maybe most shockingly,

a možda najšokantnije,

the 14 percent of the time he has to be with Ryan

14 posto vremena koje on mora da provede sa Rajanom

provedeno je u pribavljanju podataka i informacija za sistem.

is spent getting data and information for the system.

So he says to Ryan,

Tako, on govori Rajanu:

"How often have you been smoking? Have you been drinking?

„Koliko često pušiš? Jesi li pio? Kada si išao u školu?“,

When did you go to school?"

a ovakva vrsta interakcije isključuje mogućnost

And this kind of interaction rules out the possibility

of a normal conversation.

normalnog razgovora.

It rules out the possibility of what's needed

Isključuje mogućnost onoga što je potrebno

da bi se izgradio odnos između Toma i Rajana.

to build a relationship between Tom and Ryan.

When we made this chart,

Kada smo napravili ovaj grafikon,

the frontline workers, the professionals --

radnici iz prvih redova, profesionalci -

they stared at it absolutely amazed.

zurili su u njega potpuno zapanjeni.

It snaked around the walls of their offices.

Vukao se po njihovim kancelarijama.

So many hours, so well meant, but ultimately so futile.

Toliko mnogo sati, sa tako dobrom voljom, ali na kraju tako uzaludno.

And there was this moment of absolute breakdown,

Nastao je momenat apsolutnog raspada,

and then of clarity:

a zatim jasnoće -

we had to work in a different way.

moramo da radimo na drugi način.

So in a really brave step, the leaders of the city where Ella lives

Tako su se zaista hrabrim korakom, predvodnici grada u kome Ela živi

agreed that we could start by reversing Ryan's ratio.

složili da možemo otpočeti promenom srazmere vremena sa Rajanom.

So everyone who came into contact with Ella or a family like Ella's

Dakle, svi koji su došli u kontakt sa Elom ili porodicom poput Eline

would spend 80 percent of their time working with the families

proveli bi 80 posto svog vremena radeći sa porodicama

and only 20 percent servicing the system.

i samo 20 posto u službi sistema.

And even more radically,

Čak i drastičnije,

the families would lead

porodice bi predvodile

and they would decide who was in a best position to help them.

i one bi odlučivale o tome ko je u najboljoj poziciji da im pomogne.

So Ella and another mother were asked to be part of an interview panel,

Od Ele i još jedne majke je zatraženo da budu deo odbora za ispitivanje,

to choose from amongst the existing professionals

da odaberu među postojećim profesionalcima

who would work with them.

ko bi radio sa njima.

And many, many people wanted to join us,

I mnogi, mnogi ljudi su želeli da nam se pridruže,

because you don't go into this kind of work to manage a system,

jer ne odlazite u ovakav posao da biste se bavili sistemom;

you go in because you can and you want to make a difference.

ulazite jer možete i želite da donesete promenu.

So Ella and the mother asked everybody who came through the door,

Ela i ta majka su upitale svakoga ko je prošao kroz vrata:

"What will you do when my son starts kicking me?"

„Šta ćete uraditi kada moj sin počne da me šutira?“

And so the first person who comes in says,

Prva osoba koja je ušla kaže:

„Pa, potražiću unaokolo najbliži izlaz

"Well, I'll look around for the nearest exit

and I will back out very slowly,

i povući ću se veoma polako,

a ako se buka nastavi, pozvaću svog nadređenog.“

and if the noise is still going on, I'll call my supervisor."

A majke krenu: „Ti si sistem. Izlazi odavde!“

And the mothers go, "You're the system. Get out of here!"

And then the next person who comes is a policeman, and he says,

Zatim, sledeća osoba koja ulazi je policajac i on kaže:

"Well, I'll tackle your son to the ground and then I'm not sure what I'll do."

„Pa, oboriću vašeg sina na zemlju i onda nisam siguran šta ću“,

And the mothers say, "Thank you."

a majke kažu: „Hvala.“

So, they chose professionals who confessed

Dakle, odabrale su profesionalca koji je priznao

they didn't necessarily have the answers,

da nema nužno sve odgovore, koji je rekao -

who said -- well, they weren't going to talk in jargon.

pa, nisu hteli da pričaju žargonski.

They showed their human qualities and convinced the mothers

Pokazali su svoje ljudske kvalitete i ubedili majke

da će ostati sa njima u dobru i u zlu, iako neće biti blagi prema njima.

that they would stick with them through thick and thin,

even though they wouldn't be soft with them.

Ovi novi timovi i porodice

So these new teams and the families

were then given a sliver of the former budget,

zatim su dobili delić pređašnjeg budžeta,

ali mogli su da potroše novac na bilo koji način da odaberu.

but they could spend the money in any way they chose.

Tako je jedna od porodica otišla na večeru.

And so one of the families went out for supper.

They went to McDonald's and they sat down and they talked and they listened

Otišli su u Mekdonalds, seli, pričali i slušali

po prvi put posle mnogo vremena.

for the first time in a long time.

Druga porodica je pitala tim

Another family asked the team

if they would help them do up their home.

da li bi im pomogli da doteraju svoj dom,

And one mother took the money

a jedna majka je uzela novac

and she used it as a float to start a social enterprise.

i iskoristila ga kao ulog da započne društveno preduzeće.

And in a really short space of time,

I za vrlo kratko vreme,

something new started to grow:

nešto novo je počelo da nastaje -

a relationship between the team and the workers.

odnos između tima i radnika.

And then some remarkable changes took place.

Potom su se odigrale neke izuzetne promene.

Maybe it's not surprising

Možda ne iznenađuje

that the journey for Ella has had some big steps backwards

da je putovanje za Elu obuhvatalo neke velike korake unazad, kao i unapred.

as well as forwards.

But today, she's completed an IT training course,

Međutim, danas, ona je završila kurs obuke informacionih tehnologija,

she has her first paid job, her children are back in school,

ima svoj prvi plaćeni posao, njena deca su ponovo u školi,

and the neighbors,

a komšije, koje su se prethodno nadale

who previously just hoped this family would be moved anywhere

da će se ta porodica preseliti bilo gde osim pored njih,

except next door to them,

are fine.

su u redu.

They've made some new friendships.

Stekli su neka nova prijateljstva.

And all the same people have been involved in this transformation --

A potpuno isti ljudi su bili uključeni u ovoj tranformaciji -

same families, same workers.

iste porodice, isti radnici.

But the relationship between them has been supported to change.

Odnos između njih, međutim, imao je podršku da se promeni.

So I'm telling you about Ella because I think that relationships

Dakle, govorim vam o Eli jer mislim da je odnos

are the critical resource we have

odlučujuće sredstvo koje imamo

in solving some of these intractable problems.

u rešavanju nekih od ovih upornih problema.

Ipak, danas, naši odnosi su sve sem otpisani

But today, our relationships are all but written off

by our politics, our social policies, our welfare institutions.

zbog naše politike, naših socijalnih strategija,

naših institucija socijalne pomoći.

And I've learned that this really has to change.

Saznala sam da to zaista mora da se promeni.

So what do I mean by relationships?

Dakle, šta podrazumevam pod odnosom?

I'm talking about the simple human bonds between us,

Govorim o jednostavnim ljudskim sponama između nas, autentičnom osećaju

a kind of authentic sense of connection, of belonging,

povezanosti, pripadanja,

the bonds that make us happy, that support us to change,

sponama koje nas usrećuju, koje nam pomažu da se promenimo,

to be brave like Ella and try something new.

da budemo hrabri kao Ela i pokušamo nešto novo.

And, you know, it's no accident

Znate, nije slučajnost

that those who run and work in the institutions

to što oni koji vode institucije i rade u njima,

that are supposed to support Ella and her family

a koji treba da podrže Elu i njenu porodicu,

don't talk about relationships,

ne govore o odnosu,

because relationships are expressly designed out of a welfare model

jer odnos je izričito izbačen iz modela socijalne zaštite

that was drawn up in Britain and exported around the world.

koji je sačinjen u Britaniji i izvezen širom sveta.

The contemporaries of William Beveridge,

Savremenici Vilijema Beveridža,

who was the architect of the first welfare state

koji je bio tvorac prve države blagostanja

and the author of the Beveridge Report,

i autor „Beveridžovog izveštaja“,

had little faith in what they called the average sensual or emotional man.

nisu imali poverenja u ono što su nazivali

prosečnim senzualnim ili emocionalnim čovekom.

Instead, they trusted this idea of the impersonal system

Umesto toga, verovali su u ideju bezličnog sistema

and the bureaucrat who would be detached and work in this system.

i birokrate koji bi bio odvojen i radio u tom sistemu.

And the impact of Beveridge

A uticaj Beveridža

na način na koji moderna država sagledava socijalna pitanja

on the way the modern state sees social issues

just can't be underestimated.

jednostavno se ne može potceniti.

The Beveridge Report sold over 100,000 copies

Izveštaj Beveridž je prodat u preko 100 000 primeraka

in the first weeks of publication alone.

samo prve nedelje od objavljivanja.

Ljudi su u redovima čekali na kiši u novembru da se domognu svog primerka

People queued in the rain on a November night to get hold of a copy,

and it was read across the country, across the colonies, across Europe,

i čitao se širom zemlje, kolonija, Evrope,

širom Sjedinjenih Američkih Država

across the United States of America,

i imao je ogroman uticaj

and it had this huge impact

on the way that welfare states were designed around the globe.

na način na koji su države blagostanja osnivane širom zemljine kugle.

The cultures, the bureaucracies, the institutions -- they are global,

Kulture, birokratije, institucije - one su globalne

and they've come to seem like common sense.

i počele su da deluju zdravorazumski.

They've become so ingrained in us,

Postale su tako ukorenjene u nama,

that actually we don't even see them anymore.

da ih zapravo više i ne primećujemo.

And I think it's really important to say that in the 20th century,

Mislim da je zaista važno reći da su u 20. veku

they were remarkably successful, these institutions.

te institucije bile izuzetno uspešne.

They led to longer lifespans, the eradication of mass disease,

Dovele su do dužeg životnog veka, iskorenjivanja masovnih oboljenja,

mass housing, almost universal education.

masovnog obezbeđivanja stanova, skoro univerzalnog obrazovanja.

But at the same time,

Ipak, istovremeno,

Beveridge sowed the seeds of today's challenges.

Beveridž je posejao seme današnjih izazova.

So let me tell you a second story.

Dozvolite da vam ispričam drugu priču.

What do you think today is a bigger killer than a lifetime of smoking?

Šta mislite da je danas veći ubica od celoživotnog pušenja?

It's loneliness.

To je usamljenost.

According to government statistics, one person over 60 -- one in three --

Prema vladinim statističkim podacima,

jedna osoba preko 60 godina - jedna od tri -

doesn't speak to or see another person in a week.

ne govori sa drugom osobom niti je viđa tokom nedelju dana.

One person in 10, that's 850,000 people,

Jedna osoba od 10, to je 850 000 ljudi,

doesn't speak to anyone else in a month.

ne govori ni sa kim u toku jednog meseca.

And we're not the only people with this problem;

A mi nismo jedini sa ovim problemom:

ovaj problem se tiče celog zapadnog sveta.

this problem touches the whole of the Western world.

And it's even more acute in countries like China,

Čak je izraženiji u zemljama poput Kine,

where a process of rapid urbanization, mass migration, has left older people

gde je proces ubrzane urbanizacije, masovne migracije, ostavio stare ljude

alone in the villages.

same u selima.

And so the services that Beveridge designed and exported --

Usluge koje je Beveridž osmislio i izvezao -

they can't address this kind of problem.

one se ne mogu primeniti na takvom problemu.

Loneliness is like a collective relational challenge,

Usamljenost je poput kolektivnog izazova u odnosima

and it can't be addressed by a traditional bureaucratic response.

i ne može se njome baviti tradicionalnim birokratskim odgovorima.

So some years ago, wanting to understand this problem,

Pre nekoliko godina, želeći da razumem ovaj problem,

I started to work with a group of about 60 older people

počela sam da radim sa grupom od oko 60 starijih ljudi

in South London, where I live.

u južnom Londonu, gde živim.

I went shopping, I played bingo,

Išla sam u kupovinu, igrala sam bingo,

but mainly I was just observing and listening.

ali većinom sam samo posmatrala i slušala.

I wanted to know what we could do differently.

Htela sam da znam šta je to što možemo drugačije.

And if you ask them, people tell you they want two things.

Ako ih upitate, ljudi vam kažu da žele dve stvari.

They want somebody to go up a ladder and change a light bulb,

Žele nekog da se popne uz merdevine i promeni sijalicu,

or to be there when they come out of hospital.

ili da bude uz njih kada izađu iz bolnice.

They want on-demand, practical support.

Oni žele praktičnu podršku na zahtev

And they want to have fun.

i žele da se zabave.

They want to go out, do interesting things with like-minded people,

Žele da izađu, da rade zanimljive stvari sa istomišljenicima,

i da stiču prijatelje kao i svi mi u svakoj fazi našeg života.

and make friends like we've all made friends at every stage of our lives.

So we rented a phone line, hired a couple of handymen,

Tako smo iznajmili telefonsku liniju, unajmili par majstora

and started a service we called "Circle."

i započeli uslugu koju smo nazvali „Krug“.

And Circle offers its local membership a toll-free 0 800 number

„Krug“ nudi lokalnom članstvu besplatan poziv na 0800 broj

that they can call on demand for any support.

koji mogu da pozovu i zatraže bilo kakvu pomoć.

And people have called us for so many reasons.

Ljudi su nas zvali zbog toliko razloga.

They've called because their pets are unwell,

Zvali su jer njihovim ljubimcima nije dobro, DVD se pokvario,

their DVD is broken, they've forgotten how to use their mobile phone,

zaboravili su kako da koriste mobilni telefon,

or maybe they are coming out of hospital

ili možda izlaze iz bolnice

i hoće da neko bude tu za njih.

and they want someone to be there.

And Circle also offers a rich social calendar --

„Krug“ takođe nudi bogati društveni kalendar -

knitting, darts, museum tours, hot air ballooning -- you name it.

pletenje, pikado, obilasci muzeja, vožnje balonom - samo kažite.

But here's the interesting thing, the really deep change:

A evo zanimljivosti, zaista duboke promene -

over time, the friendships that have formed

vremenom su prijateljstva koja su nastala

have begun to replace the practical offer.

počela da zamenjuju stvarnu ponudu.

So let me tell you about Belinda.

Dozvolite da vam govorim o Belindi.

Belinda's a Circle member, and she was going into hospital for a hip operation,

Belinda je član „Kruga“ i išla je u bolnicu zbog operacije kuka,

so she called her local Circle to say they wouldn't see her for a bit.

pa je pozvala svoj lokalni „Krug“ da kaže da je neće viđati neko vreme.

And Damon, who runs the local Circle, calls her back and says, "How can I help?"

Dejmon, koji vodi lokalni „Krug“, nazove je i pita: „Kako mogu da pomognem?“

And Belinda says, "Oh no, I'm fine --

Belinda kaže: „O, neka, dobro sam -

Jocelyn is doing the shopping, Tony's doing the gardening,

Džoslin ide u kupovinu, Toni će se pobrinuti za baštu,

Melissa and Joe are going to come in and cook and chat."

Melisa i Džo će dolaziti da kuvaju i ćaskaju.“

Dakle, pet članova „Kruga“ se organizovalo

So five Circle members had organized themselves

to take care of Belinda.

da se staraju o Belindi.

And Belinda's 80, although she says that she feels 25 inside,

Belinda ima 80 godina, mada kaže da se iznutra oseća kao da ima 25,

but she also says

ali takođe kaže

that she felt stuck and pretty down when she joined Circle.

da se osećala zaglavljeno i prilično loše kada se priključila „Krugu“.

Međutim, jednostavan čin podstrekivanja da dođe na to prvo dešavanje

But the simple act of encouraging her to come along to that first event

led to a process where natural friendships formed,

doveo je do procesa u kome su nastala prirodna prijateljstva,

friendships that today are replacing the need for expensive services.

prijateljstva koja danas zamenjuju potrebu za skupim uslugama.

It's relationships that are making the difference.

Odnosi su ti koji znače.

So I think that three factors have converged

Mislim da su se približila tri faktora

that enable us to put relationships at the heart and center

koja nam omogućavaju da stavimo odnose u jezgro i središte

of how we solve social problems today.

načina na koji danas rešavamo socijalne probleme.

Firstly, the nature of the problems --

Prvo - priroda problema -

they've changed, and they require different solutions.

promenili su se i zahtevaju drugačija rešenja.

Secondly, the cost, human as much as financial, of doing business as usual.

Drugo, trošak, ljudski kao i finansijski, obavljanja posla kao i obično.

And thirdly, technology.

I treće, tehnologija.

I've talked about the first two factors.

Govorila sam o prva dva faktora.

It's technology that enables these approaches to scale

Tehnologija je ta koja omogućava ovim pristupima da odrede meru

and potentially now support thousands of people.

i da sada potencijalno podrže hiljade ljudi.

So the technology we've used is really simple,

Tehnologija koju smo koristili je vrlo jednostavna,

it's made up of available things like databases, mobile phones.

sastoji se od dostupnih stvari poput baza podataka, mobilnih telefona.

Circle has got this very simple system that underpins it,

„Krug“ ima veoma jednostavan sistem koji ga podupire,

enables a small local team to support a membership of up to a thousand.

omogućava malom lokalnom timu da podrži i do hiljadu članova.

And you can contrast this with a neighborhood organization

Možete ovo uporediti sa susedskom organizacijom iz 1970-ih,

of the 1970s,

kada ovakve razmere nisu bile moguće, kao ni kvalitet ni dugotrajnost

when this kind of scale just wasn't possible,

neither was the quality or the longevity that the spine of technology can provide.

koju može da pruži tehnologija kao oslonac.

So it's relationships underpinned by technology

Dakle, odnos poduprt tehnologijom

that can turn the Beveridge models on their heads.

je ono što može da preokrene Beveridžove modele.

The Beveridge models are all about institutions with finite resources,

Beveridžovi modeli su vezani za institucije i ograničene resurse,

anonymously managing access.

anonimno upravljajući pristupom.

In my work at the front line,

U svom radu u prvim redovima,

I've seen again and again how up to 80 percent of resource

iznova i iznova sam viđala kako je i do 80 posto sredstava

is spent keeping people out.

potrošeno da bi se ljudi držali izvan.

So professionals have to administer

Tako profesionalci moraju da primenjuju

these increasingly complex forms of administration

sve kompleksnije oblike administracije,

that are basically about stopping people accessing the service

koji se u suštini svode na sprečavanje ljudi da pristupe usluzi

or managing the queue.

ili upravljanje redovima,

And Circle, like the relational services that we and others have designed,

a „Krug“, kao relacione usluge koje smo mi i drugi osmislili,

inverts this logic.

preokreće ovu logiku.

What it says is, the more people, the more relationships,

Ono što on kaže je - što je više ljudi, što je više odnosa,

the stronger the solution.

utoliko je jače rešenje.

So I want to tell you my third and final story,

Želim da vam ispričam svoju treću i poslednju priču,

which is about unemployment.

a ona je o nezaposlenosti.

In Britain, as in most places in the world,

U Britaniji, kao i u većini mesta na svetu,

our welfare states were primarily designed

naše države blagostanja primarno su osmišljene

to get people into work,

tako da dovedu ljude do posla,

to educate them for this,

da ih obrazuju za to,

and to keep them healthy.

i da ih održe zdravim.

But here, too, the systems are failing.

Ipak, sistemi su ovde takođe neuspešni.

And so the response has been

Odgovor je bio

to try and make these old systems even more efficient and transactional --

da pokušamo da učinimo te stare sisteme još efikasnijim i izvršnijim -

to speed up processing times, divide people into ever-smaller categories,

da ubrzamo vreme obrađivanja, podelimo ljude u što manje kategorije,

try and target services at them more efficiently -- in other words,

da pokušamo da efikasnije usmerimo usluge na njih - drugim rečima,

the very opposite of relational.

sasvim suprotno relacionom.

But guess how most people find work today?

A pogodite kako većina ljudi nalazi posao danas?

Through word of mouth.

Načuju od drugih.

It turns out that in Britain today, most new jobs are not advertised.

Ispostavlja se da se danas u Britaniji većina novih poslova ne oglašava.

So it's friends that tell you about a job,

Dakle, prijatelji vam kažu za posao,

it's friends that recommend you for a job,

prijatelji vas preporuče za posao,

and it's a rich and diverse social network that helps you find work.

a to je bogata raznovrsna društvena mreža koja vam pomaže da pronađete posao.

Maybe some of you here this evening are thinking,

Možda neki od vas ovde misle:

„Ja sam našao posao preko oglasa“,

"But I found my job through an advert,"

ali ako se prisetite, verovatno vam je prijatelj pokazao oglas

but if you think back, it was probably a friend that showed you the ad

i zatim vas podstakao da se prijavite.

and then encouraged you to apply.

But not surprisingly,

Nije iznenađujuće

da su ljudi kojima je možda najpotrebnija bogata i raznovrsna mreža

people who perhaps most need this rich and diverse network

are those who are most isolated from it.

oni koji su najviše izolovani od nje.

So knowing this,

Znajući za ovo,

and also knowing about the costs and failure of current systems,

a takođe znajući i za troškove i neuspehe aktuelnog sistema,

we designed something new with relationships at its heart.

osmislili smo nešto novo sa odnosom u svom jezgru.

We designed a service that encourages people to meet up,

Osmislili smo uslugu koja podstiče ljude da se sastanu,

people in and out of work,

ljude sa i bez posla,

to work together in structured ways

da rade zajedno na strukturisan način

and try new opportunities.

i pokušaju sa novim prilikama.

And, well, it's very hard to compare the results of these new systems

I, pa, veoma je teško uporediti rezultate ovih novih sistema

with the old transactional models,

sa starim transakcionim modelima,

but it looks like, with our first 1,000 members,

ali izgleda da smo, sa naših prvih 1000 članova,

we outperformed existing services by a factor of three,

nadjačali postojeće usluge u pogledu učinka za tri faktora,

at a fraction of the cost.

za samo delić troškova.

And here, too, we've used technology,

Ovde smo takođe koristili tehnologiju,

ali ne da bismo umrežili ljude na način na koji bi to učinila društvena platforma.

but not to network people in the way that a social platform would do.

We've used it to bring people face to face and connect them with each other,

Koristili smo je da bismo približili ljude licem u lice i povezali ih međusobno,

building real relationships and supporting people to find work.

izgrađujući stvarne odnose i podržavajući ljude u nalaženju posla.

At the end of his life, in 1948,

Pred kraj svog života, 1948. godine,

Beveridge wrote a third report.

Beveridž je napisao treći izveštaj.

And in it he said he had made a dreadful mistake.

U njemu je rekao da je napravio strašnu grešku.

He had left people and their communities out.

Izostavio je ljude i njihove zajednice,

And this omission, he said, led to seeing people,

a ovaj propust, rekao je, doveo je do toga da se ljudi sagledavaju

and people starting to see themselves,

i da ljudi počinju da vide same sebe

within the categories of the bureaucracies and the institutions.

u okviru kategorija birokratije i institucija,

And human relationships were already withering.

a ljudski odnosi su već propadali.

But unfortunately, this third report was much less read

Nažalost, taj treći izveštaj se mnogo manje čitao

than Beveridge's earlier work.

od ranijih dela Beveridža.

But today, we need to bring people and their communities

No, danas, moramo da vratimo ljude i njihove zajednice

back into the heart of the way we design new systems and new services,

u jezgro načina na koji osmišljavamo nove sisteme i nove usluge,

in an approach that I call "Relational Welfare."

kroz pristup koji nazivam „relaciona socijalna zaštita“.

We need to leave behind these old, transactional,

Moramo da ostavimo za nama te stare, transakcione,

unsuitable, outdated models,

neodgovarajuće, zastarele modele

and we need to adopt instead the shared collective relational responses

i moramo da umesto toga usvojimo zajedničke kolektivne relacione odgovore

that can support a family like Ella's,

koji mogu da podrže porodicu poput Eline,

that can address an issue like loneliness,

koji mogu da se pozabave pitanjem kao što je usamljenost,

that can support people into work and up the skills curve

koji mogu da pomognu ljudima u zaposlenju

in a modern labor market,

i usponu na krivulji veština na savremenom tržištu rada,

that can also address challenges of education, of health care systems,

koji mogu da se pozabave i izazovima obrazovanja, sistema zdravstvene zaštite

and so many more of those problems that are pressing on our societies.

i tolikim drugim problemima koji pritiskaju naše društvo.

It is all about relationships.

Sve je u odnosu.

Relationships are the critical resource we have.

Odnosi su ključni resurs koji imamo.

Thank you.

Hvala.

(Applause)

(Aplauz)