Social Services Are Broken. How We Can Fix Them | Hilary Cottam | TED.com

137,655 views ・ 2015-11-17

TED


Please double-click on the English subtitles below to play the video.

Prevodilac: Ivana Krivokuća Lektor: Tijana Mihajlović
00:12
I want to tell you three stories
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Želim da vam ispričam tri priče
00:15
about the power of relationships
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o moći odnosa
00:17
to solve the deep and complex social problems of this century.
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u rešavanju dubokih i kompleksnih socijalnih problema ovog veka.
00:22
You know, sometimes it seems like all these problems
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Znate, nekada se čini kao da su svi ti problemi
00:24
of poverty, inequality, ill health, unemployment, violence, addiction --
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siromaštva, nejednakosti, lošeg zdravlja, nezaposlenosti, nasilja, zavisnosti -
00:29
they're right there in one person's life.
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nalaze baš tamo u životu osobe.
00:32
So I want to tell you about someone like this that I know.
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Stoga želim da vam govorim o nekome ovakvom koga poznajem.
00:36
I'm going to call her Ella.
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Zvaću je Ela.
00:38
Ella lives in a British city on a run down estate.
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Ela živi u britanskom gradu na zapuštenom posedu.
00:42
The shops are closed, the pub's gone,
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Prodavnice su zatvorene, kafana propala,
00:44
the playground's pretty desolate and never used,
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igralište je prilično zapušteno i nikada se ne koristi,
00:46
and inside Ella's house, the tension is palpable
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a unutar Eline kuće, napetost je opipljiva,
00:49
and the noise levels are deafening.
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a nivo buke je zaglušujući.
00:51
The TV's on at full volume.
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TV je pojačan do kraja.
00:53
One of her sons is fighting with one of her daughters.
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Jedan od njenih sinova se tuče sa jednom od njenih ćerki.
00:55
Another son, Ryan, is keeping up this constant stream of abuse from the kitchen,
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Drugi sin, Rajan, nastavlja konstantan tok zlostavljanja iz kuhinje,
00:59
and the dogs are locked behind the bedroom door and straining.
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a psi su zaključani iza vrata spavaće sobe i napeti.
01:02
Ella is stuck.
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Ela je u škripcu.
01:04
She has lived with crisis for 40 years.
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Ona živi u krizi 40 godina.
01:07
She knows nothing else, and she knows no way out.
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Ne zna ni za šta drugo, i ne zna za izlaz iz toga.
01:11
She's had a whole series of abusive partners,
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Imala je čitav niz nasilnih partnera
01:13
and, tragically, one of her children has been taken into care by social services.
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i što je tragično, jedno od njene dece je zbrinula socijalna služba.
01:18
The three children that still live with her
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Troje dece koja i dalje žive sa njom
01:20
suffer from a whole range of problems, and none of them are in education.
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pate od čitavog niza problema i nijedno nije u sistemu obrazovanja.
01:23
And Ella says to me that she is repeating the cycle
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Ela mi kaže da ona ponavlja ciklus
01:26
of her own mother's life before her.
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života njene majke pre nje.
01:29
But when I met Ella, there were 73 different services
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Međutim, kada sam upoznala Elu, postojale su 73 različite usluge
01:32
on offer for her and her family in the city where she lives,
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u ponudi za nju i njenu porodicu u gradu u kome živi,
01:36
73 different services run out of 24 departments in one city,
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73 različite usluge koje sprovodi 24 odeljenja u jednom gradu,
01:40
and Ella and her partners and her children were known to most of them.
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a Ela, njeni partneri i deca bili su poznati većini njih.
01:43
They think nothing of calling social services
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Za njih je uobičajena stvar pozvati socijalnu službu
01:45
to try and mediate one of the many arguments that broke out.
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radi pokušaja posredovanja u jednom od mnogih nastalih rasprava.
01:48
And the family home was visited on a regular basis by social workers,
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Porodičnu kuću redovno posećuju socijalni radnici,
01:52
youth workers, a health officer, a housing officer, a home tutor
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omladinski radnici, zdravstveni radnik, službenik za pitanje stanovanja,
privatni učitelj i lokalni policajac.
01:56
and the local policemen.
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01:58
And the governments say that there are 100,000 families
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Vlada kaže da postoji 100 000 porodica
02:01
in Britain today like Ella's,
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poput Eline u Britaniji danas,
02:03
struggling to break the cycle of economic, social and environmental deprivation.
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koje se bore da prekinu ciklus lišavanja u smislu ekonomije, društva i okoline.
02:09
And they also say that managing this problem
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Takođe kažu i da rukovođenje ovim problemom
02:11
costs a quarter of a million pounds per family per year
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košta četvrt miliona funti godišnje po porodici,
02:14
and yet nothing changes.
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a ipak, ništa se ne menja.
02:15
None of these well-meaning visitors are making a difference.
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Nijedan od tih dobronamernih posetilaca ne donosi promenu.
02:18
This is a chart we made in the same city with another family like Ella's.
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Ovo je tabela koju smo napravili u istom gradu
sa drugom porodicom poput Eline.
02:23
This shows 30 years of intervention in that family's life.
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Ovo pokazuje 30 godina intervencija u životu te porodice.
02:26
And just as with Ella, not one of these interventions is part of an overall plan.
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Kao i kod Ele,
nijedna od tih intervencija nije deo obuhvatnog plana.
02:30
There's no end goal in sight.
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Nema krajnjeg cilja na vidiku.
Nijedna od intervencija se ne bavi problemima koji se nalaze u osnovi.
02:32
None of the interventions are dealing with the underlying issues.
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02:35
These are just containment measures, ways of managing a problem.
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To su samo mere suzbijanja, načini upravljanja problemom.
02:38
One of the policemen says to me,
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Jedan od policajaca mi kaže:
„Vidite, ja samo dostavim poruku i onda idem.“
02:40
"Look, I just deliver the message and then I leave."
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02:42
So, I've spent time living with families like Ella's
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Provela sam vreme živeći sa porodicama poput Eline
02:45
in different parts of the world,
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u različitim delovima sveta,
02:46
because I want to know: what can we learn
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jer želim da znam šta možemo da naučimo
02:49
from places where our social institutions just aren't working?
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iz mesta gde naše socijalne institucije jednostavno ne funkcionišu.
02:52
I want to know what it feels like to live in Ella's family.
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Želim da znam kako izgleda živeti u Elinoj porodici.
02:55
I want to know what's going on and what we can do differently.
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Želim da znam šta se dešava i šta možemo da uradimo drugačije.
02:59
Well, the first thing I learned is that cost is a really slippery concept.
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Pa, prva stvar koju sam saznala je da je trošak zaista nezgodan koncept,
03:03
Because when the government says that a family like Ella's
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jer kada vlada kaže da porodice poput Eline
koštaju četvt miliona funti godišnje da bi se nadgledale,
03:06
costs a quarter of a million pounds a year to manage,
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ono što to zaista znači
03:09
what it really means
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03:10
is that this system costs a quarter of a million pounds a year.
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je da ovaj sistem košta četvrt miliona funti godišnje,
zato što nijedan peni od tog novca zapravo ne doseže do Eline porodice
03:13
Because not one penny of this money actually touches Ella's family
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03:16
in a way that makes a difference.
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na način koji je od značaja.
03:17
Instead, the system is just like this costly gyroscope
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Umesto toga, sistem je baš kao skupi žiroskop
03:20
that spins around the families, keeping them stuck at its heart,
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koji se obrće oko porodica, drži ih zaglavljene u svom središtu,
03:23
exactly where they are.
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baš tamo gde se nalaze.
03:25
And I also spent time with the frontline workers,
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Takođe sam provodila vreme sa radnicima iz prvih redova,
03:27
and I learned that it is an impossible situation.
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i saznala sam da je to nemoguća situacija.
03:30
So Tom, who is the social worker for Ella's 14-year-old son Ryan,
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Tako Tom, koji je socijalni radnik Elinog 14-ogodišnjeg sina Rajana,
03:35
has to spend 86 percent of his time servicing the system:
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mora da provede 86 posto svog vremena u službi sistema:
03:38
meetings with colleagues, filling out forms,
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sastanci sa kolegama, popunjavanje obrazaca,
još sastanaka sa kolegama radi diskusije o obrascima,
03:41
more meetings with colleagues to discuss the forms,
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03:43
and maybe most shockingly,
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a možda najšokantnije,
03:44
the 14 percent of the time he has to be with Ryan
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14 posto vremena koje on mora da provede sa Rajanom
provedeno je u pribavljanju podataka i informacija za sistem.
03:47
is spent getting data and information for the system.
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03:49
So he says to Ryan,
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Tako, on govori Rajanu:
03:51
"How often have you been smoking? Have you been drinking?
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„Koliko često pušiš? Jesi li pio? Kada si išao u školu?“,
03:53
When did you go to school?"
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a ovakva vrsta interakcije isključuje mogućnost
03:55
And this kind of interaction rules out the possibility
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03:57
of a normal conversation.
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normalnog razgovora.
03:58
It rules out the possibility of what's needed
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Isključuje mogućnost onoga što je potrebno
da bi se izgradio odnos između Toma i Rajana.
04:01
to build a relationship between Tom and Ryan.
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04:04
When we made this chart,
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Kada smo napravili ovaj grafikon,
04:06
the frontline workers, the professionals --
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radnici iz prvih redova, profesionalci -
04:08
they stared at it absolutely amazed.
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zurili su u njega potpuno zapanjeni.
04:10
It snaked around the walls of their offices.
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Vukao se po njihovim kancelarijama.
04:12
So many hours, so well meant, but ultimately so futile.
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Toliko mnogo sati, sa tako dobrom voljom, ali na kraju tako uzaludno.
04:18
And there was this moment of absolute breakdown,
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Nastao je momenat apsolutnog raspada,
04:22
and then of clarity:
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a zatim jasnoće -
04:24
we had to work in a different way.
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moramo da radimo na drugi način.
04:27
So in a really brave step, the leaders of the city where Ella lives
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Tako su se zaista hrabrim korakom, predvodnici grada u kome Ela živi
04:30
agreed that we could start by reversing Ryan's ratio.
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složili da možemo otpočeti promenom srazmere vremena sa Rajanom.
04:33
So everyone who came into contact with Ella or a family like Ella's
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Dakle, svi koji su došli u kontakt sa Elom ili porodicom poput Eline
04:36
would spend 80 percent of their time working with the families
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proveli bi 80 posto svog vremena radeći sa porodicama
04:39
and only 20 percent servicing the system.
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i samo 20 posto u službi sistema.
04:42
And even more radically,
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Čak i drastičnije,
04:44
the families would lead
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porodice bi predvodile
04:45
and they would decide who was in a best position to help them.
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i one bi odlučivale o tome ko je u najboljoj poziciji da im pomogne.
04:48
So Ella and another mother were asked to be part of an interview panel,
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Od Ele i još jedne majke je zatraženo da budu deo odbora za ispitivanje,
04:52
to choose from amongst the existing professionals
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da odaberu među postojećim profesionalcima
04:54
who would work with them.
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ko bi radio sa njima.
04:56
And many, many people wanted to join us,
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I mnogi, mnogi ljudi su želeli da nam se pridruže,
04:58
because you don't go into this kind of work to manage a system,
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jer ne odlazite u ovakav posao da biste se bavili sistemom;
05:01
you go in because you can and you want to make a difference.
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ulazite jer možete i želite da donesete promenu.
05:04
So Ella and the mother asked everybody who came through the door,
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Ela i ta majka su upitale svakoga ko je prošao kroz vrata:
05:07
"What will you do when my son starts kicking me?"
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„Šta ćete uraditi kada moj sin počne da me šutira?“
05:10
And so the first person who comes in says,
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Prva osoba koja je ušla kaže:
„Pa, potražiću unaokolo najbliži izlaz
05:12
"Well, I'll look around for the nearest exit
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05:15
and I will back out very slowly,
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i povući ću se veoma polako,
a ako se buka nastavi, pozvaću svog nadređenog.“
05:17
and if the noise is still going on, I'll call my supervisor."
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A majke krenu: „Ti si sistem. Izlazi odavde!“
05:21
And the mothers go, "You're the system. Get out of here!"
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05:23
And then the next person who comes is a policeman, and he says,
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Zatim, sledeća osoba koja ulazi je policajac i on kaže:
05:26
"Well, I'll tackle your son to the ground and then I'm not sure what I'll do."
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„Pa, oboriću vašeg sina na zemlju i onda nisam siguran šta ću“,
05:30
And the mothers say, "Thank you."
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a majke kažu: „Hvala.“
05:32
So, they chose professionals who confessed
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Dakle, odabrale su profesionalca koji je priznao
05:34
they didn't necessarily have the answers,
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da nema nužno sve odgovore, koji je rekao -
05:36
who said -- well, they weren't going to talk in jargon.
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pa, nisu hteli da pričaju žargonski.
05:40
They showed their human qualities and convinced the mothers
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Pokazali su svoje ljudske kvalitete i ubedili majke
da će ostati sa njima u dobru i u zlu, iako neće biti blagi prema njima.
05:43
that they would stick with them through thick and thin,
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05:46
even though they wouldn't be soft with them.
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Ovi novi timovi i porodice
05:48
So these new teams and the families
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05:49
were then given a sliver of the former budget,
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zatim su dobili delić pređašnjeg budžeta,
ali mogli su da potroše novac na bilo koji način da odaberu.
05:52
but they could spend the money in any way they chose.
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Tako je jedna od porodica otišla na večeru.
05:54
And so one of the families went out for supper.
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05:56
They went to McDonald's and they sat down and they talked and they listened
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Otišli su u Mekdonalds, seli, pričali i slušali
po prvi put posle mnogo vremena.
06:00
for the first time in a long time.
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Druga porodica je pitala tim
06:02
Another family asked the team
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06:04
if they would help them do up their home.
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da li bi im pomogli da doteraju svoj dom,
06:07
And one mother took the money
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a jedna majka je uzela novac
06:08
and she used it as a float to start a social enterprise.
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i iskoristila ga kao ulog da započne društveno preduzeće.
06:12
And in a really short space of time,
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I za vrlo kratko vreme,
06:14
something new started to grow:
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nešto novo je počelo da nastaje -
06:17
a relationship between the team and the workers.
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odnos između tima i radnika.
06:20
And then some remarkable changes took place.
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Potom su se odigrale neke izuzetne promene.
06:23
Maybe it's not surprising
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Možda ne iznenađuje
06:24
that the journey for Ella has had some big steps backwards
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da je putovanje za Elu obuhvatalo neke velike korake unazad, kao i unapred.
06:27
as well as forwards.
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06:28
But today, she's completed an IT training course,
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Međutim, danas, ona je završila kurs obuke informacionih tehnologija,
06:31
she has her first paid job, her children are back in school,
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ima svoj prvi plaćeni posao, njena deca su ponovo u školi,
06:34
and the neighbors,
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a komšije, koje su se prethodno nadale
06:35
who previously just hoped this family would be moved anywhere
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da će se ta porodica preseliti bilo gde osim pored njih,
06:38
except next door to them,
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06:40
are fine.
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su u redu.
06:41
They've made some new friendships.
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Stekli su neka nova prijateljstva.
06:43
And all the same people have been involved in this transformation --
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A potpuno isti ljudi su bili uključeni u ovoj tranformaciji -
06:47
same families, same workers.
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iste porodice, isti radnici.
06:49
But the relationship between them has been supported to change.
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Odnos između njih, međutim, imao je podršku da se promeni.
06:54
So I'm telling you about Ella because I think that relationships
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Dakle, govorim vam o Eli jer mislim da je odnos
06:57
are the critical resource we have
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odlučujuće sredstvo koje imamo
06:59
in solving some of these intractable problems.
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u rešavanju nekih od ovih upornih problema.
Ipak, danas, naši odnosi su sve sem otpisani
07:02
But today, our relationships are all but written off
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07:04
by our politics, our social policies, our welfare institutions.
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zbog naše politike, naših socijalnih strategija,
naših institucija socijalne pomoći.
07:08
And I've learned that this really has to change.
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Saznala sam da to zaista mora da se promeni.
07:12
So what do I mean by relationships?
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Dakle, šta podrazumevam pod odnosom?
07:14
I'm talking about the simple human bonds between us,
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Govorim o jednostavnim ljudskim sponama između nas, autentičnom osećaju
07:17
a kind of authentic sense of connection, of belonging,
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povezanosti, pripadanja,
07:19
the bonds that make us happy, that support us to change,
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sponama koje nas usrećuju, koje nam pomažu da se promenimo,
07:22
to be brave like Ella and try something new.
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da budemo hrabri kao Ela i pokušamo nešto novo.
07:25
And, you know, it's no accident
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Znate, nije slučajnost
07:27
that those who run and work in the institutions
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to što oni koji vode institucije i rade u njima,
07:30
that are supposed to support Ella and her family
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a koji treba da podrže Elu i njenu porodicu,
07:32
don't talk about relationships,
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ne govore o odnosu,
07:33
because relationships are expressly designed out of a welfare model
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jer odnos je izričito izbačen iz modela socijalne zaštite
07:37
that was drawn up in Britain and exported around the world.
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koji je sačinjen u Britaniji i izvezen širom sveta.
07:41
The contemporaries of William Beveridge,
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Savremenici Vilijema Beveridža,
07:43
who was the architect of the first welfare state
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koji je bio tvorac prve države blagostanja
07:45
and the author of the Beveridge Report,
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i autor „Beveridžovog izveštaja“,
07:47
had little faith in what they called the average sensual or emotional man.
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nisu imali poverenja u ono što su nazivali
prosečnim senzualnim ili emocionalnim čovekom.
07:51
Instead, they trusted this idea of the impersonal system
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Umesto toga, verovali su u ideju bezličnog sistema
07:54
and the bureaucrat who would be detached and work in this system.
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i birokrate koji bi bio odvojen i radio u tom sistemu.
07:58
And the impact of Beveridge
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A uticaj Beveridža
na način na koji moderna država sagledava socijalna pitanja
08:01
on the way the modern state sees social issues
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08:03
just can't be underestimated.
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jednostavno se ne može potceniti.
08:05
The Beveridge Report sold over 100,000 copies
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Izveštaj Beveridž je prodat u preko 100 000 primeraka
08:08
in the first weeks of publication alone.
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samo prve nedelje od objavljivanja.
Ljudi su u redovima čekali na kiši u novembru da se domognu svog primerka
08:11
People queued in the rain on a November night to get hold of a copy,
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08:14
and it was read across the country, across the colonies, across Europe,
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i čitao se širom zemlje, kolonija, Evrope,
širom Sjedinjenih Američkih Država
08:17
across the United States of America,
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i imao je ogroman uticaj
08:19
and it had this huge impact
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08:21
on the way that welfare states were designed around the globe.
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na način na koji su države blagostanja osnivane širom zemljine kugle.
08:24
The cultures, the bureaucracies, the institutions -- they are global,
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Kulture, birokratije, institucije - one su globalne
08:29
and they've come to seem like common sense.
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i počele su da deluju zdravorazumski.
08:31
They've become so ingrained in us,
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Postale su tako ukorenjene u nama,
08:34
that actually we don't even see them anymore.
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da ih zapravo više i ne primećujemo.
08:36
And I think it's really important to say that in the 20th century,
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Mislim da je zaista važno reći da su u 20. veku
08:39
they were remarkably successful, these institutions.
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te institucije bile izuzetno uspešne.
08:42
They led to longer lifespans, the eradication of mass disease,
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Dovele su do dužeg životnog veka, iskorenjivanja masovnih oboljenja,
08:46
mass housing, almost universal education.
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masovnog obezbeđivanja stanova, skoro univerzalnog obrazovanja.
08:49
But at the same time,
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Ipak, istovremeno,
08:51
Beveridge sowed the seeds of today's challenges.
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Beveridž je posejao seme današnjih izazova.
08:55
So let me tell you a second story.
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Dozvolite da vam ispričam drugu priču.
08:57
What do you think today is a bigger killer than a lifetime of smoking?
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Šta mislite da je danas veći ubica od celoživotnog pušenja?
09:05
It's loneliness.
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To je usamljenost.
09:07
According to government statistics, one person over 60 -- one in three --
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Prema vladinim statističkim podacima,
jedna osoba preko 60 godina - jedna od tri -
09:12
doesn't speak to or see another person in a week.
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ne govori sa drugom osobom niti je viđa tokom nedelju dana.
09:16
One person in 10, that's 850,000 people,
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Jedna osoba od 10, to je 850 000 ljudi,
09:19
doesn't speak to anyone else in a month.
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ne govori ni sa kim u toku jednog meseca.
09:22
And we're not the only people with this problem;
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A mi nismo jedini sa ovim problemom:
ovaj problem se tiče celog zapadnog sveta.
09:25
this problem touches the whole of the Western world.
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09:27
And it's even more acute in countries like China,
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Čak je izraženiji u zemljama poput Kine,
09:29
where a process of rapid urbanization, mass migration, has left older people
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gde je proces ubrzane urbanizacije, masovne migracije, ostavio stare ljude
09:33
alone in the villages.
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same u selima.
09:35
And so the services that Beveridge designed and exported --
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Usluge koje je Beveridž osmislio i izvezao -
09:39
they can't address this kind of problem.
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one se ne mogu primeniti na takvom problemu.
09:41
Loneliness is like a collective relational challenge,
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Usamljenost je poput kolektivnog izazova u odnosima
09:44
and it can't be addressed by a traditional bureaucratic response.
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i ne može se njome baviti tradicionalnim birokratskim odgovorima.
09:48
So some years ago, wanting to understand this problem,
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Pre nekoliko godina, želeći da razumem ovaj problem,
09:51
I started to work with a group of about 60 older people
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počela sam da radim sa grupom od oko 60 starijih ljudi
09:54
in South London, where I live.
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u južnom Londonu, gde živim.
09:56
I went shopping, I played bingo,
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2075
Išla sam u kupovinu, igrala sam bingo,
09:58
but mainly I was just observing and listening.
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ali većinom sam samo posmatrala i slušala.
10:00
I wanted to know what we could do differently.
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Htela sam da znam šta je to što možemo drugačije.
10:03
And if you ask them, people tell you they want two things.
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Ako ih upitate, ljudi vam kažu da žele dve stvari.
10:06
They want somebody to go up a ladder and change a light bulb,
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Žele nekog da se popne uz merdevine i promeni sijalicu,
10:09
or to be there when they come out of hospital.
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ili da bude uz njih kada izađu iz bolnice.
10:11
They want on-demand, practical support.
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Oni žele praktičnu podršku na zahtev
10:14
And they want to have fun.
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i žele da se zabave.
10:15
They want to go out, do interesting things with like-minded people,
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Žele da izađu, da rade zanimljive stvari sa istomišljenicima,
i da stiču prijatelje kao i svi mi u svakoj fazi našeg života.
10:19
and make friends like we've all made friends at every stage of our lives.
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10:23
So we rented a phone line, hired a couple of handymen,
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Tako smo iznajmili telefonsku liniju, unajmili par majstora
10:26
and started a service we called "Circle."
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i započeli uslugu koju smo nazvali „Krug“.
10:28
And Circle offers its local membership a toll-free 0 800 number
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„Krug“ nudi lokalnom članstvu besplatan poziv na 0800 broj
10:32
that they can call on demand for any support.
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koji mogu da pozovu i zatraže bilo kakvu pomoć.
10:35
And people have called us for so many reasons.
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Ljudi su nas zvali zbog toliko razloga.
10:37
They've called because their pets are unwell,
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Zvali su jer njihovim ljubimcima nije dobro, DVD se pokvario,
10:39
their DVD is broken, they've forgotten how to use their mobile phone,
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zaboravili su kako da koriste mobilni telefon,
10:42
or maybe they are coming out of hospital
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ili možda izlaze iz bolnice
i hoće da neko bude tu za njih.
10:44
and they want someone to be there.
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10:46
And Circle also offers a rich social calendar --
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„Krug“ takođe nudi bogati društveni kalendar -
10:49
knitting, darts, museum tours, hot air ballooning -- you name it.
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pletenje, pikado, obilasci muzeja, vožnje balonom - samo kažite.
10:54
But here's the interesting thing, the really deep change:
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A evo zanimljivosti, zaista duboke promene -
10:58
over time, the friendships that have formed
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vremenom su prijateljstva koja su nastala
11:01
have begun to replace the practical offer.
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počela da zamenjuju stvarnu ponudu.
11:04
So let me tell you about Belinda.
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Dozvolite da vam govorim o Belindi.
11:06
Belinda's a Circle member, and she was going into hospital for a hip operation,
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Belinda je član „Kruga“ i išla je u bolnicu zbog operacije kuka,
11:10
so she called her local Circle to say they wouldn't see her for a bit.
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pa je pozvala svoj lokalni „Krug“ da kaže da je neće viđati neko vreme.
11:14
And Damon, who runs the local Circle, calls her back and says, "How can I help?"
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Dejmon, koji vodi lokalni „Krug“, nazove je i pita: „Kako mogu da pomognem?“
11:18
And Belinda says, "Oh no, I'm fine --
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1911
Belinda kaže: „O, neka, dobro sam -
11:20
Jocelyn is doing the shopping, Tony's doing the gardening,
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Džoslin ide u kupovinu, Toni će se pobrinuti za baštu,
11:23
Melissa and Joe are going to come in and cook and chat."
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Melisa i Džo će dolaziti da kuvaju i ćaskaju.“
Dakle, pet članova „Kruga“ se organizovalo
11:26
So five Circle members had organized themselves
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11:29
to take care of Belinda.
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da se staraju o Belindi.
11:32
And Belinda's 80, although she says that she feels 25 inside,
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Belinda ima 80 godina, mada kaže da se iznutra oseća kao da ima 25,
11:35
but she also says
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ali takođe kaže
11:37
that she felt stuck and pretty down when she joined Circle.
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da se osećala zaglavljeno i prilično loše kada se priključila „Krugu“.
Međutim, jednostavan čin podstrekivanja da dođe na to prvo dešavanje
11:41
But the simple act of encouraging her to come along to that first event
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11:45
led to a process where natural friendships formed,
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doveo je do procesa u kome su nastala prirodna prijateljstva,
11:48
friendships that today are replacing the need for expensive services.
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prijateljstva koja danas zamenjuju potrebu za skupim uslugama.
11:53
It's relationships that are making the difference.
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Odnosi su ti koji znače.
11:57
So I think that three factors have converged
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Mislim da su se približila tri faktora
12:00
that enable us to put relationships at the heart and center
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koja nam omogućavaju da stavimo odnose u jezgro i središte
12:03
of how we solve social problems today.
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načina na koji danas rešavamo socijalne probleme.
12:06
Firstly, the nature of the problems --
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Prvo - priroda problema -
12:08
they've changed, and they require different solutions.
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promenili su se i zahtevaju drugačija rešenja.
12:11
Secondly, the cost, human as much as financial, of doing business as usual.
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Drugo, trošak, ljudski kao i finansijski, obavljanja posla kao i obično.
12:15
And thirdly, technology.
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I treće, tehnologija.
12:18
I've talked about the first two factors.
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2520
Govorila sam o prva dva faktora.
12:20
It's technology that enables these approaches to scale
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Tehnologija je ta koja omogućava ovim pristupima da odrede meru
12:23
and potentially now support thousands of people.
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i da sada potencijalno podrže hiljade ljudi.
12:26
So the technology we've used is really simple,
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Tehnologija koju smo koristili je vrlo jednostavna,
12:29
it's made up of available things like databases, mobile phones.
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sastoji se od dostupnih stvari poput baza podataka, mobilnih telefona.
12:32
Circle has got this very simple system that underpins it,
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„Krug“ ima veoma jednostavan sistem koji ga podupire,
12:35
enables a small local team to support a membership of up to a thousand.
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omogućava malom lokalnom timu da podrži i do hiljadu članova.
12:39
And you can contrast this with a neighborhood organization
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Možete ovo uporediti sa susedskom organizacijom iz 1970-ih,
12:42
of the 1970s,
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1157
kada ovakve razmere nisu bile moguće, kao ni kvalitet ni dugotrajnost
12:43
when this kind of scale just wasn't possible,
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2163
12:45
neither was the quality or the longevity that the spine of technology can provide.
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koju može da pruži tehnologija kao oslonac.
12:49
So it's relationships underpinned by technology
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Dakle, odnos poduprt tehnologijom
12:52
that can turn the Beveridge models on their heads.
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je ono što može da preokrene Beveridžove modele.
12:55
The Beveridge models are all about institutions with finite resources,
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Beveridžovi modeli su vezani za institucije i ograničene resurse,
12:59
anonymously managing access.
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anonimno upravljajući pristupom.
13:01
In my work at the front line,
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U svom radu u prvim redovima,
13:03
I've seen again and again how up to 80 percent of resource
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iznova i iznova sam viđala kako je i do 80 posto sredstava
13:07
is spent keeping people out.
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2035
potrošeno da bi se ljudi držali izvan.
13:09
So professionals have to administer
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Tako profesionalci moraju da primenjuju
13:10
these increasingly complex forms of administration
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sve kompleksnije oblike administracije,
13:13
that are basically about stopping people accessing the service
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koji se u suštini svode na sprečavanje ljudi da pristupe usluzi
13:16
or managing the queue.
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ili upravljanje redovima,
13:18
And Circle, like the relational services that we and others have designed,
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a „Krug“, kao relacione usluge koje smo mi i drugi osmislili,
13:23
inverts this logic.
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preokreće ovu logiku.
13:24
What it says is, the more people, the more relationships,
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Ono što on kaže je - što je više ljudi, što je više odnosa,
13:28
the stronger the solution.
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utoliko je jače rešenje.
13:31
So I want to tell you my third and final story,
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Želim da vam ispričam svoju treću i poslednju priču,
13:34
which is about unemployment.
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a ona je o nezaposlenosti.
13:37
In Britain, as in most places in the world,
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U Britaniji, kao i u većini mesta na svetu,
13:40
our welfare states were primarily designed
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2540
naše države blagostanja primarno su osmišljene
13:42
to get people into work,
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2645
tako da dovedu ljude do posla,
13:45
to educate them for this,
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1992
da ih obrazuju za to,
13:47
and to keep them healthy.
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1672
i da ih održe zdravim.
13:49
But here, too, the systems are failing.
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Ipak, sistemi su ovde takođe neuspešni.
13:51
And so the response has been
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1372
Odgovor je bio
13:52
to try and make these old systems even more efficient and transactional --
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3537
da pokušamo da učinimo te stare sisteme još efikasnijim i izvršnijim -
13:56
to speed up processing times, divide people into ever-smaller categories,
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da ubrzamo vreme obrađivanja, podelimo ljude u što manje kategorije,
14:00
try and target services at them more efficiently -- in other words,
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da pokušamo da efikasnije usmerimo usluge na njih - drugim rečima,
14:03
the very opposite of relational.
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sasvim suprotno relacionom.
14:07
But guess how most people find work today?
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3404
A pogodite kako većina ljudi nalazi posao danas?
14:11
Through word of mouth.
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1792
Načuju od drugih.
14:13
It turns out that in Britain today, most new jobs are not advertised.
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Ispostavlja se da se danas u Britaniji većina novih poslova ne oglašava.
14:18
So it's friends that tell you about a job,
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2143
Dakle, prijatelji vam kažu za posao,
14:20
it's friends that recommend you for a job,
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2273
prijatelji vas preporuče za posao,
14:22
and it's a rich and diverse social network that helps you find work.
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4291
a to je bogata raznovrsna društvena mreža koja vam pomaže da pronađete posao.
14:26
Maybe some of you here this evening are thinking,
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2325
Možda neki od vas ovde misle:
„Ja sam našao posao preko oglasa“,
14:29
"But I found my job through an advert,"
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1861
ali ako se prisetite, verovatno vam je prijatelj pokazao oglas
14:31
but if you think back, it was probably a friend that showed you the ad
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3322
i zatim vas podstakao da se prijavite.
14:34
and then encouraged you to apply.
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1577
14:35
But not surprisingly,
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1323
Nije iznenađujuće
da su ljudi kojima je možda najpotrebnija bogata i raznovrsna mreža
14:37
people who perhaps most need this rich and diverse network
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3279
14:40
are those who are most isolated from it.
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2699
oni koji su najviše izolovani od nje.
14:43
So knowing this,
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1275
Znajući za ovo,
14:44
and also knowing about the costs and failure of current systems,
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3022
a takođe znajući i za troškove i neuspehe aktuelnog sistema,
14:47
we designed something new with relationships at its heart.
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2949
osmislili smo nešto novo sa odnosom u svom jezgru.
14:50
We designed a service that encourages people to meet up,
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5362
Osmislili smo uslugu koja podstiče ljude da se sastanu,
14:56
people in and out of work,
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1440
ljude sa i bez posla,
14:57
to work together in structured ways
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1751
da rade zajedno na strukturisan način
14:59
and try new opportunities.
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1917
i pokušaju sa novim prilikama.
15:02
And, well, it's very hard to compare the results of these new systems
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3971
I, pa, veoma je teško uporediti rezultate ovih novih sistema
15:06
with the old transactional models,
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1672
sa starim transakcionim modelima,
15:07
but it looks like, with our first 1,000 members,
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2301
ali izgleda da smo, sa naših prvih 1000 članova,
15:10
we outperformed existing services by a factor of three,
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2891
nadjačali postojeće usluge u pogledu učinka za tri faktora,
15:13
at a fraction of the cost.
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1960
za samo delić troškova.
15:15
And here, too, we've used technology,
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2880
Ovde smo takođe koristili tehnologiju,
ali ne da bismo umrežili ljude na način na koji bi to učinila društvena platforma.
15:18
but not to network people in the way that a social platform would do.
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15:21
We've used it to bring people face to face and connect them with each other,
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Koristili smo je da bismo približili ljude licem u lice i povezali ih međusobno,
15:25
building real relationships and supporting people to find work.
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izgrađujući stvarne odnose i podržavajući ljude u nalaženju posla.
15:30
At the end of his life, in 1948,
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Pred kraj svog života, 1948. godine,
15:33
Beveridge wrote a third report.
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Beveridž je napisao treći izveštaj.
15:35
And in it he said he had made a dreadful mistake.
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U njemu je rekao da je napravio strašnu grešku.
15:40
He had left people and their communities out.
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Izostavio je ljude i njihove zajednice,
15:45
And this omission, he said, led to seeing people,
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a ovaj propust, rekao je, doveo je do toga da se ljudi sagledavaju
15:49
and people starting to see themselves,
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i da ljudi počinju da vide same sebe
15:51
within the categories of the bureaucracies and the institutions.
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u okviru kategorija birokratije i institucija,
15:55
And human relationships were already withering.
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a ljudski odnosi su već propadali.
15:59
But unfortunately, this third report was much less read
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Nažalost, taj treći izveštaj se mnogo manje čitao
16:02
than Beveridge's earlier work.
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od ranijih dela Beveridža.
16:05
But today, we need to bring people and their communities
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No, danas, moramo da vratimo ljude i njihove zajednice
16:09
back into the heart of the way we design new systems and new services,
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u jezgro načina na koji osmišljavamo nove sisteme i nove usluge,
16:13
in an approach that I call "Relational Welfare."
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kroz pristup koji nazivam „relaciona socijalna zaštita“.
16:16
We need to leave behind these old, transactional,
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Moramo da ostavimo za nama te stare, transakcione,
16:18
unsuitable, outdated models,
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neodgovarajuće, zastarele modele
16:20
and we need to adopt instead the shared collective relational responses
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i moramo da umesto toga usvojimo zajedničke kolektivne relacione odgovore
16:24
that can support a family like Ella's,
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koji mogu da podrže porodicu poput Eline,
16:26
that can address an issue like loneliness,
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koji mogu da se pozabave pitanjem kao što je usamljenost,
16:29
that can support people into work and up the skills curve
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koji mogu da pomognu ljudima u zaposlenju
16:31
in a modern labor market,
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i usponu na krivulji veština na savremenom tržištu rada,
16:33
that can also address challenges of education, of health care systems,
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koji mogu da se pozabave i izazovima obrazovanja, sistema zdravstvene zaštite
16:37
and so many more of those problems that are pressing on our societies.
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i tolikim drugim problemima koji pritiskaju naše društvo.
16:42
It is all about relationships.
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Sve je u odnosu.
16:45
Relationships are the critical resource we have.
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Odnosi su ključni resurs koji imamo.
16:48
Thank you.
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Hvala.
16:49
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
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