Social Services Are Broken. How We Can Fix Them | Hilary Cottam | TED.com

129,445 views ・ 2015-11-17

TED


भिडियो प्ले गर्नको लागि तलको अंग्रेजी उपशीर्षकहरूमा डबल-क्लिक गर्नुहोस्।

Translator: Nirajan Thapa Reviewer: Deepak Basyal
00:12
I want to tell you three stories
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म तपाइँहरूलार्इ ३ वटा कथाहरू भन्नेछु
00:15
about the power of relationships
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सम्बन्धहरूको शक्तिका बारेमा
00:17
to solve the deep and complex social problems of this century.
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जसले शताब्दीकै सघन समस्याहरू सुल्झाउछन ।
00:22
You know, sometimes it seems like all these problems
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कहिलेकाही यस्तो देखिन्छ
00:24
of poverty, inequality, ill health, unemployment, violence, addiction --
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कि गरिवी, असमानता, अस्वस्थता, हिंसा,
00:29
they're right there in one person's life.
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सबै समस्याहरू त्यही ब्यक्तीसँग मात्र छ
00:32
So I want to tell you about someone like this that I know.
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मैले चिनेको त्यस्तै एकजनाको बारे बताउँछु
00:36
I'm going to call her Ella.
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म उसलार्इ एल्ला भन्नेछु
00:38
Ella lives in a British city on a run down estate.
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एल्ला एउटा बेलायती शहरमा बस्छे
00:42
The shops are closed, the pub's gone,
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जहाँ पसल, भट्टी बन्द छन
00:44
the playground's pretty desolate and never used,
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खेलमैदान उजाड छ
00:46
and inside Ella's house, the tension is palpable
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र, एल्लाको घरभित्र तनाव छ
00:49
and the noise levels are deafening.
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केहि सुन्नै नसकिने हल्ला छ।
00:51
The TV's on at full volume.
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टिभी पूरै चर्को आवाजमा खोलिएको छ।
00:53
One of her sons is fighting with one of her daughters.
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उनको एक छोरा अर्को छोरीसँग लडिरहेछ।
00:55
Another son, Ryan, is keeping up this constant stream of abuse from the kitchen,
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अर्को छोरा रायन भान्छाबाट मुख छाड्दैछ
00:59
and the dogs are locked behind the bedroom door and straining.
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र शयनकक्षको ढोकापछि थुनेको कुकुर भुक्दैछ
01:02
Ella is stuck.
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एल्ला किंकर्तब्यबिमूढ भएकीछिन
01:04
She has lived with crisis for 40 years.
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उनी ४० बर्षदेखि यो समस्यामा छिन
01:07
She knows nothing else, and she knows no way out.
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उनले केहि मेसो पाएकी छैनिन, उपायहिन छिन
01:11
She's had a whole series of abusive partners,
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उनका सबै सहयात्रीहरू अभद्र थिए
01:13
and, tragically, one of her children has been taken into care by social services.
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दुखको कुरो, उनको एक छोरा संस्थाले लगेको छ
01:18
The three children that still live with her
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उनीसँग बस्नै तीनैजना बच्चाहरू
01:20
suffer from a whole range of problems, and none of them are in education.
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समस्याग्रस्त बाँचेका छन, स्कुल जाँदैनन
01:23
And Ella says to me that she is repeating the cycle
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एल्ला भन्छिन - उनी आफ्नी आमाको
01:26
of her own mother's life before her.
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जस्तै जीवन दोहोर्याएकी छिन
01:29
But when I met Ella, there were 73 different services
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मैले एल्लालार्इ भेट्दा त्यो शहरमा
01:32
on offer for her and her family in the city where she lives,
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७३ वटा विभिन्न सेवाहरू उपलब्ध् थिए।
01:36
73 different services run out of 24 departments in one city,
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ती ७३ सेवाका २४ फरक विभागहरू छन, जो
01:40
and Ella and her partners and her children were known to most of them.
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एल्ला, उनका केटाहरू, बच्चाहरूसँग परिचित छन
01:43
They think nothing of calling social services
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उनीहरू तनाव ब्यवस्थापनमा ती संस्थाको
01:45
to try and mediate one of the many arguments that broke out.
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सहयोग लिने बारे सोचिरहेका छैनन
01:48
And the family home was visited on a regular basis by social workers,
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सामाजिक/युवा कार्यकर्ताहरू, स्वास्थ्य सेवी
01:52
youth workers, a health officer, a housing officer, a home tutor
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गृह ब्ववस्थापक र प्रहरीहरू नियमितजसो
01:56
and the local policemen.
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त्यो परिवारलार्इ भेट्ने गर्थे।
01:58
And the governments say that there are 100,000 families
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सरकार भन्छ, आज बेलायतमा एल्लाको जस्तै
02:01
in Britain today like Ella's,
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१ लाख परिवारहरू छन, जो आर्थिक, सामाजिक
02:03
struggling to break the cycle of economic, social and environmental deprivation.
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वातावरणीय वंचितीकरण मुक्तहुन संघर्षरत छन।
02:09
And they also say that managing this problem
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र, उनीहरू भन्छन समस्या व्यवस्थापनमा प्रति
02:11
costs a quarter of a million pounds per family per year
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वर्ष प्रति परिवार साढे दुर्इलाख पाउण्ड
02:14
and yet nothing changes.
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खर्चदा पनि समस्या उस्तै छ ।
02:15
None of these well-meaning visitors are making a difference.
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कुनै प्रयासले केहि फरक पारेको छैन
02:18
This is a chart we made in the same city with another family like Ella's.
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एल्लाको जस्तै अर्को घरको मानचित्र हो यो
02:23
This shows 30 years of intervention in that family's life.
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यो चित्रले ३० वर्षसम्मको मध्यस्थता देखाउँछ
02:26
And just as with Ella, not one of these interventions is part of an overall plan.
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एल्लाकोझैं यी पनि एक योजनाका अंग होइनन।
02:30
There's no end goal in sight.
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यसमा निश्चित लक्ष्य छैन।
02:32
None of the interventions are dealing with the underlying issues.
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यी प्रयासहरू खास मुद्दा सम्बोधन गर्दैनन।
02:35
These are just containment measures, ways of managing a problem.
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यी जबरजस्ती प्रयासहरू मात्र हुन।
02:38
One of the policemen says to me,
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मलार्इ एक प्रहरीले भने-
02:40
"Look, I just deliver the message and then I leave."
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"हेर, म खबरमात्र छाड्छु, अनि फर्कन्छु।"
02:42
So, I've spent time living with families like Ella's
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त्यसैले, संसारका विभिन्न ठाउँहरूमा मैले
02:45
in different parts of the world,
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यस्ता परिवारसँग समय बिताएकी छु।
02:46
because I want to know: what can we learn
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किनकी म हाम्रा संस्थाहरूले काम गर्न नसकेका
02:49
from places where our social institutions just aren't working?
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ठाउँहरूबाट सिक्न चाहन्छु। जान्न चाहन्छु-
02:52
I want to know what it feels like to live in Ella's family.
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एल्लाको जस्तो घरमा बाँच्न कस्तो हुन्छ?
02:55
I want to know what's going on and what we can do differently.
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के भैरहेछ? फरक के गर्न सकिन्छ, जान्नुछ।
02:59
Well, the first thing I learned is that cost is a really slippery concept.
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पैसा झुक्याउने खेल मात्र हो किनकी सरकार नै
03:03
Because when the government says that a family like Ella's
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एल्लाको जस्तो परिवारका लागि लाखौ पाउण्ड
03:06
costs a quarter of a million pounds a year to manage,
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खर्च गरेको बताउँछ। पहिलोकुरा मैले यो जाने।
03:09
what it really means
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खासमा के हो भने
03:10
is that this system costs a quarter of a million pounds a year.
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हाम्रो प्रणालीमा यो खर्च भएको छ।
03:13
Because not one penny of this money actually touches Ella's family
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यसरी एक सुका पनि एल्लाको परिवारमा पुग्दैन
03:16
in a way that makes a difference.
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जसले साँच्चिकै फरक पारोस्।
03:17
Instead, the system is just like this costly gyroscope
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खासमा हाम्रो प्रणाली त्यो गायरोस्कोप हो
03:20
that spins around the families, keeping them stuck at its heart,
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जुन यस्तै परिवार वरिपरी घुम्छ र तीनलार्इ
03:23
exactly where they are.
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उस्तै हालतमा छाडिदिन्छ।
03:25
And I also spent time with the frontline workers,
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र, मैले कार्यक्षेत्रमै खटेकालार्इ पनि भेटे
03:27
and I learned that it is an impossible situation.
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थाहा पाएँ कि यो जटिल अवस्था हो।
03:30
So Tom, who is the social worker for Ella's 14-year-old son Ryan,
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१४ वर्षे रायनको सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता, टोमको
03:35
has to spend 86 percent of his time servicing the system:
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८६प्रतिशत समय प्रणालीको सेवामा बित्छ
03:38
meetings with colleagues, filling out forms,
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सहकर्मीहरूसँग बैठक गर्न, फाराम भर्न
03:41
more meetings with colleagues to discuss the forms,
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फेरि फारामबारे छलफल गर्न
03:43
and maybe most shockingly,
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आश्चर्य त यो छ कि
03:44
the 14 percent of the time he has to be with Ryan
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रायनसँग बित्ने १४% समयपनि विभिन्न जानकारी
03:47
is spent getting data and information for the system.
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सूचना लिदैमा बित्छ।
03:49
So he says to Ryan,
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उनले रायनलार्इ सोध्छन्-
03:51
"How often have you been smoking? Have you been drinking?
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कत्तिको धुम्रपान गर्दछौ? रक्सी पिएका छौ ?
03:53
When did you go to school?"
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बिधालय कहिले गयौ ?
03:55
And this kind of interaction rules out the possibility
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यस्तो सोधपुछले सामान्य बोलचाललार्इ ध्वस्त
03:57
of a normal conversation.
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पार्ने सम्भावना हुन्छ।
03:58
It rules out the possibility of what's needed
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यसले टोम र रायनबीचको सम्बन्ध बनाउन
04:01
to build a relationship between Tom and Ryan.
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आवश्यक सहयोग गर्दैन।
04:04
When we made this chart,
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जहिले यो मानचित्र बनायौं,
04:06
the frontline workers, the professionals --
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फिल्डकर्मचारी, विद्वानहरूले
04:08
they stared at it absolutely amazed.
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छक्क परेर यसलार्इ हेरिरहे
04:10
It snaked around the walls of their offices.
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उनीहरुको कक्षमा यो घस्रिरह्यो।
04:12
So many hours, so well meant, but ultimately so futile.
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धेरै समयसम्म, तर अन्त्यमा परिणामशुन्य ।
04:18
And there was this moment of absolute breakdown,
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र, यो क्षण एकदमै असफलयुक्त रह्रयो,
04:22
and then of clarity:
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अनि स्पष्ट बन्यो कि
04:24
we had to work in a different way.
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हामीले फरक ढंगले काम गर्नुपर्थ्यो।
04:27
So in a really brave step, the leaders of the city where Ella lives
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साहसका साथ एल्लाको शहरका नेताहरूले
04:30
agreed that we could start by reversing Ryan's ratio.
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रायनको अनुपातको ठीक उल्टो गर्न सहमत भए।
04:33
So everyone who came into contact with Ella or a family like Ella's
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जो एल्ला वा उनकोजस्तो परिवारसँग काम गर्छ
04:36
would spend 80 percent of their time working with the families
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अब त्यसले ८०% समय त्यो परिवारसँग र २०%
04:39
and only 20 percent servicing the system.
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समय कार्यालयको काममा बिताउनेछ
04:42
And even more radically,
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अझ उन्नत कुरो यो रह्यो
04:44
the families would lead
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कि परिवारले नै सजिलो
04:45
and they would decide who was in a best position to help them.
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पर्ने हिसाबमा सहयोगी कर्मचारी छान्न पाए।
04:48
So Ella and another mother were asked to be part of an interview panel,
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त्यसैले एल्ला र अर्की आमालार्इ
04:52
to choose from amongst the existing professionals
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उपलब्ध विशेषज्ञ मध्ये एक जना छान्नका लागि
04:54
who would work with them.
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अन्तरवार्तामा बोलार्इयो।
04:56
And many, many people wanted to join us,
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र, धेरै मान्छेहरूले हामीसँग काम गर्न चाहे
04:58
because you don't go into this kind of work to manage a system,
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किनभने यो काममा प्रणाली ब्यवस्थामा नभै
05:01
you go in because you can and you want to make a difference.
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तिमी परिवर्तनका लागि जान्छौ ।
05:04
So Ella and the mother asked everybody who came through the door,
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अनि एल्ला र ती आमाले प्रत्येकलार्इ सोधे-
05:07
"What will you do when my son starts kicking me?"
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"मेरो छोराले मलार्इ कुटे तिमी के गर्छौ?"
05:10
And so the first person who comes in says,
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र, पहिलो ब्यक्तिले भने -
05:12
"Well, I'll look around for the nearest exit
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"अँ, म सबभन्दा नजिकको ढोका खोज्नेछु
05:15
and I will back out very slowly,
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र म बिस्तारै पछि हट्नेछु,
05:17
and if the noise is still going on, I'll call my supervisor."
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अझै हल्लाभए मेरो हाकिमलार्इ बोलाउनेछु।"
05:21
And the mothers go, "You're the system. Get out of here!"
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र, आमाहरुले भने, तिमी जान सक्छौ ।
05:23
And then the next person who comes is a policeman, and he says,
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अर्को मान्छे जो प्रहरी थिए उनले भने, म
05:26
"Well, I'll tackle your son to the ground and then I'm not sure what I'll do."
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उसलार्इ भुइँमा लडाउछु अनि के गर्छु थाछैन।
05:30
And the mothers say, "Thank you."
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र, आमाहरूले धन्यवाद भने।
05:32
So, they chose professionals who confessed
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उनीहरूले गल्ती स्वीकारेकाहरूलार्इ छाने
05:34
they didn't necessarily have the answers,
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किन त्यस्तो गरेँ त्यो उनीहरूले थाहा पाएनन
05:36
who said -- well, they weren't going to talk in jargon.
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भने - कि उनीहरू शब्दजाल बुन्न जान्दैनन।
05:40
They showed their human qualities and convinced the mothers
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उनीहरूले मानवीय गुण देखाए, आमाहरूलार्इ
05:43
that they would stick with them through thick and thin,
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जस्तो बेलामा पनि सहयोग गर्ने बताए
05:46
even though they wouldn't be soft with them.
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हुन सक्छ उनीहरू त्यति सजिला छैनन ।
05:48
So these new teams and the families
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यी नयाँ समू्हहरू र परिवारहरूलार्इ
05:49
were then given a sliver of the former budget,
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केही रकम दिर्इयो
05:52
but they could spend the money in any way they chose.
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जुन उनीहरूले चाहेको कुरामा खर्च गर्न सक्छन
05:54
And so one of the families went out for supper.
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र, एक परिवार रात्रीभोजका लागि निस्के।
05:56
They went to McDonald's and they sat down and they talked and they listened
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धेरै पछि पहिलो पटक उनीहरू म्याकडोनाल्ड
06:00
for the first time in a long time.
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गएँ, बसेँ, कुरा गरे, एक अर्कालार्इ सुने ।
06:02
Another family asked the team
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अर्को परिवारले समूहलार्इ सोध्यो
06:04
if they would help them do up their home.
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कि उनीहरू परिवारलार्इ सहयोग गर्न सक्छन ?
06:07
And one mother took the money
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र एक आमाले पैसा लिर्इन र उनले
06:08
and she used it as a float to start a social enterprise.
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त्यो पैसा सामाजिक व्यवसायमा प्रयोग गरिन
06:12
And in a really short space of time,
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र, छोटो समयमा नै,
06:14
something new started to grow:
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केहि नयाँ हुन थाल्यो -
06:17
a relationship between the team and the workers.
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समूह र कर्मचारीहरूबीच सम्बन्ध बन्यो
06:20
And then some remarkable changes took place.
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र, केहि मननयोग्य परिवर्तनहरू भए।
06:23
Maybe it's not surprising
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सायद यो आश्चर्यजनक होर्इन
06:24
that the journey for Ella has had some big steps backwards
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कि एल्लाको यात्रामा केहि ठूला कदमहरू थिए
06:27
as well as forwards.
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ती पछाडी गए, र अगाडि पनि
06:28
But today, she's completed an IT training course,
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तर आज उनले आर्इटी कोर्श पूरा गरिसकिन,
06:31
she has her first paid job, her children are back in school,
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उनी रोजगार भर्इन, बच्चाहरू स्कुल जानथाले।
06:34
and the neighbors,
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र छिमेकीहरू जो पहिले
06:35
who previously just hoped this family would be moved anywhere
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उनको परिवार त्यहाँबाट सरोस भन्ने चाहन्थे
06:38
except next door to them,
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अहिले उनीहरूसँग केहि
06:40
are fine.
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गुनासो छैन।
06:41
They've made some new friendships.
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उनीहरूले केहि नयाँ मित्रताहरू बनाएका छन।
06:43
And all the same people have been involved in this transformation --
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र, यी तिनै मानिसहरू जो यो परिवर्तनमा
06:47
same families, same workers.
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संलग्न छन, उही परिवार, उही सहकर्मीहरू
06:49
But the relationship between them has been supported to change.
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तर यो सम्बन्धले परिवर्तनमा सघाउ पुर्यायो ।
06:54
So I'm telling you about Ella because I think that relationships
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अतः म एल्लाका बारे भन्दैछु, मलार्इ लाग्छ
06:57
are the critical resource we have
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कठिन समस्याहरू सुल्झाउनलार्इ सम्बन्धहरू
06:59
in solving some of these intractable problems.
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नै हामीसँग उपलब्ध विशेष स्रोतहरू हुन। तर
07:02
But today, our relationships are all but written off
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आज सम्बन्धहरू, राजनीति, सामाजिक नीतिहरू,
07:04
by our politics, our social policies, our welfare institutions.
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र कल्याणकारी संस्थाहरूले निर्क्यौल गर्छन।
07:08
And I've learned that this really has to change.
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र, मलार्इ बोध भयो कि यो फेर्नु जरूरी छ।
07:12
So what do I mean by relationships?
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सम्बन्धहरूका बारेमा मलार्इ के लाग्छ?
07:14
I'm talking about the simple human bonds between us,
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म हामीबिच सामान्य मानवीय वन्धनका बारे
07:17
a kind of authentic sense of connection, of belonging,
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भन्दैछु, यो स्वामित्व, सम्बन्धको त्यस्तो
07:19
the bonds that make us happy, that support us to change,
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साँचो भाव हो, जसले एल्लालार्इ जस्तै नयाँ
07:22
to be brave like Ella and try something new.
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गर्न, परिवर्तन हुन र खुशी हुन मद्दत गर्छ।
07:25
And, you know, it's no accident
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र, तपाइँलार्इ थाहा नै छ, संस्था चलाउने
07:27
that those who run and work in the institutions
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र काम गर्नेले उनीहरू एल्ला र परिवारलार्इ
07:30
that are supposed to support Ella and her family
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मद्दत गर्न कै लागि हुन, सम्बन्धका बारेमा
07:32
don't talk about relationships,
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कुरा गर्न त पक्कै होर्इन, किनकी
07:33
because relationships are expressly designed out of a welfare model
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सम्बन्ध स्पष्ट रूपमै कल्याणकारी विधीसम्मत
07:37
that was drawn up in Britain and exported around the world.
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बेलायतमा बनाइए र विश्वभर आयात गरिए ।
07:41
The contemporaries of William Beveridge,
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विलियम बेभरिड्जका सहकर्मीहरू, जो पहिलो
07:43
who was the architect of the first welfare state
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कल्याणकारी राज्यका पहिलो अभियन्ता थिए र
07:45
and the author of the Beveridge Report,
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बेभरिड्ज प्रतिवेदनका लेखकलार्इ औषत
07:47
had little faith in what they called the average sensual or emotional man.
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भावनात्मक मान्छे थिए भन्ने गर्थे ।
07:51
Instead, they trusted this idea of the impersonal system
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बदलामा उनीहरू यस्तो संवेदनहीन प्रणाली र
07:54
and the bureaucrat who would be detached and work in this system.
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कर्मचारीतन्त्रमा विश्वास गर्न पुगे।
07:58
And the impact of Beveridge
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र, आधुनिक राज्यका सामाजिक मुद्दाहरूमा
08:01
on the way the modern state sees social issues
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वेभरिड्जको प्रभावलार्इ नजरअन्दाज गर्न
08:03
just can't be underestimated.
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कुनै पनि हालतमा सकिदैन।
08:05
The Beveridge Report sold over 100,000 copies
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बेभरिड्ज प्रतिवेदन छापिएको पहिलो सातामै
08:08
in the first weeks of publication alone.
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१ लाख प्रति बिक्री भएको थियो।
08:11
People queued in the rain on a November night to get hold of a copy,
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एकप्रतिका लागि मान्छेहरू रातभर लाम लागे।
08:14
and it was read across the country, across the colonies, across Europe,
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त्यो देशैभरी, उपनिवेश राज्यहरू, यूरोपभरी
08:17
across the United States of America,
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संयुक्तराज्य अमेरिकाभरी पढियो,
08:19
and it had this huge impact
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र, यसले ठूलो प्रभाब पनि पार्यो-
08:21
on the way that welfare states were designed around the globe.
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कल्याणकारीराज्यको योजना निर्माणमा।
08:24
The cultures, the bureaucracies, the institutions -- they are global,
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संस्कृति, प्रशासनिकतन्त्र, संंस्था विश्व-
08:29
and they've come to seem like common sense.
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व्यापीरूपमा एउटै जस्ता देखिन्छन्।
08:31
They've become so ingrained in us,
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ती हाम्रो एकदम सन्निकट छन,
08:34
that actually we don't even see them anymore.
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जसलार्इ हामी देख्दा पनि देख्दैनौं।
08:36
And I think it's really important to say that in the 20th century,
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यो भन्नु जरूरी छ कि २०औं शताब्दीमा ती
08:39
they were remarkably successful, these institutions.
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संस्थाहरू उल्लेखनीय रूपमा सफल थिए।
08:42
They led to longer lifespans, the eradication of mass disease,
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तिनले आयु बढाए, धेरै रोगहरू निराकरण गरे
08:46
mass housing, almost universal education.
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र विश्वब्यापी शिक्षा एवं आवास उन्मुख गराए।
08:49
But at the same time,
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तर, ठिक त्यहि समय,
08:51
Beveridge sowed the seeds of today's challenges.
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बेभरिड्जले आजको चूनौतीको बिजारोपण गरे।
08:55
So let me tell you a second story.
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मलार्इ दोश्रोकथा भन्ने अनुमति दिनुस
08:57
What do you think today is a bigger killer than a lifetime of smoking?
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धुम्रपानका कारण भन्दा बढि मृत्युको कारण
09:05
It's loneliness.
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के लाग्छ तपाइँलार्इ? एक्लोपन !
09:07
According to government statistics, one person over 60 -- one in three --
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सरकारी तथ्याङ्कअनुसार, ६० वर्षका मान्छेहरू
09:12
doesn't speak to or see another person in a week.
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हप्तामा ३ मा १ जनाको कसैसँग देखभेट हुँदैन।
09:16
One person in 10, that's 850,000 people,
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८लाख५० हजारमा, १० मध्य १ जनाले महिनाभर
09:19
doesn't speak to anyone else in a month.
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कसैसँग पनि बोल्दैनन् ।
09:22
And we're not the only people with this problem;
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र, यो समस्या भएका हामी मात्र होर्इनौ‌
09:25
this problem touches the whole of the Western world.
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पूरै पश्चिमी देशमा यो समस्या छ ।
09:27
And it's even more acute in countries like China,
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चीनजस्ता देशमा यो समस्या झन संवेदनशील छ
09:29
where a process of rapid urbanization, mass migration, has left older people
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जहाँ तिब्रतर शहरीकरणले बृद्दहरूलार्इ
09:33
alone in the villages.
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गाउँमै छाडेको छ।
09:35
And so the services that Beveridge designed and exported --
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बेभरिड्जले बनाएको र विश्वव्यापी भएको यो
09:39
they can't address this kind of problem.
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विचारले यसखालका समस्या सम्बोधन गर्दैन।
09:41
Loneliness is like a collective relational challenge,
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एक्लोपन संबंधात्मक सामूहिक चुनौती हो
09:44
and it can't be addressed by a traditional bureaucratic response.
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पूरानो तरिकाले यो सम्बोधन गर्न सकिदैन।
09:48
So some years ago, wanting to understand this problem,
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त्यसैले यो समस्या बुझ्न, केहिवर्ष पहिले
09:51
I started to work with a group of about 60 older people
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६० बृद्दहरूको समूहसँग काम गर्न थाले
09:54
in South London, where I live.
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लन्डनमा, जहाँ म बस्छु।
09:56
I went shopping, I played bingo,
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म किनमेल गर्न गएँ, बिंगो खेलेँ
09:58
but mainly I was just observing and listening.
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तर मुख्यरूपमा सुनेँ अवलोकन गरेँ।
10:00
I wanted to know what we could do differently.
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म थाहा पाउन चाहन्थेँ के फरक गर्न सकिन्छ ?
10:03
And if you ask them, people tell you they want two things.
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तपैंले सोधे, उनीहरू २ चिज गर्न चाहन्छन्र।
10:06
They want somebody to go up a ladder and change a light bulb,
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उनीहरू कोही माथि गएर बत्ति फेरिदिउन वा
10:09
or to be there when they come out of hospital.
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अस्पातालबाट बाहिरिदा साथी होस चाहन्छन।
10:11
They want on-demand, practical support.
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चाहिएकोबेला व्यवहारिक सहयोग चाहन्छन।
10:14
And they want to have fun.
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र, उनीहरू रमाइलो गर्न चाहन्छन्।
10:15
They want to go out, do interesting things with like-minded people,
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बाहिर जान र अरूसँग रमाइलो गर्न चाहन्छन।
10:19
and make friends like we've all made friends at every stage of our lives.
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हामीले जस्तै साथी बनाउन चाहन्छन।
10:23
So we rented a phone line, hired a couple of handymen,
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अनि हामीले फोन लियौ, र केहिमानिसहरू पनि
10:26
and started a service we called "Circle."
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र, सेवा शुरू गर्यौ जसलार्इ 'सर्कल' भन्यौ‌
10:28
And Circle offers its local membership a toll-free 0 800 number
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० ८०० नम्बरको निशुल्क फोनसेवा शुरू गर्यौ
10:32
that they can call on demand for any support.
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ताकी उनीहरुले सहयोग चाहिँदा फोन गर्न सकुन
10:35
And people have called us for so many reasons.
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थुप्रै कारणले उनीहरूले हामीलार्इ फोन गरे
10:37
They've called because their pets are unwell,
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पाल्तु जनावर विरामी हुँदा फोन गरे।
10:39
their DVD is broken, they've forgotten how to use their mobile phone,
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मोबाइल प्रयोग गर्न नजान्दा, डिभीडी बिग्रदा
10:42
or maybe they are coming out of hospital
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अस्पतालबाट घर आउनका लागि साथी चाहिदा
10:44
and they want someone to be there.
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उनीहरूले हामीलार्इ फोन गरेँ।
10:46
And Circle also offers a rich social calendar --
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सर्कलले सामाजिक भित्रेपात्रो पनि बनाएको छ
10:49
knitting, darts, museum tours, hot air ballooning -- you name it.
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बुनाइ, निशाना लगाइ, संग्रहालयभ्रमण, तातो-
10:54
But here's the interesting thing, the really deep change:
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बेलुन, जे भन्नुस, यी रमाइला चीजहरू जसले
10:58
over time, the friendships that have formed
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मित्रताको गाँठो बाँधेको छ, यी चीजहरूलार्इ
11:01
have begun to replace the practical offer.
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मित्रताको सम्बन्धले प्रतिस्थापित गर्यो।
11:04
So let me tell you about Belinda.
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बेलिन्दाका बारेमा बताउन दिनुस ।
11:06
Belinda's a Circle member, and she was going into hospital for a hip operation,
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बेलिन्दा, सर्कलको सदस्य, नितम्ब शल्यक्रिया
11:10
so she called her local Circle to say they wouldn't see her for a bit.
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गर्न अस्पाताल जाँदा सर्कलमा फोन गरिन।
11:14
And Damon, who runs the local Circle, calls her back and says, "How can I help?"
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डेमनले सोधे - कसरी सहयोग गर्न सक्छु?
11:18
And Belinda says, "Oh no, I'm fine --
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बेलिन्दा भन्छिन- हैन ठिकै छ।
11:20
Jocelyn is doing the shopping, Tony's doing the gardening,
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जोसेलिन किनमेल, टोनी बगैंचाको काम गर्छन
11:23
Melissa and Joe are going to come in and cook and chat."
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मेलिसा र जोय खाना पकाउन आउँदैछन
11:26
So five Circle members had organized themselves
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यसरी सर्कलका ५ जना सदस्य मिलेर
11:29
to take care of Belinda.
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बेलिन्दाको स्याहार गर्छन।
11:32
And Belinda's 80, although she says that she feels 25 inside,
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८० बर्षे बेलिन्दा, २५ वर्षको महशुस गर्छिन
11:35
but she also says
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तर उनले यो पनि भन्छिन कि
11:37
that she felt stuck and pretty down when she joined Circle.
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सर्कलमा पहिलो पटक आउँदा निकै अप्ठेरो भो,
11:41
But the simple act of encouraging her to come along to that first event
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तर पहिलो पटकदेखिको सामान्य हार्दिकताले
11:45
led to a process where natural friendships formed,
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मित्रताको बलियो सम्बन्ध बनाउन पुग्यो।
11:48
friendships that today are replacing the need for expensive services.
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यो सम्बन्धले महंगो सेवा प्रतिस्थापित गर्यो
11:53
It's relationships that are making the difference.
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सम्बन्धले नै यो सब पृथकता बनायो।
11:57
So I think that three factors have converged
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मलार्इ लाग्छ तीन तत्वहरू मिलेर नै
12:00
that enable us to put relationships at the heart and center
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अचेलको सामाजिक समस्या समाधानका लागि
12:03
of how we solve social problems today.
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सम्बन्धलार्इ केन्द्रमा राख्न समर्थ हुन्छ।
12:06
Firstly, the nature of the problems --
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पहिलो, समस्याका स्वरूपहरू
12:08
they've changed, and they require different solutions.
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फेरिदा छन र समाधानका फरक उपाय आवश्यक छन।
12:11
Secondly, the cost, human as much as financial, of doing business as usual.
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दोश्रो, पैसा र जनशक्तिको आवश्यक प्रबन्ध
12:15
And thirdly, technology.
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र, तेस्रो प्रविधी।
12:18
I've talked about the first two factors.
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मैले पहिला दुर्इ तत्वका बारे बताइसके
12:20
It's technology that enables these approaches to scale
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प्रविधीले नै दृष्ट्रिकोण मापन र हजारौ
12:23
and potentially now support thousands of people.
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मानिसहरुलार्इ सघाउन सक्षमता राख्दछ।
12:26
So the technology we've used is really simple,
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हामीले प्रयोग गरेको यो प्रविधी सजिलो छ,
12:29
it's made up of available things like databases, mobile phones.
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यो उपलब्ध डेटाबेस र मोबाइलफोनबाट बनेको छ
12:32
Circle has got this very simple system that underpins it,
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सर्कलले यहि विधी अपनाएको छ जसले स्थानीय-
12:35
enables a small local team to support a membership of up to a thousand.
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समूहले हजार सदस्यसम्मलार्इ सघाउन सक्छ।
12:39
And you can contrast this with a neighborhood organization
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यसलार्इ अर्को संस्थासँग तुलना गर्न सकिन्छ
12:42
of the 1970s,
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जुन १९७० मा बनाइएथे
12:43
when this kind of scale just wasn't possible,
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जतिखेर यस्तो खाले विधी सम्भव थिएन
12:45
neither was the quality or the longevity that the spine of technology can provide.
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गुणस्तर वा दीगो जुन प्रविधीले सम्भव हुन्छ।
12:49
So it's relationships underpinned by technology
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त्यसैले सम्बन्ध प्रविधीसँग जोडिएको छ
12:52
that can turn the Beveridge models on their heads.
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जसले बेभरिड्जको विधीलार्इ फेर्न सक्छ।
12:55
The Beveridge models are all about institutions with finite resources,
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बेभरिड्जविधी संस्था र सिमित स्रोतका बारे छ
12:59
anonymously managing access.
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गुमनाम ब्यवस्थापकिय पहुँच।
13:01
In my work at the front line,
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मैले मेरो कार्यक्षेत्रमा देखेकी छु
13:03
I've seen again and again how up to 80 percent of resource
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कसरी स्रोतको ८०% मानिसहरूसम्म नपुगी
13:07
is spent keeping people out.
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खर्च भैरहेको छ।
13:09
So professionals have to administer
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अधिकारीहरूले बढ्दै गएको प्रशासनिक
13:10
these increasingly complex forms of administration
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जटिलताको ब्यवस्थापन गर्नुपर्छ जुन
13:13
that are basically about stopping people accessing the service
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सेवाको पहुँचबाट मानिसहरूलार्इ रोकिरहेछ
13:16
or managing the queue.
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वा, लाममा उभ्याइरहेछ।
13:18
And Circle, like the relational services that we and others have designed,
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र, हामीहरूको संबंधात्मक सर्कलको प्रारूप
13:23
inverts this logic.
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यो तर्कको ठिक उल्टो छ।
13:24
What it says is, the more people, the more relationships,
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यो भन्छ, जति धेरै मान्छे त्यति धेरै संबन्ध
13:28
the stronger the solution.
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र बलियो समाधान ।
13:31
So I want to tell you my third and final story,
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म मेरो अन्तिम कथा भन्छु
13:34
which is about unemployment.
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जुन बेरोजगारी सम्बन्धी छ।
13:37
In Britain, as in most places in the world,
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धेरै ठाउँहरूमा झैं बेलायतमा
13:40
our welfare states were primarily designed
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हाम्रा कल्याणकारी राज्यहरू मानिसहरूलार्इ
13:42
to get people into work,
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काम दिलाउन र शिक्षा दिनका लागि
13:45
to educate them for this,
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बनाइएका थिए, ताकी
13:47
and to keep them healthy.
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उनीहरूलार्इ स्वस्थ राख्न सकियोस् ।
13:49
But here, too, the systems are failing.
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तर, यहाँपनि प्रणालीहरू असफल भैरहेछन
13:51
And so the response has been
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र, यसलार्इ ठीक पार्नका लागि
13:52
to try and make these old systems even more efficient and transactional --
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यी पुराना प्रणालीहरू प्रभावकारी बनाइँदैछ
13:56
to speed up processing times, divide people into ever-smaller categories,
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जसले प्रक्रियालार्इ छोट्याएर मानिसलार्इ
14:00
try and target services at them more efficiently -- in other words,
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विशेष्टीकरण गर्ने प्रयास भएका छन्।
14:03
the very opposite of relational.
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यो संबंधात्मक विधीको उल्टो छ।
14:07
But guess how most people find work today?
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अनुमान गर्नुस् कतिले काम पाएका छन् अचेल?
14:11
Through word of mouth.
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भनसुनका आधारमा,
14:13
It turns out that in Britain today, most new jobs are not advertised.
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आज बेलायतमा धेरै जागिरको बिज्ञापन हुँदैन
14:18
So it's friends that tell you about a job,
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साथीले तपाइँलार्इ जागिरकाे बारे भन्छ।
14:20
it's friends that recommend you for a job,
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साथीले नै यसका लागि सिफारीश गर्छ। यो उन्नत
14:22
and it's a rich and diverse social network that helps you find work.
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विविध सामाजिक संजालले काम पाउन सजिलो छ
14:26
Maybe some of you here this evening are thinking,
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सायद यहाँ उपस्थित केहिले सोच्दैहुनुहोला
14:29
"But I found my job through an advert,"
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"मैले बिज्ञापनबाटै जागिर पाएको हुँ।"
14:31
but if you think back, it was probably a friend that showed you the ad
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सायद कुनै साथीले त्यो एड देखाएको होला?
14:34
and then encouraged you to apply.
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आवेदनका लागि प्रेरित गर्यो होला।
14:35
But not surprisingly,
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अनौठो नमान्नुस
14:37
people who perhaps most need this rich and diverse network
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जसलार्इ विविध संजाल आवश्यक छ,
14:40
are those who are most isolated from it.
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ती नै यसबारे बेखबर छन् ।
14:43
So knowing this,
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यो थाहा पाउँदै,
14:44
and also knowing about the costs and failure of current systems,
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लगानी र चालू प्रणालीको असफलता थाहापाउँदै
14:47
we designed something new with relationships at its heart.
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सम्बन्धलार्इ केन्द्रमा राखेर हामीले बनायौं
14:50
We designed a service that encourages people to meet up,
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अरूहरूलार्इ भेट्ने प्रेरणा दिने सेवा बनायौ
14:56
people in and out of work,
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काम भित्र वा बाहिरका मान्छेहरू
14:57
to work together in structured ways
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एकै संरचनामा काम गर्दै नयाँ अवसर
14:59
and try new opportunities.
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रोज्न सक्षम हुने प्रणाली बनायौं।
15:02
And, well, it's very hard to compare the results of these new systems
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र, नयाँ प्रणालीको नतिजा पुरानो प्रणालीको
15:06
with the old transactional models,
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नतिजासँग तुलना गर्न गार्हो छ।
15:07
but it looks like, with our first 1,000 members,
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तर हाम्रा १ हजार सदस्यहरूसँगै
15:10
we outperformed existing services by a factor of three,
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बिद्यमान प्रणालीभन्दा राम्रो गर्यौ।
15:13
at a fraction of the cost.
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त्यो मूल्यका आधारमा होस् या
15:15
And here, too, we've used technology,
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प्रविधीको प्रयोगका आधारमा ।
15:18
but not to network people in the way that a social platform would do.
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तर सामाजिकसंजालले जस्तो संजाल बनाउन हैन।
15:21
We've used it to bring people face to face and connect them with each other,
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हामीले मानिसहरूलार्इ आमनेसामने गरायौं।
15:25
building real relationships and supporting people to find work.
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साँचो सम्बन्ध बनायौ‌ र काम भेट्न सघायौं।
15:30
At the end of his life, in 1948,
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१९४८ मा, जीवनको अन्त्यमा,
15:33
Beveridge wrote a third report.
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बेभरिड्जले तेस्रो प्रतिवेदन लेखे
15:35
And in it he said he had made a dreadful mistake.
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उनले यसमा भने, उनले भयानक गल्ती गरे।
15:40
He had left people and their communities out.
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मानिसहरूलार्इ समुदायसँग बिच्छेद गराए।
15:45
And this omission, he said, led to seeing people,
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उनले भने यस त्रुटीले मानिसहरूलार्इ
15:49
and people starting to see themselves,
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प्रशासनिकतन्त्र र संस्थाको बर्गिकरणमा
15:51
within the categories of the bureaucracies and the institutions.
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आफैलार्इ प्रतिबिम्बित गरायो।
15:55
And human relationships were already withering.
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र, मानव संबन्ध स्खलित बनाउँदै गयो।
15:59
But unfortunately, this third report was much less read
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तर दुर्भाग्य बेभरिड्जको अरू प्रतिवेदनभन्दा
16:02
than Beveridge's earlier work.
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तेस्रो प्रतिबेदन कमैले पढे।
16:05
But today, we need to bring people and their communities
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तर आज मानिस र समुदायहरूलार्इ नयाँ प्रणाली
16:09
back into the heart of the way we design new systems and new services,
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र नयाँ सेवाको केन्द्रमा ल्याउनु जरूरी छ ।
16:13
in an approach that I call "Relational Welfare."
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त्यो दृष्ट्रिकोण, संबंधात्मक कल्याण
16:16
We need to leave behind these old, transactional,
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हामीले यो पुरानो, जिर्ण, असुहाउँदो
16:18
unsuitable, outdated models,
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मिति सकिएको प्रणाली छाड्नुपर्छ।
16:20
and we need to adopt instead the shared collective relational responses
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र, हामीले यो सामूहिक संबंधात्मक प्रणाली
16:24
that can support a family like Ella's,
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जसले एल्लाको जस्तो परिवारलार्इ सहयोग गर्न
16:26
that can address an issue like loneliness,
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एक्लोपन हटाउने प्रणाली अंगिकार गर्नुपर्छ
16:29
that can support people into work and up the skills curve
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यसले आधुनिक श्रमबजारमा मानिसहरूलार्इ सीपको
16:31
in a modern labor market,
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विशिष्टतासँगै काम दिन सक्छ।
16:33
that can also address challenges of education, of health care systems,
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यसले शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी चूनौतीहरु
16:37
and so many more of those problems that are pressing on our societies.
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झैं अरू समस्याहरूको सम्बोधन गर्न सक्छ।
16:42
It is all about relationships.
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यो सबै सम्बन्धसँग सम्बन्धित छ ।
16:45
Relationships are the critical resource we have.
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सम्बन्धहरू हामीसँग उपलब्ध जरूरी स्रोत हुन।
16:48
Thank you.
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धन्यवाद ।
16:49
(Applause)
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(ताली)
यस वेबसाइटको बारेमा

यो साइटले तपाईंलाई अंग्रेजी सिक्नका लागि उपयोगी YouTube भिडियोहरूसँग परिचय गराउनेछ। तपाईंले संसारभरका शीर्ष-निशान शिक्षकहरूद्वारा पढाइएका अंग्रेजी पाठहरू देख्नुहुनेछ। त्यहाँबाट भिडियो प्ले गर्नको लागि प्रत्येक भिडियो पृष्ठमा प्रदर्शित अंग्रेजी उपशीर्षकहरूमा डबल-क्लिक गर्नुहोस्। उपशीर्षकहरू भिडियो प्लेब्याकसँग सिङ्कमा स्क्रोल हुन्छन्। यदि तपाइँसँग कुनै टिप्पणी वा अनुरोधहरू छन् भने, कृपया यो सम्पर्क फारम प्रयोग गरेर हामीलाई सम्पर्क गर्नुहोस्।

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