Social Services Are Broken. How We Can Fix Them | Hilary Cottam | TED.com

Translator: Nirajan Thapa Reviewer: Deepak Basyal

I want to tell you three stories

म तपाइँहरूलार्इ ३ वटा कथाहरू भन्नेछु

about the power of relationships

सम्बन्धहरूको शक्तिका बारेमा

to solve the deep and complex social problems of this century.

जसले शताब्दीकै सघन समस्याहरू सुल्झाउछन ।

You know, sometimes it seems like all these problems

कहिलेकाही यस्तो देखिन्छ

of poverty, inequality, ill health, unemployment, violence, addiction --

कि गरिवी, असमानता, अस्वस्थता, हिंसा,

they're right there in one person's life.

सबै समस्याहरू त्यही ब्यक्तीसँग मात्र छ

So I want to tell you about someone like this that I know.

मैले चिनेको त्यस्तै एकजनाको बारे बताउँछु

I'm going to call her Ella.

म उसलार्इ एल्ला भन्नेछु

Ella lives in a British city on a run down estate.

एल्ला एउटा बेलायती शहरमा बस्छे

The shops are closed, the pub's gone,

जहाँ पसल, भट्टी बन्द छन

the playground's pretty desolate and never used,

खेलमैदान उजाड छ

and inside Ella's house, the tension is palpable

र, एल्लाको घरभित्र तनाव छ

and the noise levels are deafening.

केहि सुन्नै नसकिने हल्ला छ।

The TV's on at full volume.

टिभी पूरै चर्को आवाजमा खोलिएको छ।

One of her sons is fighting with one of her daughters.

उनको एक छोरा अर्को छोरीसँग लडिरहेछ।

Another son, Ryan, is keeping up this constant stream of abuse from the kitchen,

अर्को छोरा रायन भान्छाबाट मुख छाड्दैछ

and the dogs are locked behind the bedroom door and straining.

र शयनकक्षको ढोकापछि थुनेको कुकुर भुक्दैछ

Ella is stuck.

एल्ला किंकर्तब्यबिमूढ भएकीछिन

She has lived with crisis for 40 years.

उनी ४० बर्षदेखि यो समस्यामा छिन

She knows nothing else, and she knows no way out.

उनले केहि मेसो पाएकी छैनिन, उपायहिन छिन

She's had a whole series of abusive partners,

उनका सबै सहयात्रीहरू अभद्र थिए

and, tragically, one of her children has been taken into care by social services.

दुखको कुरो, उनको एक छोरा संस्थाले लगेको छ

The three children that still live with her

उनीसँग बस्नै तीनैजना बच्चाहरू

suffer from a whole range of problems, and none of them are in education.

समस्याग्रस्त बाँचेका छन, स्कुल जाँदैनन

And Ella says to me that she is repeating the cycle

एल्ला भन्छिन - उनी आफ्नी आमाको

of her own mother's life before her.

जस्तै जीवन दोहोर्याएकी छिन

But when I met Ella, there were 73 different services

मैले एल्लालार्इ भेट्दा त्यो शहरमा

on offer for her and her family in the city where she lives,

७३ वटा विभिन्न सेवाहरू उपलब्ध् थिए।

73 different services run out of 24 departments in one city,

ती ७३ सेवाका २४ फरक विभागहरू छन, जो

and Ella and her partners and her children were known to most of them.

एल्ला, उनका केटाहरू, बच्चाहरूसँग परिचित छन

They think nothing of calling social services

उनीहरू तनाव ब्यवस्थापनमा ती संस्थाको

to try and mediate one of the many arguments that broke out.

सहयोग लिने बारे सोचिरहेका छैनन

And the family home was visited on a regular basis by social workers,

सामाजिक/युवा कार्यकर्ताहरू, स्वास्थ्य सेवी

youth workers, a health officer, a housing officer, a home tutor

गृह ब्ववस्थापक र प्रहरीहरू नियमितजसो

and the local policemen.

त्यो परिवारलार्इ भेट्ने गर्थे।

And the governments say that there are 100,000 families

सरकार भन्छ, आज बेलायतमा एल्लाको जस्तै

in Britain today like Ella's,

१ लाख परिवारहरू छन, जो आर्थिक, सामाजिक

struggling to break the cycle of economic, social and environmental deprivation.

वातावरणीय वंचितीकरण मुक्तहुन संघर्षरत छन।

And they also say that managing this problem

र, उनीहरू भन्छन समस्या व्यवस्थापनमा प्रति

costs a quarter of a million pounds per family per year

वर्ष प्रति परिवार साढे दुर्इलाख पाउण्ड

and yet nothing changes.

खर्चदा पनि समस्या उस्तै छ ।

None of these well-meaning visitors are making a difference.

कुनै प्रयासले केहि फरक पारेको छैन

This is a chart we made in the same city with another family like Ella's.

एल्लाको जस्तै अर्को घरको मानचित्र हो यो

This shows 30 years of intervention in that family's life.

यो चित्रले ३० वर्षसम्मको मध्यस्थता देखाउँछ

And just as with Ella, not one of these interventions is part of an overall plan.

एल्लाकोझैं यी पनि एक योजनाका अंग होइनन।

There's no end goal in sight.

यसमा निश्चित लक्ष्य छैन।

None of the interventions are dealing with the underlying issues.

यी प्रयासहरू खास मुद्दा सम्बोधन गर्दैनन।

These are just containment measures, ways of managing a problem.

यी जबरजस्ती प्रयासहरू मात्र हुन।

One of the policemen says to me,

मलार्इ एक प्रहरीले भने-

"Look, I just deliver the message and then I leave."

"हेर, म खबरमात्र छाड्छु, अनि फर्कन्छु।"

So, I've spent time living with families like Ella's

त्यसैले, संसारका विभिन्न ठाउँहरूमा मैले

in different parts of the world,

यस्ता परिवारसँग समय बिताएकी छु।

because I want to know: what can we learn

किनकी म हाम्रा संस्थाहरूले काम गर्न नसकेका

from places where our social institutions just aren't working?

ठाउँहरूबाट सिक्न चाहन्छु। जान्न चाहन्छु-

I want to know what it feels like to live in Ella's family.

एल्लाको जस्तो घरमा बाँच्न कस्तो हुन्छ?

I want to know what's going on and what we can do differently.

के भैरहेछ? फरक के गर्न सकिन्छ, जान्नुछ।

Well, the first thing I learned is that cost is a really slippery concept.

पैसा झुक्याउने खेल मात्र हो किनकी सरकार नै

Because when the government says that a family like Ella's

एल्लाको जस्तो परिवारका लागि लाखौ पाउण्ड

costs a quarter of a million pounds a year to manage,

खर्च गरेको बताउँछ। पहिलोकुरा मैले यो जाने।

what it really means

खासमा के हो भने

is that this system costs a quarter of a million pounds a year.

हाम्रो प्रणालीमा यो खर्च भएको छ।

Because not one penny of this money actually touches Ella's family

यसरी एक सुका पनि एल्लाको परिवारमा पुग्दैन

in a way that makes a difference.

जसले साँच्चिकै फरक पारोस्।

Instead, the system is just like this costly gyroscope

खासमा हाम्रो प्रणाली त्यो गायरोस्कोप हो

that spins around the families, keeping them stuck at its heart,

जुन यस्तै परिवार वरिपरी घुम्छ र तीनलार्इ

exactly where they are.

उस्तै हालतमा छाडिदिन्छ।

And I also spent time with the frontline workers,

र, मैले कार्यक्षेत्रमै खटेकालार्इ पनि भेटे

and I learned that it is an impossible situation.

थाहा पाएँ कि यो जटिल अवस्था हो।

So Tom, who is the social worker for Ella's 14-year-old son Ryan,

१४ वर्षे रायनको सामाजिक कार्यकर्ता, टोमको

has to spend 86 percent of his time servicing the system:

८६प्रतिशत समय प्रणालीको सेवामा बित्छ

meetings with colleagues, filling out forms,

सहकर्मीहरूसँग बैठक गर्न, फाराम भर्न

more meetings with colleagues to discuss the forms,

फेरि फारामबारे छलफल गर्न

and maybe most shockingly,

आश्चर्य त यो छ कि

the 14 percent of the time he has to be with Ryan

रायनसँग बित्ने १४% समयपनि विभिन्न जानकारी

is spent getting data and information for the system.

सूचना लिदैमा बित्छ।

So he says to Ryan,

उनले रायनलार्इ सोध्छन्-

"How often have you been smoking? Have you been drinking?

कत्तिको धुम्रपान गर्दछौ? रक्सी पिएका छौ ?

When did you go to school?"

बिधालय कहिले गयौ ?

And this kind of interaction rules out the possibility

यस्तो सोधपुछले सामान्य बोलचाललार्इ ध्वस्त

of a normal conversation.

पार्ने सम्भावना हुन्छ।

It rules out the possibility of what's needed

यसले टोम र रायनबीचको सम्बन्ध बनाउन

to build a relationship between Tom and Ryan.

आवश्यक सहयोग गर्दैन।

When we made this chart,

जहिले यो मानचित्र बनायौं,

the frontline workers, the professionals --

फिल्डकर्मचारी, विद्वानहरूले

they stared at it absolutely amazed.

छक्क परेर यसलार्इ हेरिरहे

It snaked around the walls of their offices.

उनीहरुको कक्षमा यो घस्रिरह्यो।

So many hours, so well meant, but ultimately so futile.

धेरै समयसम्म, तर अन्त्यमा परिणामशुन्य ।

And there was this moment of absolute breakdown,

र, यो क्षण एकदमै असफलयुक्त रह्रयो,

and then of clarity:

अनि स्पष्ट बन्यो कि

we had to work in a different way.

हामीले फरक ढंगले काम गर्नुपर्थ्यो।

So in a really brave step, the leaders of the city where Ella lives

साहसका साथ एल्लाको शहरका नेताहरूले

agreed that we could start by reversing Ryan's ratio.

रायनको अनुपातको ठीक उल्टो गर्न सहमत भए।

So everyone who came into contact with Ella or a family like Ella's

जो एल्ला वा उनकोजस्तो परिवारसँग काम गर्छ

would spend 80 percent of their time working with the families

अब त्यसले ८०% समय त्यो परिवारसँग र २०%

and only 20 percent servicing the system.

समय कार्यालयको काममा बिताउनेछ

And even more radically,

अझ उन्नत कुरो यो रह्यो

the families would lead

कि परिवारले नै सजिलो

and they would decide who was in a best position to help them.

पर्ने हिसाबमा सहयोगी कर्मचारी छान्न पाए।

So Ella and another mother were asked to be part of an interview panel,

त्यसैले एल्ला र अर्की आमालार्इ

to choose from amongst the existing professionals

उपलब्ध विशेषज्ञ मध्ये एक जना छान्नका लागि

who would work with them.

अन्तरवार्तामा बोलार्इयो।

And many, many people wanted to join us,

र, धेरै मान्छेहरूले हामीसँग काम गर्न चाहे

because you don't go into this kind of work to manage a system,

किनभने यो काममा प्रणाली ब्यवस्थामा नभै

you go in because you can and you want to make a difference.

तिमी परिवर्तनका लागि जान्छौ ।

So Ella and the mother asked everybody who came through the door,

अनि एल्ला र ती आमाले प्रत्येकलार्इ सोधे-

"What will you do when my son starts kicking me?"

"मेरो छोराले मलार्इ कुटे तिमी के गर्छौ?"

And so the first person who comes in says,

र, पहिलो ब्यक्तिले भने -

"Well, I'll look around for the nearest exit

"अँ, म सबभन्दा नजिकको ढोका खोज्नेछु

and I will back out very slowly,

र म बिस्तारै पछि हट्नेछु,

and if the noise is still going on, I'll call my supervisor."

अझै हल्लाभए मेरो हाकिमलार्इ बोलाउनेछु।"

And the mothers go, "You're the system. Get out of here!"

र, आमाहरुले भने, तिमी जान सक्छौ ।

And then the next person who comes is a policeman, and he says,

अर्को मान्छे जो प्रहरी थिए उनले भने, म

"Well, I'll tackle your son to the ground and then I'm not sure what I'll do."

उसलार्इ भुइँमा लडाउछु अनि के गर्छु थाछैन।

And the mothers say, "Thank you."

र, आमाहरूले धन्यवाद भने।

So, they chose professionals who confessed

उनीहरूले गल्ती स्वीकारेकाहरूलार्इ छाने

they didn't necessarily have the answers,

किन त्यस्तो गरेँ त्यो उनीहरूले थाहा पाएनन

who said -- well, they weren't going to talk in jargon.

भने - कि उनीहरू शब्दजाल बुन्न जान्दैनन।

They showed their human qualities and convinced the mothers

उनीहरूले मानवीय गुण देखाए, आमाहरूलार्इ

that they would stick with them through thick and thin,

जस्तो बेलामा पनि सहयोग गर्ने बताए

even though they wouldn't be soft with them.

हुन सक्छ उनीहरू त्यति सजिला छैनन ।

So these new teams and the families

यी नयाँ समू्हहरू र परिवारहरूलार्इ

were then given a sliver of the former budget,

केही रकम दिर्इयो

but they could spend the money in any way they chose.

जुन उनीहरूले चाहेको कुरामा खर्च गर्न सक्छन

And so one of the families went out for supper.

र, एक परिवार रात्रीभोजका लागि निस्के।

They went to McDonald's and they sat down and they talked and they listened

धेरै पछि पहिलो पटक उनीहरू म्याकडोनाल्ड

for the first time in a long time.

गएँ, बसेँ, कुरा गरे, एक अर्कालार्इ सुने ।

Another family asked the team

अर्को परिवारले समूहलार्इ सोध्यो

if they would help them do up their home.

कि उनीहरू परिवारलार्इ सहयोग गर्न सक्छन ?

And one mother took the money

र एक आमाले पैसा लिर्इन र उनले

and she used it as a float to start a social enterprise.

त्यो पैसा सामाजिक व्यवसायमा प्रयोग गरिन

And in a really short space of time,

र, छोटो समयमा नै,

something new started to grow:

केहि नयाँ हुन थाल्यो -

a relationship between the team and the workers.

समूह र कर्मचारीहरूबीच सम्बन्ध बन्यो

And then some remarkable changes took place.

र, केहि मननयोग्य परिवर्तनहरू भए।

Maybe it's not surprising

सायद यो आश्चर्यजनक होर्इन

that the journey for Ella has had some big steps backwards

कि एल्लाको यात्रामा केहि ठूला कदमहरू थिए

as well as forwards.

ती पछाडी गए, र अगाडि पनि

But today, she's completed an IT training course,

तर आज उनले आर्इटी कोर्श पूरा गरिसकिन,

she has her first paid job, her children are back in school,

उनी रोजगार भर्इन, बच्चाहरू स्कुल जानथाले।

and the neighbors,

र छिमेकीहरू जो पहिले

who previously just hoped this family would be moved anywhere

उनको परिवार त्यहाँबाट सरोस भन्ने चाहन्थे

except next door to them,

अहिले उनीहरूसँग केहि

are fine.

गुनासो छैन।

They've made some new friendships.

उनीहरूले केहि नयाँ मित्रताहरू बनाएका छन।

And all the same people have been involved in this transformation --

र, यी तिनै मानिसहरू जो यो परिवर्तनमा

same families, same workers.

संलग्न छन, उही परिवार, उही सहकर्मीहरू

But the relationship between them has been supported to change.

तर यो सम्बन्धले परिवर्तनमा सघाउ पुर्यायो ।

So I'm telling you about Ella because I think that relationships

अतः म एल्लाका बारे भन्दैछु, मलार्इ लाग्छ

are the critical resource we have

कठिन समस्याहरू सुल्झाउनलार्इ सम्बन्धहरू

in solving some of these intractable problems.

नै हामीसँग उपलब्ध विशेष स्रोतहरू हुन। तर

But today, our relationships are all but written off

आज सम्बन्धहरू, राजनीति, सामाजिक नीतिहरू,

by our politics, our social policies, our welfare institutions.

र कल्याणकारी संस्थाहरूले निर्क्यौल गर्छन।

And I've learned that this really has to change.

र, मलार्इ बोध भयो कि यो फेर्नु जरूरी छ।

So what do I mean by relationships?

सम्बन्धहरूका बारेमा मलार्इ के लाग्छ?

I'm talking about the simple human bonds between us,

म हामीबिच सामान्य मानवीय वन्धनका बारे

a kind of authentic sense of connection, of belonging,

भन्दैछु, यो स्वामित्व, सम्बन्धको त्यस्तो

the bonds that make us happy, that support us to change,

साँचो भाव हो, जसले एल्लालार्इ जस्तै नयाँ

to be brave like Ella and try something new.

गर्न, परिवर्तन हुन र खुशी हुन मद्दत गर्छ।

And, you know, it's no accident

र, तपाइँलार्इ थाहा नै छ, संस्था चलाउने

that those who run and work in the institutions

र काम गर्नेले उनीहरू एल्ला र परिवारलार्इ

that are supposed to support Ella and her family

मद्दत गर्न कै लागि हुन, सम्बन्धका बारेमा

don't talk about relationships,

कुरा गर्न त पक्कै होर्इन, किनकी

because relationships are expressly designed out of a welfare model

सम्बन्ध स्पष्ट रूपमै कल्याणकारी विधीसम्मत

that was drawn up in Britain and exported around the world.

बेलायतमा बनाइए र विश्वभर आयात गरिए ।

The contemporaries of William Beveridge,

विलियम बेभरिड्जका सहकर्मीहरू, जो पहिलो

who was the architect of the first welfare state

कल्याणकारी राज्यका पहिलो अभियन्ता थिए र

and the author of the Beveridge Report,

बेभरिड्ज प्रतिवेदनका लेखकलार्इ औषत

had little faith in what they called the average sensual or emotional man.

भावनात्मक मान्छे थिए भन्ने गर्थे ।

Instead, they trusted this idea of the impersonal system

बदलामा उनीहरू यस्तो संवेदनहीन प्रणाली र

and the bureaucrat who would be detached and work in this system.

कर्मचारीतन्त्रमा विश्वास गर्न पुगे।

And the impact of Beveridge

र, आधुनिक राज्यका सामाजिक मुद्दाहरूमा

on the way the modern state sees social issues

वेभरिड्जको प्रभावलार्इ नजरअन्दाज गर्न

just can't be underestimated.

कुनै पनि हालतमा सकिदैन।

The Beveridge Report sold over 100,000 copies

बेभरिड्ज प्रतिवेदन छापिएको पहिलो सातामै

in the first weeks of publication alone.

१ लाख प्रति बिक्री भएको थियो।

People queued in the rain on a November night to get hold of a copy,

एकप्रतिका लागि मान्छेहरू रातभर लाम लागे।

and it was read across the country, across the colonies, across Europe,

त्यो देशैभरी, उपनिवेश राज्यहरू, यूरोपभरी

across the United States of America,

संयुक्तराज्य अमेरिकाभरी पढियो,

and it had this huge impact

र, यसले ठूलो प्रभाब पनि पार्यो-

on the way that welfare states were designed around the globe.

कल्याणकारीराज्यको योजना निर्माणमा।

The cultures, the bureaucracies, the institutions -- they are global,

संस्कृति, प्रशासनिकतन्त्र, संंस्था विश्व-

and they've come to seem like common sense.

व्यापीरूपमा एउटै जस्ता देखिन्छन्।

They've become so ingrained in us,

ती हाम्रो एकदम सन्निकट छन,

that actually we don't even see them anymore.

जसलार्इ हामी देख्दा पनि देख्दैनौं।

And I think it's really important to say that in the 20th century,

यो भन्नु जरूरी छ कि २०औं शताब्दीमा ती

they were remarkably successful, these institutions.

संस्थाहरू उल्लेखनीय रूपमा सफल थिए।

They led to longer lifespans, the eradication of mass disease,

तिनले आयु बढाए, धेरै रोगहरू निराकरण गरे

mass housing, almost universal education.

र विश्वब्यापी शिक्षा एवं आवास उन्मुख गराए।

But at the same time,

तर, ठिक त्यहि समय,

Beveridge sowed the seeds of today's challenges.

बेभरिड्जले आजको चूनौतीको बिजारोपण गरे।

So let me tell you a second story.

मलार्इ दोश्रोकथा भन्ने अनुमति दिनुस

What do you think today is a bigger killer than a lifetime of smoking?

धुम्रपानका कारण भन्दा बढि मृत्युको कारण

It's loneliness.

के लाग्छ तपाइँलार्इ? एक्लोपन !

According to government statistics, one person over 60 -- one in three --

सरकारी तथ्याङ्कअनुसार, ६० वर्षका मान्छेहरू

doesn't speak to or see another person in a week.

हप्तामा ३ मा १ जनाको कसैसँग देखभेट हुँदैन।

One person in 10, that's 850,000 people,

८लाख५० हजारमा, १० मध्य १ जनाले महिनाभर

doesn't speak to anyone else in a month.

कसैसँग पनि बोल्दैनन् ।

And we're not the only people with this problem;

र, यो समस्या भएका हामी मात्र होर्इनौ‌

this problem touches the whole of the Western world.

पूरै पश्चिमी देशमा यो समस्या छ ।

And it's even more acute in countries like China,

चीनजस्ता देशमा यो समस्या झन संवेदनशील छ

where a process of rapid urbanization, mass migration, has left older people

जहाँ तिब्रतर शहरीकरणले बृद्दहरूलार्इ

alone in the villages.

गाउँमै छाडेको छ।

And so the services that Beveridge designed and exported --

बेभरिड्जले बनाएको र विश्वव्यापी भएको यो

they can't address this kind of problem.

विचारले यसखालका समस्या सम्बोधन गर्दैन।

Loneliness is like a collective relational challenge,

एक्लोपन संबंधात्मक सामूहिक चुनौती हो

and it can't be addressed by a traditional bureaucratic response.

पूरानो तरिकाले यो सम्बोधन गर्न सकिदैन।

So some years ago, wanting to understand this problem,

त्यसैले यो समस्या बुझ्न, केहिवर्ष पहिले

I started to work with a group of about 60 older people

६० बृद्दहरूको समूहसँग काम गर्न थाले

in South London, where I live.

लन्डनमा, जहाँ म बस्छु।

I went shopping, I played bingo,

म किनमेल गर्न गएँ, बिंगो खेलेँ

but mainly I was just observing and listening.

तर मुख्यरूपमा सुनेँ अवलोकन गरेँ।

I wanted to know what we could do differently.

म थाहा पाउन चाहन्थेँ के फरक गर्न सकिन्छ ?

And if you ask them, people tell you they want two things.

तपैंले सोधे, उनीहरू २ चिज गर्न चाहन्छन्र।

They want somebody to go up a ladder and change a light bulb,

उनीहरू कोही माथि गएर बत्ति फेरिदिउन वा

or to be there when they come out of hospital.

अस्पातालबाट बाहिरिदा साथी होस चाहन्छन।

They want on-demand, practical support.

चाहिएकोबेला व्यवहारिक सहयोग चाहन्छन।

And they want to have fun.

र, उनीहरू रमाइलो गर्न चाहन्छन्।

They want to go out, do interesting things with like-minded people,

बाहिर जान र अरूसँग रमाइलो गर्न चाहन्छन।

and make friends like we've all made friends at every stage of our lives.

हामीले जस्तै साथी बनाउन चाहन्छन।

So we rented a phone line, hired a couple of handymen,

अनि हामीले फोन लियौ, र केहिमानिसहरू पनि

and started a service we called "Circle."

र, सेवा शुरू गर्यौ जसलार्इ 'सर्कल' भन्यौ‌

And Circle offers its local membership a toll-free 0 800 number

० ८०० नम्बरको निशुल्क फोनसेवा शुरू गर्यौ

that they can call on demand for any support.

ताकी उनीहरुले सहयोग चाहिँदा फोन गर्न सकुन

And people have called us for so many reasons.

थुप्रै कारणले उनीहरूले हामीलार्इ फोन गरे

They've called because their pets are unwell,

पाल्तु जनावर विरामी हुँदा फोन गरे।

their DVD is broken, they've forgotten how to use their mobile phone,

मोबाइल प्रयोग गर्न नजान्दा, डिभीडी बिग्रदा

or maybe they are coming out of hospital

अस्पतालबाट घर आउनका लागि साथी चाहिदा

and they want someone to be there.

उनीहरूले हामीलार्इ फोन गरेँ।

And Circle also offers a rich social calendar --

सर्कलले सामाजिक भित्रेपात्रो पनि बनाएको छ

knitting, darts, museum tours, hot air ballooning -- you name it.

बुनाइ, निशाना लगाइ, संग्रहालयभ्रमण, तातो-

But here's the interesting thing, the really deep change:

बेलुन, जे भन्नुस, यी रमाइला चीजहरू जसले

over time, the friendships that have formed

मित्रताको गाँठो बाँधेको छ, यी चीजहरूलार्इ

have begun to replace the practical offer.

मित्रताको सम्बन्धले प्रतिस्थापित गर्यो।

So let me tell you about Belinda.

बेलिन्दाका बारेमा बताउन दिनुस ।

Belinda's a Circle member, and she was going into hospital for a hip operation,

बेलिन्दा, सर्कलको सदस्य, नितम्ब शल्यक्रिया

so she called her local Circle to say they wouldn't see her for a bit.

गर्न अस्पाताल जाँदा सर्कलमा फोन गरिन।

And Damon, who runs the local Circle, calls her back and says, "How can I help?"

डेमनले सोधे - कसरी सहयोग गर्न सक्छु?

And Belinda says, "Oh no, I'm fine --

बेलिन्दा भन्छिन- हैन ठिकै छ।

Jocelyn is doing the shopping, Tony's doing the gardening,

जोसेलिन किनमेल, टोनी बगैंचाको काम गर्छन

Melissa and Joe are going to come in and cook and chat."

मेलिसा र जोय खाना पकाउन आउँदैछन

So five Circle members had organized themselves

यसरी सर्कलका ५ जना सदस्य मिलेर

to take care of Belinda.

बेलिन्दाको स्याहार गर्छन।

And Belinda's 80, although she says that she feels 25 inside,

८० बर्षे बेलिन्दा, २५ वर्षको महशुस गर्छिन

but she also says

तर उनले यो पनि भन्छिन कि

that she felt stuck and pretty down when she joined Circle.

सर्कलमा पहिलो पटक आउँदा निकै अप्ठेरो भो,

But the simple act of encouraging her to come along to that first event

तर पहिलो पटकदेखिको सामान्य हार्दिकताले

led to a process where natural friendships formed,

मित्रताको बलियो सम्बन्ध बनाउन पुग्यो।

friendships that today are replacing the need for expensive services.

यो सम्बन्धले महंगो सेवा प्रतिस्थापित गर्यो

It's relationships that are making the difference.

सम्बन्धले नै यो सब पृथकता बनायो।

So I think that three factors have converged

मलार्इ लाग्छ तीन तत्वहरू मिलेर नै

that enable us to put relationships at the heart and center

अचेलको सामाजिक समस्या समाधानका लागि

of how we solve social problems today.

सम्बन्धलार्इ केन्द्रमा राख्न समर्थ हुन्छ।

Firstly, the nature of the problems --

पहिलो, समस्याका स्वरूपहरू

they've changed, and they require different solutions.

फेरिदा छन र समाधानका फरक उपाय आवश्यक छन।

Secondly, the cost, human as much as financial, of doing business as usual.

दोश्रो, पैसा र जनशक्तिको आवश्यक प्रबन्ध

And thirdly, technology.

र, तेस्रो प्रविधी।

I've talked about the first two factors.

मैले पहिला दुर्इ तत्वका बारे बताइसके

It's technology that enables these approaches to scale

प्रविधीले नै दृष्ट्रिकोण मापन र हजारौ

and potentially now support thousands of people.

मानिसहरुलार्इ सघाउन सक्षमता राख्दछ।

So the technology we've used is really simple,

हामीले प्रयोग गरेको यो प्रविधी सजिलो छ,

it's made up of available things like databases, mobile phones.

यो उपलब्ध डेटाबेस र मोबाइलफोनबाट बनेको छ

Circle has got this very simple system that underpins it,

सर्कलले यहि विधी अपनाएको छ जसले स्थानीय-

enables a small local team to support a membership of up to a thousand.

समूहले हजार सदस्यसम्मलार्इ सघाउन सक्छ।

And you can contrast this with a neighborhood organization

यसलार्इ अर्को संस्थासँग तुलना गर्न सकिन्छ

of the 1970s,

जुन १९७० मा बनाइएथे

when this kind of scale just wasn't possible,

जतिखेर यस्तो खाले विधी सम्भव थिएन

neither was the quality or the longevity that the spine of technology can provide.

गुणस्तर वा दीगो जुन प्रविधीले सम्भव हुन्छ।

So it's relationships underpinned by technology

त्यसैले सम्बन्ध प्रविधीसँग जोडिएको छ

that can turn the Beveridge models on their heads.

जसले बेभरिड्जको विधीलार्इ फेर्न सक्छ।

The Beveridge models are all about institutions with finite resources,

बेभरिड्जविधी संस्था र सिमित स्रोतका बारे छ

anonymously managing access.

गुमनाम ब्यवस्थापकिय पहुँच।

In my work at the front line,

मैले मेरो कार्यक्षेत्रमा देखेकी छु

I've seen again and again how up to 80 percent of resource

कसरी स्रोतको ८०% मानिसहरूसम्म नपुगी

is spent keeping people out.

खर्च भैरहेको छ।

So professionals have to administer

अधिकारीहरूले बढ्दै गएको प्रशासनिक

these increasingly complex forms of administration

जटिलताको ब्यवस्थापन गर्नुपर्छ जुन

that are basically about stopping people accessing the service

सेवाको पहुँचबाट मानिसहरूलार्इ रोकिरहेछ

or managing the queue.

वा, लाममा उभ्याइरहेछ।

And Circle, like the relational services that we and others have designed,

र, हामीहरूको संबंधात्मक सर्कलको प्रारूप

inverts this logic.

यो तर्कको ठिक उल्टो छ।

What it says is, the more people, the more relationships,

यो भन्छ, जति धेरै मान्छे त्यति धेरै संबन्ध

the stronger the solution.

र बलियो समाधान ।

So I want to tell you my third and final story,

म मेरो अन्तिम कथा भन्छु

which is about unemployment.

जुन बेरोजगारी सम्बन्धी छ।

In Britain, as in most places in the world,

धेरै ठाउँहरूमा झैं बेलायतमा

our welfare states were primarily designed

हाम्रा कल्याणकारी राज्यहरू मानिसहरूलार्इ

to get people into work,

काम दिलाउन र शिक्षा दिनका लागि

to educate them for this,

बनाइएका थिए, ताकी

and to keep them healthy.

उनीहरूलार्इ स्वस्थ राख्न सकियोस् ।

But here, too, the systems are failing.

तर, यहाँपनि प्रणालीहरू असफल भैरहेछन

And so the response has been

र, यसलार्इ ठीक पार्नका लागि

to try and make these old systems even more efficient and transactional --

यी पुराना प्रणालीहरू प्रभावकारी बनाइँदैछ

to speed up processing times, divide people into ever-smaller categories,

जसले प्रक्रियालार्इ छोट्याएर मानिसलार्इ

try and target services at them more efficiently -- in other words,

विशेष्टीकरण गर्ने प्रयास भएका छन्।

the very opposite of relational.

यो संबंधात्मक विधीको उल्टो छ।

But guess how most people find work today?

अनुमान गर्नुस् कतिले काम पाएका छन् अचेल?

Through word of mouth.

भनसुनका आधारमा,

It turns out that in Britain today, most new jobs are not advertised.

आज बेलायतमा धेरै जागिरको बिज्ञापन हुँदैन

So it's friends that tell you about a job,

साथीले तपाइँलार्इ जागिरकाे बारे भन्छ।

it's friends that recommend you for a job,

साथीले नै यसका लागि सिफारीश गर्छ। यो उन्नत

and it's a rich and diverse social network that helps you find work.

विविध सामाजिक संजालले काम पाउन सजिलो छ

Maybe some of you here this evening are thinking,

सायद यहाँ उपस्थित केहिले सोच्दैहुनुहोला

"But I found my job through an advert,"

"मैले बिज्ञापनबाटै जागिर पाएको हुँ।"

but if you think back, it was probably a friend that showed you the ad

सायद कुनै साथीले त्यो एड देखाएको होला?

and then encouraged you to apply.

आवेदनका लागि प्रेरित गर्यो होला।

But not surprisingly,

अनौठो नमान्नुस

people who perhaps most need this rich and diverse network

जसलार्इ विविध संजाल आवश्यक छ,

are those who are most isolated from it.

ती नै यसबारे बेखबर छन् ।

So knowing this,

यो थाहा पाउँदै,

and also knowing about the costs and failure of current systems,

लगानी र चालू प्रणालीको असफलता थाहापाउँदै

we designed something new with relationships at its heart.

सम्बन्धलार्इ केन्द्रमा राखेर हामीले बनायौं

We designed a service that encourages people to meet up,

अरूहरूलार्इ भेट्ने प्रेरणा दिने सेवा बनायौ

people in and out of work,

काम भित्र वा बाहिरका मान्छेहरू

to work together in structured ways

एकै संरचनामा काम गर्दै नयाँ अवसर

and try new opportunities.

रोज्न सक्षम हुने प्रणाली बनायौं।

And, well, it's very hard to compare the results of these new systems

र, नयाँ प्रणालीको नतिजा पुरानो प्रणालीको

with the old transactional models,

नतिजासँग तुलना गर्न गार्हो छ।

but it looks like, with our first 1,000 members,

तर हाम्रा १ हजार सदस्यहरूसँगै

we outperformed existing services by a factor of three,

बिद्यमान प्रणालीभन्दा राम्रो गर्यौ।

at a fraction of the cost.

त्यो मूल्यका आधारमा होस् या

And here, too, we've used technology,

प्रविधीको प्रयोगका आधारमा ।

but not to network people in the way that a social platform would do.

तर सामाजिकसंजालले जस्तो संजाल बनाउन हैन।

We've used it to bring people face to face and connect them with each other,

हामीले मानिसहरूलार्इ आमनेसामने गरायौं।

building real relationships and supporting people to find work.

साँचो सम्बन्ध बनायौ‌ र काम भेट्न सघायौं।

At the end of his life, in 1948,

१९४८ मा, जीवनको अन्त्यमा,

Beveridge wrote a third report.

बेभरिड्जले तेस्रो प्रतिवेदन लेखे

And in it he said he had made a dreadful mistake.

उनले यसमा भने, उनले भयानक गल्ती गरे।

He had left people and their communities out.

मानिसहरूलार्इ समुदायसँग बिच्छेद गराए।

And this omission, he said, led to seeing people,

उनले भने यस त्रुटीले मानिसहरूलार्इ

and people starting to see themselves,

प्रशासनिकतन्त्र र संस्थाको बर्गिकरणमा

within the categories of the bureaucracies and the institutions.

आफैलार्इ प्रतिबिम्बित गरायो।

And human relationships were already withering.

र, मानव संबन्ध स्खलित बनाउँदै गयो।

But unfortunately, this third report was much less read

तर दुर्भाग्य बेभरिड्जको अरू प्रतिवेदनभन्दा

than Beveridge's earlier work.

तेस्रो प्रतिबेदन कमैले पढे।

But today, we need to bring people and their communities

तर आज मानिस र समुदायहरूलार्इ नयाँ प्रणाली

back into the heart of the way we design new systems and new services,

र नयाँ सेवाको केन्द्रमा ल्याउनु जरूरी छ ।

in an approach that I call "Relational Welfare."

त्यो दृष्ट्रिकोण, संबंधात्मक कल्याण

We need to leave behind these old, transactional,

हामीले यो पुरानो, जिर्ण, असुहाउँदो

unsuitable, outdated models,

मिति सकिएको प्रणाली छाड्नुपर्छ।

and we need to adopt instead the shared collective relational responses

र, हामीले यो सामूहिक संबंधात्मक प्रणाली

that can support a family like Ella's,

जसले एल्लाको जस्तो परिवारलार्इ सहयोग गर्न

that can address an issue like loneliness,

एक्लोपन हटाउने प्रणाली अंगिकार गर्नुपर्छ

that can support people into work and up the skills curve

यसले आधुनिक श्रमबजारमा मानिसहरूलार्इ सीपको

in a modern labor market,

विशिष्टतासँगै काम दिन सक्छ।

that can also address challenges of education, of health care systems,

यसले शिक्षा र स्वास्थ्य सम्बन्धी चूनौतीहरु

and so many more of those problems that are pressing on our societies.

झैं अरू समस्याहरूको सम्बोधन गर्न सक्छ।

It is all about relationships.

यो सबै सम्बन्धसँग सम्बन्धित छ ।

Relationships are the critical resource we have.

सम्बन्धहरू हामीसँग उपलब्ध जरूरी स्रोत हुन।

Thank you.

धन्यवाद ।

(Applause)

(ताली)